audio/coreaudio.m - qemu - Git at Google

 /*
  * QEMU OS X CoreAudio audio driver
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2005 Mike Kronenberg
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  *
  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  *
  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  * THE SOFTWARE.
  */

 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include <CoreAudio/CoreAudio.h>
 #include <pthread.h>            /* pthread_X */

 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "audio.h"

 #define AUDIO_CAP "coreaudio"
 #include "audio_int.h"

 typedef struct coreaudioVoiceOut {
     HWVoiceOut hw;
     pthread_mutex_t buf_mutex;
     AudioDeviceID outputDeviceID;
     int frameSizeSetting;
     uint32_t bufferCount;
     UInt32 audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize;
     AudioDeviceIOProcID ioprocid;
     bool enabled;
 } coreaudioVoiceOut;

 #if !defined(MAC_OS_VERSION_12_0) \
     || (MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < MAC_OS_VERSION_12_0)
 #define kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster
 #endif

 static const AudioObjectPropertyAddress voice_addr = {
     kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice,
     kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
     kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain
 };

 static OSStatus coreaudio_get_voice(AudioDeviceID *id)
 {
     UInt32 size = sizeof(*id);

     return AudioObjectGetPropertyData(kAudioObjectSystemObject,
                                       &voice_addr,
                                       0,
                                       NULL,
                                       &size,
                                       id);
 }

 static OSStatus coreaudio_get_framesizerange(AudioDeviceID id,
                                              AudioValueRange *framerange)
 {
     UInt32 size = sizeof(*framerange);
     AudioObjectPropertyAddress addr = {
         kAudioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSizeRange,
         kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput,
         kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain
     };

     return AudioObjectGetPropertyData(id,
                                       &addr,
                                       0,
                                       NULL,
                                       &size,
                                       framerange);
 }

 static OSStatus coreaudio_get_framesize(AudioDeviceID id, UInt32 *framesize)
 {
     UInt32 size = sizeof(*framesize);
     AudioObjectPropertyAddress addr = {
         kAudioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize,
         kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput,
         kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain
     };

     return AudioObjectGetPropertyData(id,
                                       &addr,
                                       0,
                                       NULL,
                                       &size,
                                       framesize);
 }

 static OSStatus coreaudio_set_framesize(AudioDeviceID id, UInt32 *framesize)
 {
     UInt32 size = sizeof(*framesize);
     AudioObjectPropertyAddress addr = {
         kAudioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize,
         kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput,
         kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain
     };

     return AudioObjectSetPropertyData(id,
                                       &addr,
                                       0,
                                       NULL,
                                       size,
                                       framesize);
 }

 static OSStatus coreaudio_set_streamformat(AudioDeviceID id,
                                            AudioStreamBasicDescription *d)
 {
     UInt32 size = sizeof(*d);
     AudioObjectPropertyAddress addr = {
         kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat,
         kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput,
         kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain
     };

     return AudioObjectSetPropertyData(id,
                                       &addr,
                                       0,
                                       NULL,
                                       size,
                                       d);
 }

 static OSStatus coreaudio_get_isrunning(AudioDeviceID id, UInt32 *result)
 {
     UInt32 size = sizeof(*result);
     AudioObjectPropertyAddress addr = {
         kAudioDevicePropertyDeviceIsRunning,
         kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput,
         kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain
     };

     return AudioObjectGetPropertyData(id,
                                       &addr,
                                       0,
                                       NULL,
                                       &size,
                                       result);
 }

 static void coreaudio_logstatus (OSStatus status)
 {
     const char *str = "BUG";

     switch (status) {
     case kAudioHardwareNoError:
         str = "kAudioHardwareNoError";
         break;

     case kAudioHardwareNotRunningError:
         str = "kAudioHardwareNotRunningError";
         break;

     case kAudioHardwareUnspecifiedError:
         str = "kAudioHardwareUnspecifiedError";
         break;

     case kAudioHardwareUnknownPropertyError:
         str = "kAudioHardwareUnknownPropertyError";
         break;

     case kAudioHardwareBadPropertySizeError:
         str = "kAudioHardwareBadPropertySizeError";
         break;

     case kAudioHardwareIllegalOperationError:
         str = "kAudioHardwareIllegalOperationError";
         break;

     case kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError:
         str = "kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError";
         break;

     case kAudioHardwareBadStreamError:
         str = "kAudioHardwareBadStreamError";
         break;

     case kAudioHardwareUnsupportedOperationError:
         str = "kAudioHardwareUnsupportedOperationError";
         break;

     case kAudioDeviceUnsupportedFormatError:
         str = "kAudioDeviceUnsupportedFormatError";
         break;

     case kAudioDevicePermissionsError:
         str = "kAudioDevicePermissionsError";
         break;

     default:
         AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: status code %" PRId32 "\n", (int32_t)status);
         return;
     }

     AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: %s\n", str);
 }

 static void G_GNUC_PRINTF (2, 3) coreaudio_logerr (
     OSStatus status,
     const char *fmt,
     ...
     )
 {
     va_list ap;

     va_start (ap, fmt);
     AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, fmt, ap);
     va_end (ap);

     coreaudio_logstatus (status);
 }

 static void G_GNUC_PRINTF (3, 4) coreaudio_logerr2 (
     OSStatus status,
     const char *typ,
     const char *fmt,
     ...
     )
 {
     va_list ap;

     AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Could not initialize %s\n", typ);

     va_start (ap, fmt);
     AUD_vlog (AUDIO_CAP, fmt, ap);
     va_end (ap);

     coreaudio_logstatus (status);
 }

 #define coreaudio_playback_logerr(status, ...) \
     coreaudio_logerr2(status, "playback", __VA_ARGS__)

 static int coreaudio_buf_lock (coreaudioVoiceOut *core, const char *fn_name)
 {
     int err;

     err = pthread_mutex_lock (&core->buf_mutex);
     if (err) {
         dolog ("Could not lock voice for %s\nReason: %s\n",
                fn_name, strerror (err));
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }

 static int coreaudio_buf_unlock (coreaudioVoiceOut *core, const char *fn_name)
 {
     int err;

     err = pthread_mutex_unlock (&core->buf_mutex);
     if (err) {
         dolog ("Could not unlock voice for %s\nReason: %s\n",
                fn_name, strerror (err));
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }

 #define COREAUDIO_WRAPPER_FUNC(name, ret_type, args_decl, args) \
     static ret_type glue(coreaudio_, name)args_decl             \
     {                                                           \
         coreaudioVoiceOut *core = (coreaudioVoiceOut *) hw;     \
         ret_type ret;                                           \
                                                                 \
         if (coreaudio_buf_lock(core, "coreaudio_" #name)) {         \
             return 0;                                           \
         }                                                       \
                                                                 \
         ret = glue(audio_generic_, name)args;                   \
                                                                 \
         coreaudio_buf_unlock(core, "coreaudio_" #name);             \
         return ret;                                             \
     }
 COREAUDIO_WRAPPER_FUNC(buffer_get_free, size_t, (HWVoiceOut *hw), (hw))
 COREAUDIO_WRAPPER_FUNC(get_buffer_out, void *, (HWVoiceOut *hw, size_t *size),
                        (hw, size))
 COREAUDIO_WRAPPER_FUNC(put_buffer_out, size_t,
                        (HWVoiceOut *hw, void *buf, size_t size),
                        (hw, buf, size))
 COREAUDIO_WRAPPER_FUNC(write, size_t, (HWVoiceOut *hw, void *buf, size_t size),
                        (hw, buf, size))
 #undef COREAUDIO_WRAPPER_FUNC

 /*
  * callback to feed audiooutput buffer. called without iothread lock.
  * allowed to lock "buf_mutex", but disallowed to have any other locks.
  */
 static OSStatus audioDeviceIOProc(
     AudioDeviceID inDevice,
     const AudioTimeStamp *inNow,
     const AudioBufferList *inInputData,
     const AudioTimeStamp *inInputTime,
     AudioBufferList *outOutputData,
     const AudioTimeStamp *inOutputTime,
     void *hwptr)
 {
     UInt32 frameCount, pending_frames;
     void *out = outOutputData->mBuffers[0].mData;
     HWVoiceOut *hw = hwptr;
     coreaudioVoiceOut *core = (coreaudioVoiceOut *) hwptr;
     size_t len;

     if (coreaudio_buf_lock (core, "audioDeviceIOProc")) {
         inInputTime = 0;
         return 0;
     }

     if (inDevice != core->outputDeviceID) {
         coreaudio_buf_unlock (core, "audioDeviceIOProc(old device)");
         return 0;
     }

     frameCount = core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize;
     pending_frames = hw->pending_emul / hw->info.bytes_per_frame;

     /* if there are not enough samples, set signal and return */
     if (pending_frames < frameCount) {
         inInputTime = 0;
         coreaudio_buf_unlock (core, "audioDeviceIOProc(empty)");
         return 0;
     }

     len = frameCount * hw->info.bytes_per_frame;
     while (len) {
         size_t write_len, start;

         start = audio_ring_posb(hw->pos_emul, hw->pending_emul, hw->size_emul);
         assert(start < hw->size_emul);

         write_len = MIN(MIN(hw->pending_emul, len),
                         hw->size_emul - start);

         memcpy(out, hw->buf_emul + start, write_len);
         hw->pending_emul -= write_len;
         len -= write_len;
         out += write_len;
     }

     coreaudio_buf_unlock (core, "audioDeviceIOProc");
     return 0;
 }

 static OSStatus init_out_device(coreaudioVoiceOut *core)
 {
     OSStatus status;
     AudioValueRange frameRange;

     AudioStreamBasicDescription streamBasicDescription = {
         .mBitsPerChannel = core->hw.info.bits,
         .mBytesPerFrame = core->hw.info.bytes_per_frame,
         .mBytesPerPacket = core->hw.info.bytes_per_frame,
         .mChannelsPerFrame = core->hw.info.nchannels,
         .mFormatFlags = kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat,
         .mFormatID = kAudioFormatLinearPCM,
         .mFramesPerPacket = 1,
         .mSampleRate = core->hw.info.freq
     };

     status = coreaudio_get_voice(&core->outputDeviceID);
     if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
         coreaudio_playback_logerr (status,
                                    "Could not get default output Device\n");
         return status;
     }
     if (core->outputDeviceID == kAudioDeviceUnknown) {
         dolog ("Could not initialize playback - Unknown Audiodevice\n");
         return status;
     }

     /* get minimum and maximum buffer frame sizes */
     status = coreaudio_get_framesizerange(core->outputDeviceID,
                                           &frameRange);
     if (status == kAudioHardwareBadObjectError) {
         return 0;
     }
     if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
         coreaudio_playback_logerr (status,
                                     "Could not get device buffer frame range\n");
         return status;
     }

     if (frameRange.mMinimum > core->frameSizeSetting) {
         core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize = (UInt32) frameRange.mMinimum;
         dolog ("warning: Upsizing Buffer Frames to %f\n", frameRange.mMinimum);
     } else if (frameRange.mMaximum < core->frameSizeSetting) {
         core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize = (UInt32) frameRange.mMaximum;
         dolog ("warning: Downsizing Buffer Frames to %f\n", frameRange.mMaximum);
     } else {
         core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize = core->frameSizeSetting;
     }

     /* set Buffer Frame Size */
     status = coreaudio_set_framesize(core->outputDeviceID,
                                      &core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize);
     if (status == kAudioHardwareBadObjectError) {
         return 0;
     }
     if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
         coreaudio_playback_logerr (status,
                                     "Could not set device buffer frame size %" PRIu32 "\n",
                                     (uint32_t)core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize);
         return status;
     }

     /* get Buffer Frame Size */
     status = coreaudio_get_framesize(core->outputDeviceID,
                                      &core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize);
     if (status == kAudioHardwareBadObjectError) {
         return 0;
     }
     if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
         coreaudio_playback_logerr (status,
                                     "Could not get device buffer frame size\n");
         return status;
     }
     core->hw.samples = core->bufferCount * core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize;

     /* set Samplerate */
     status = coreaudio_set_streamformat(core->outputDeviceID,
                                         &streamBasicDescription);
     if (status == kAudioHardwareBadObjectError) {
         return 0;
     }
     if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
         coreaudio_playback_logerr (status,
                                    "Could not set samplerate %lf\n",
                                    streamBasicDescription.mSampleRate);
         core->outputDeviceID = kAudioDeviceUnknown;
         return status;
     }

     /*
      * set Callback.
      *
      * On macOS 11.3.1, Core Audio calls AudioDeviceIOProc after calling an
      * internal function named HALB_Mutex::Lock(), which locks a mutex in
      * HALB_IOThread::Entry(void*). HALB_Mutex::Lock() is also called in
      * AudioObjectGetPropertyData, which is called by coreaudio driver.
      * Therefore, the specified callback must be designed to avoid a deadlock
      * with the callers of AudioObjectGetPropertyData.
      */
     core->ioprocid = NULL;
     status = AudioDeviceCreateIOProcID(core->outputDeviceID,
                                        audioDeviceIOProc,
                                        &core->hw,
                                        &core->ioprocid);
     if (status == kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError) {
         return 0;
     }
     if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError || core->ioprocid == NULL) {
         coreaudio_playback_logerr (status, "Could not set IOProc\n");
         core->outputDeviceID = kAudioDeviceUnknown;
         return status;
     }

     return 0;
 }

 static void fini_out_device(coreaudioVoiceOut *core)
 {
     OSStatus status;
     UInt32 isrunning;

     /* stop playback */
     status = coreaudio_get_isrunning(core->outputDeviceID, &isrunning);
     if (status != kAudioHardwareBadObjectError) {
         if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
             coreaudio_logerr(status,
                              "Could not determine whether Device is playing\n");
         }

         if (isrunning) {
             status = AudioDeviceStop(core->outputDeviceID, core->ioprocid);
             if (status != kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError && status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
                 coreaudio_logerr(status, "Could not stop playback\n");
             }
         }
     }

     /* remove callback */
     status = AudioDeviceDestroyIOProcID(core->outputDeviceID,
                                         core->ioprocid);
     if (status != kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError && status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
         coreaudio_logerr(status, "Could not remove IOProc\n");
     }
     core->outputDeviceID = kAudioDeviceUnknown;
 }

 static void update_device_playback_state(coreaudioVoiceOut *core)
 {
     OSStatus status;
     UInt32 isrunning;

     status = coreaudio_get_isrunning(core->outputDeviceID, &isrunning);
     if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
         if (status != kAudioHardwareBadObjectError) {
             coreaudio_logerr(status,
                              "Could not determine whether Device is playing\n");
         }

         return;
     }

     if (core->enabled) {
         /* start playback */
         if (!isrunning) {
             status = AudioDeviceStart(core->outputDeviceID, core->ioprocid);
             if (status != kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError && status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
                 coreaudio_logerr (status, "Could not resume playback\n");
             }
         }
     } else {
         /* stop playback */
         if (isrunning) {
             status = AudioDeviceStop(core->outputDeviceID,
                                      core->ioprocid);
             if (status != kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError && status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
                 coreaudio_logerr(status, "Could not pause playback\n");
             }
         }
     }
 }

 /* called without iothread lock. */
 static OSStatus handle_voice_change(
     AudioObjectID in_object_id,
     UInt32 in_number_addresses,
     const AudioObjectPropertyAddress *in_addresses,
     void *in_client_data)
 {
     coreaudioVoiceOut *core = in_client_data;

     qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();

     if (core->outputDeviceID) {
         fini_out_device(core);
     }

     if (!init_out_device(core)) {
         update_device_playback_state(core);
     }

     qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
     return 0;
 }

 static int coreaudio_init_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, struct audsettings *as,
                               void *drv_opaque)
 {
     OSStatus status;
     coreaudioVoiceOut *core = (coreaudioVoiceOut *) hw;
     int err;
     Audiodev *dev = drv_opaque;
     AudiodevCoreaudioPerDirectionOptions *cpdo = dev->u.coreaudio.out;
     struct audsettings obt_as;

     /* create mutex */
     err = pthread_mutex_init(&core->buf_mutex, NULL);
     if (err) {
         dolog("Could not create mutex\nReason: %s\n", strerror (err));
         return -1;
     }

     obt_as = *as;
     as = &obt_as;
     as->fmt = AUDIO_FORMAT_F32;
     audio_pcm_init_info (&hw->info, as);

     core->frameSizeSetting = audio_buffer_frames(
         qapi_AudiodevCoreaudioPerDirectionOptions_base(cpdo), as, 11610);

     core->bufferCount = cpdo->has_buffer_count ? cpdo->buffer_count : 4;

     status = AudioObjectAddPropertyListener(kAudioObjectSystemObject,
                                             &voice_addr, handle_voice_change,
                                             core);
     if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
         coreaudio_playback_logerr (status,
                                    "Could not listen to voice property change\n");
         return -1;
     }

     if (init_out_device(core)) {
         status = AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener(kAudioObjectSystemObject,
                                                    &voice_addr,
                                                    handle_voice_change,
                                                    core);
         if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
             coreaudio_playback_logerr(status,
                                       "Could not remove voice property change listener\n");
         }

         return -1;
     }

     return 0;
 }

 static void coreaudio_fini_out (HWVoiceOut *hw)
 {
     OSStatus status;
     int err;
     coreaudioVoiceOut *core = (coreaudioVoiceOut *) hw;

     status = AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener(kAudioObjectSystemObject,
                                                &voice_addr,
                                                handle_voice_change,
                                                core);
     if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
         coreaudio_logerr(status, "Could not remove voice property change listener\n");
     }

     fini_out_device(core);

     /* destroy mutex */
     err = pthread_mutex_destroy(&core->buf_mutex);
     if (err) {
         dolog("Could not destroy mutex\nReason: %s\n", strerror (err));
     }
 }

 static void coreaudio_enable_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, bool enable)
 {
     coreaudioVoiceOut *core = (coreaudioVoiceOut *) hw;

     core->enabled = enable;
     update_device_playback_state(core);
 }

 static void *coreaudio_audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     return dev;
 }

 static void coreaudio_audio_fini (void *opaque)
 {
 }

 static struct audio_pcm_ops coreaudio_pcm_ops = {
     .init_out = coreaudio_init_out,
     .fini_out = coreaudio_fini_out,
   /* wrapper for audio_generic_write */
     .write    = coreaudio_write,
   /* wrapper for audio_generic_buffer_get_free */
     .buffer_get_free = coreaudio_buffer_get_free,
   /* wrapper for audio_generic_get_buffer_out */
     .get_buffer_out = coreaudio_get_buffer_out,
   /* wrapper for audio_generic_put_buffer_out */
     .put_buffer_out = coreaudio_put_buffer_out,
     .enable_out = coreaudio_enable_out
 };

 static struct audio_driver coreaudio_audio_driver = {
     .name           = "coreaudio",
     .descr          = "CoreAudio http://developer.apple.com/audio/coreaudio.html",
     .init           = coreaudio_audio_init,
     .fini           = coreaudio_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &coreaudio_pcm_ops,
     .can_be_default = 1,
     .max_voices_out = 1,
     .max_voices_in  = 0,
     .voice_size_out = sizeof (coreaudioVoiceOut),
     .voice_size_in  = 0
 };

 static void register_audio_coreaudio(void)
 {
     audio_driver_register(&coreaudio_audio_driver);
 }
 type_init(register_audio_coreaudio);
	/*
	* QEMU OS X CoreAudio audio driver
	*
	* Copyright (c) 2005 Mike Kronenberg
	*
	* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
	*
	* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
	* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
	*
	* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
	* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
	* THE SOFTWARE.
	*/

	#include "qemu/osdep.h"
	#include <CoreAudio/CoreAudio.h>
	#include <pthread.h> /* pthread_X */

	#include "qemu/main-loop.h"
	#include "qemu/module.h"
	#include "audio.h"

	#define AUDIO_CAP "coreaudio"
	#include "audio_int.h"

	typedef struct coreaudioVoiceOut {
	HWVoiceOut hw;
	pthread_mutex_t buf_mutex;
	AudioDeviceID outputDeviceID;
	int frameSizeSetting;
	uint32_t bufferCount;
	UInt32 audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize;
	AudioDeviceIOProcID ioprocid;
	bool enabled;
	} coreaudioVoiceOut;

	#if !defined(MAC_OS_VERSION_12_0) \
	\|\| (MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < MAC_OS_VERSION_12_0)
	#define kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster
	#endif

	static const AudioObjectPropertyAddress voice_addr = {
	kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice,
	kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
	kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain
	};

	static OSStatus coreaudio_get_voice(AudioDeviceID *id)
	{
	UInt32 size = sizeof(*id);

	return AudioObjectGetPropertyData(kAudioObjectSystemObject,
	&voice_addr,
	0,
	NULL,
	&size,
	id);
	}

	static OSStatus coreaudio_get_framesizerange(AudioDeviceID id,
	AudioValueRange *framerange)
	{
	UInt32 size = sizeof(*framerange);
	AudioObjectPropertyAddress addr = {
	kAudioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSizeRange,
	kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput,
	kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain
	};

	return AudioObjectGetPropertyData(id,
	&addr,
	0,
	NULL,
	&size,
	framerange);
	}

	static OSStatus coreaudio_get_framesize(AudioDeviceID id, UInt32 *framesize)
	{
	UInt32 size = sizeof(*framesize);
	AudioObjectPropertyAddress addr = {
	kAudioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize,
	kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput,
	kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain
	};

	return AudioObjectGetPropertyData(id,
	&addr,
	0,
	NULL,
	&size,
	framesize);
	}

	static OSStatus coreaudio_set_framesize(AudioDeviceID id, UInt32 *framesize)
	{
	UInt32 size = sizeof(*framesize);
	AudioObjectPropertyAddress addr = {
	kAudioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize,
	kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput,
	kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain
	};

	return AudioObjectSetPropertyData(id,
	&addr,
	0,
	NULL,
	size,
	framesize);
	}

	static OSStatus coreaudio_set_streamformat(AudioDeviceID id,
	AudioStreamBasicDescription *d)
	{
	UInt32 size = sizeof(*d);
	AudioObjectPropertyAddress addr = {
	kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat,
	kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput,
	kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain
	};

	return AudioObjectSetPropertyData(id,
	&addr,
	0,
	NULL,
	size,
	d);
	}

	static OSStatus coreaudio_get_isrunning(AudioDeviceID id, UInt32 *result)
	{
	UInt32 size = sizeof(*result);
	AudioObjectPropertyAddress addr = {
	kAudioDevicePropertyDeviceIsRunning,
	kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput,
	kAudioObjectPropertyElementMain
	};

	return AudioObjectGetPropertyData(id,
	&addr,
	0,
	NULL,
	&size,
	result);
	}

	static void coreaudio_logstatus (OSStatus status)
	{
	const char *str = "BUG";

	switch (status) {
	case kAudioHardwareNoError:
	str = "kAudioHardwareNoError";
	break;

	case kAudioHardwareNotRunningError:
	str = "kAudioHardwareNotRunningError";
	break;

	case kAudioHardwareUnspecifiedError:
	str = "kAudioHardwareUnspecifiedError";
	break;

	case kAudioHardwareUnknownPropertyError:
	str = "kAudioHardwareUnknownPropertyError";
	break;

	case kAudioHardwareBadPropertySizeError:
	str = "kAudioHardwareBadPropertySizeError";
	break;

	case kAudioHardwareIllegalOperationError:
	str = "kAudioHardwareIllegalOperationError";
	break;

	case kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError:
	str = "kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError";
	break;

	case kAudioHardwareBadStreamError:
	str = "kAudioHardwareBadStreamError";
	break;

	case kAudioHardwareUnsupportedOperationError:
	str = "kAudioHardwareUnsupportedOperationError";
	break;

	case kAudioDeviceUnsupportedFormatError:
	str = "kAudioDeviceUnsupportedFormatError";
	break;

	case kAudioDevicePermissionsError:
	str = "kAudioDevicePermissionsError";
	break;

	default:
	AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: status code %" PRId32 "\n", (int32_t)status);
	return;
	}

	AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: %s\n", str);
	}

	static void G_GNUC_PRINTF (2, 3) coreaudio_logerr (
	OSStatus status,
	const char *fmt,
	...
	)
	{
	va_list ap;

	va_start (ap, fmt);
	AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, fmt, ap);
	va_end (ap);

	coreaudio_logstatus (status);
	}

	static void G_GNUC_PRINTF (3, 4) coreaudio_logerr2 (
	OSStatus status,
	const char *typ,
	const char *fmt,
	...
	)
	{
	va_list ap;

	AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Could not initialize %s\n", typ);

	va_start (ap, fmt);
	AUD_vlog (AUDIO_CAP, fmt, ap);
	va_end (ap);

	coreaudio_logstatus (status);
	}

	#define coreaudio_playback_logerr(status, ...) \
	coreaudio_logerr2(status, "playback", __VA_ARGS__)

	static int coreaudio_buf_lock (coreaudioVoiceOut core, const char fn_name)
	{
	int err;

	err = pthread_mutex_lock (&core->buf_mutex);
	if (err) {
	dolog ("Could not lock voice for %s\nReason: %s\n",
	fn_name, strerror (err));
	return -1;
	}
	return 0;
	}

	static int coreaudio_buf_unlock (coreaudioVoiceOut core, const char fn_name)
	{
	int err;

	err = pthread_mutex_unlock (&core->buf_mutex);
	if (err) {
	dolog ("Could not unlock voice for %s\nReason: %s\n",
	fn_name, strerror (err));
	return -1;
	}
	return 0;
	}

	#define COREAUDIO_WRAPPER_FUNC(name, ret_type, args_decl, args) \
	static ret_type glue(coreaudio_, name)args_decl \
	{ \
	coreaudioVoiceOut core = (coreaudioVoiceOut ) hw; \
	ret_type ret; \
	\
	if (coreaudio_buf_lock(core, "coreaudio_" #name)) { \
	return 0; \
	} \
	\
	ret = glue(audio_generic_, name)args; \
	\
	coreaudio_buf_unlock(core, "coreaudio_" #name); \
	return ret; \
	}
	COREAUDIO_WRAPPER_FUNC(buffer_get_free, size_t, (HWVoiceOut *hw), (hw))
	COREAUDIO_WRAPPER_FUNC(get_buffer_out, void , (HWVoiceOut hw, size_t *size),
	(hw, size))
	COREAUDIO_WRAPPER_FUNC(put_buffer_out, size_t,
	(HWVoiceOut hw, void buf, size_t size),
	(hw, buf, size))
	COREAUDIO_WRAPPER_FUNC(write, size_t, (HWVoiceOut hw, void buf, size_t size),
	(hw, buf, size))
	#undef COREAUDIO_WRAPPER_FUNC

	/*
	* callback to feed audiooutput buffer. called without iothread lock.
	* allowed to lock "buf_mutex", but disallowed to have any other locks.
	*/
	static OSStatus audioDeviceIOProc(
	AudioDeviceID inDevice,
	const AudioTimeStamp *inNow,
	const AudioBufferList *inInputData,
	const AudioTimeStamp *inInputTime,
	AudioBufferList *outOutputData,
	const AudioTimeStamp *inOutputTime,
	void *hwptr)
	{
	UInt32 frameCount, pending_frames;
	void *out = outOutputData->mBuffers[0].mData;
	HWVoiceOut *hw = hwptr;
	coreaudioVoiceOut core = (coreaudioVoiceOut ) hwptr;
	size_t len;

	if (coreaudio_buf_lock (core, "audioDeviceIOProc")) {
	inInputTime = 0;
	return 0;
	}

	if (inDevice != core->outputDeviceID) {
	coreaudio_buf_unlock (core, "audioDeviceIOProc(old device)");
	return 0;
	}

	frameCount = core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize;
	pending_frames = hw->pending_emul / hw->info.bytes_per_frame;

	/* if there are not enough samples, set signal and return */
	if (pending_frames < frameCount) {
	inInputTime = 0;
	coreaudio_buf_unlock (core, "audioDeviceIOProc(empty)");
	return 0;
	}

	len = frameCount * hw->info.bytes_per_frame;
	while (len) {
	size_t write_len, start;

	start = audio_ring_posb(hw->pos_emul, hw->pending_emul, hw->size_emul);
	assert(start < hw->size_emul);

	write_len = MIN(MIN(hw->pending_emul, len),
	hw->size_emul - start);

	memcpy(out, hw->buf_emul + start, write_len);
	hw->pending_emul -= write_len;
	len -= write_len;
	out += write_len;
	}

	coreaudio_buf_unlock (core, "audioDeviceIOProc");
	return 0;
	}

	static OSStatus init_out_device(coreaudioVoiceOut *core)
	{
	OSStatus status;
	AudioValueRange frameRange;

	AudioStreamBasicDescription streamBasicDescription = {
	.mBitsPerChannel = core->hw.info.bits,
	.mBytesPerFrame = core->hw.info.bytes_per_frame,
	.mBytesPerPacket = core->hw.info.bytes_per_frame,
	.mChannelsPerFrame = core->hw.info.nchannels,
	.mFormatFlags = kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat,
	.mFormatID = kAudioFormatLinearPCM,
	.mFramesPerPacket = 1,
	.mSampleRate = core->hw.info.freq
	};

	status = coreaudio_get_voice(&core->outputDeviceID);
	if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_playback_logerr (status,
	"Could not get default output Device\n");
	return status;
	}
	if (core->outputDeviceID == kAudioDeviceUnknown) {
	dolog ("Could not initialize playback - Unknown Audiodevice\n");
	return status;
	}

	/* get minimum and maximum buffer frame sizes */
	status = coreaudio_get_framesizerange(core->outputDeviceID,
	&frameRange);
	if (status == kAudioHardwareBadObjectError) {
	return 0;
	}
	if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_playback_logerr (status,
	"Could not get device buffer frame range\n");
	return status;
	}

	if (frameRange.mMinimum > core->frameSizeSetting) {
	core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize = (UInt32) frameRange.mMinimum;
	dolog ("warning: Upsizing Buffer Frames to %f\n", frameRange.mMinimum);
	} else if (frameRange.mMaximum < core->frameSizeSetting) {
	core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize = (UInt32) frameRange.mMaximum;
	dolog ("warning: Downsizing Buffer Frames to %f\n", frameRange.mMaximum);
	} else {
	core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize = core->frameSizeSetting;
	}

	/* set Buffer Frame Size */
	status = coreaudio_set_framesize(core->outputDeviceID,
	&core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize);
	if (status == kAudioHardwareBadObjectError) {
	return 0;
	}
	if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_playback_logerr (status,
	"Could not set device buffer frame size %" PRIu32 "\n",
	(uint32_t)core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize);
	return status;
	}

	/* get Buffer Frame Size */
	status = coreaudio_get_framesize(core->outputDeviceID,
	&core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize);
	if (status == kAudioHardwareBadObjectError) {
	return 0;
	}
	if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_playback_logerr (status,
	"Could not get device buffer frame size\n");
	return status;
	}
	core->hw.samples = core->bufferCount * core->audioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize;

	/* set Samplerate */
	status = coreaudio_set_streamformat(core->outputDeviceID,
	&streamBasicDescription);
	if (status == kAudioHardwareBadObjectError) {
	return 0;
	}
	if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_playback_logerr (status,
	"Could not set samplerate %lf\n",
	streamBasicDescription.mSampleRate);
	core->outputDeviceID = kAudioDeviceUnknown;
	return status;
	}

	/*
	* set Callback.
	*
	* On macOS 11.3.1, Core Audio calls AudioDeviceIOProc after calling an
	* internal function named HALB_Mutex::Lock(), which locks a mutex in
	* HALB_IOThread::Entry(void*). HALB_Mutex::Lock() is also called in
	* AudioObjectGetPropertyData, which is called by coreaudio driver.
	* Therefore, the specified callback must be designed to avoid a deadlock
	* with the callers of AudioObjectGetPropertyData.
	*/
	core->ioprocid = NULL;
	status = AudioDeviceCreateIOProcID(core->outputDeviceID,
	audioDeviceIOProc,
	&core->hw,
	&core->ioprocid);
	if (status == kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError) {
	return 0;
	}
	if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError \|\| core->ioprocid == NULL) {
	coreaudio_playback_logerr (status, "Could not set IOProc\n");
	core->outputDeviceID = kAudioDeviceUnknown;
	return status;
	}

	return 0;
	}

	static void fini_out_device(coreaudioVoiceOut *core)
	{
	OSStatus status;
	UInt32 isrunning;

	/* stop playback */
	status = coreaudio_get_isrunning(core->outputDeviceID, &isrunning);
	if (status != kAudioHardwareBadObjectError) {
	if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_logerr(status,
	"Could not determine whether Device is playing\n");
	}

	if (isrunning) {
	status = AudioDeviceStop(core->outputDeviceID, core->ioprocid);
	if (status != kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError && status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_logerr(status, "Could not stop playback\n");
	}
	}
	}

	/* remove callback */
	status = AudioDeviceDestroyIOProcID(core->outputDeviceID,
	core->ioprocid);
	if (status != kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError && status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_logerr(status, "Could not remove IOProc\n");
	}
	core->outputDeviceID = kAudioDeviceUnknown;
	}

	static void update_device_playback_state(coreaudioVoiceOut *core)
	{
	OSStatus status;
	UInt32 isrunning;

	status = coreaudio_get_isrunning(core->outputDeviceID, &isrunning);
	if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	if (status != kAudioHardwareBadObjectError) {
	coreaudio_logerr(status,
	"Could not determine whether Device is playing\n");
	}

	return;
	}

	if (core->enabled) {
	/* start playback */
	if (!isrunning) {
	status = AudioDeviceStart(core->outputDeviceID, core->ioprocid);
	if (status != kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError && status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_logerr (status, "Could not resume playback\n");
	}
	}
	} else {
	/* stop playback */
	if (isrunning) {
	status = AudioDeviceStop(core->outputDeviceID,
	core->ioprocid);
	if (status != kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError && status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_logerr(status, "Could not pause playback\n");
	}
	}
	}
	}

	/* called without iothread lock. */
	static OSStatus handle_voice_change(
	AudioObjectID in_object_id,
	UInt32 in_number_addresses,
	const AudioObjectPropertyAddress *in_addresses,
	void *in_client_data)
	{
	coreaudioVoiceOut *core = in_client_data;

	qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();

	if (core->outputDeviceID) {
	fini_out_device(core);
	}

	if (!init_out_device(core)) {
	update_device_playback_state(core);
	}

	qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
	return 0;
	}

	static int coreaudio_init_out(HWVoiceOut hw, struct audsettings as,
	void *drv_opaque)
	{
	OSStatus status;
	coreaudioVoiceOut core = (coreaudioVoiceOut ) hw;
	int err;
	Audiodev *dev = drv_opaque;
	AudiodevCoreaudioPerDirectionOptions *cpdo = dev->u.coreaudio.out;
	struct audsettings obt_as;

	/* create mutex */
	err = pthread_mutex_init(&core->buf_mutex, NULL);
	if (err) {
	dolog("Could not create mutex\nReason: %s\n", strerror (err));
	return -1;
	}

	obt_as = *as;
	as = &obt_as;
	as->fmt = AUDIO_FORMAT_F32;
	audio_pcm_init_info (&hw->info, as);

	core->frameSizeSetting = audio_buffer_frames(
	qapi_AudiodevCoreaudioPerDirectionOptions_base(cpdo), as, 11610);

	core->bufferCount = cpdo->has_buffer_count ? cpdo->buffer_count : 4;

	status = AudioObjectAddPropertyListener(kAudioObjectSystemObject,
	&voice_addr, handle_voice_change,
	core);
	if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_playback_logerr (status,
	"Could not listen to voice property change\n");
	return -1;
	}

	if (init_out_device(core)) {
	status = AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener(kAudioObjectSystemObject,
	&voice_addr,
	handle_voice_change,
	core);
	if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_playback_logerr(status,
	"Could not remove voice property change listener\n");
	}

	return -1;
	}

	return 0;
	}

	static void coreaudio_fini_out (HWVoiceOut *hw)
	{
	OSStatus status;
	int err;
	coreaudioVoiceOut core = (coreaudioVoiceOut ) hw;

	status = AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener(kAudioObjectSystemObject,
	&voice_addr,
	handle_voice_change,
	core);
	if (status != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
	coreaudio_logerr(status, "Could not remove voice property change listener\n");
	}

	fini_out_device(core);

	/* destroy mutex */
	err = pthread_mutex_destroy(&core->buf_mutex);
	if (err) {
	dolog("Could not destroy mutex\nReason: %s\n", strerror (err));
	}
	}

	static void coreaudio_enable_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, bool enable)
	{
	coreaudioVoiceOut core = (coreaudioVoiceOut ) hw;

	core->enabled = enable;
	update_device_playback_state(core);
	}

	static void coreaudio_audio_init(Audiodev dev, Error **errp)
	{
	return dev;
	}

	static void coreaudio_audio_fini (void *opaque)
	{
	}

	static struct audio_pcm_ops coreaudio_pcm_ops = {
	.init_out = coreaudio_init_out,
	.fini_out = coreaudio_fini_out,
	/* wrapper for audio_generic_write */
	.write = coreaudio_write,
	/* wrapper for audio_generic_buffer_get_free */
	.buffer_get_free = coreaudio_buffer_get_free,
	/* wrapper for audio_generic_get_buffer_out */
	.get_buffer_out = coreaudio_get_buffer_out,
	/* wrapper for audio_generic_put_buffer_out */
	.put_buffer_out = coreaudio_put_buffer_out,
	.enable_out = coreaudio_enable_out
	};

	static struct audio_driver coreaudio_audio_driver = {
	.name = "coreaudio",
	.descr = "CoreAudio http://developer.apple.com/audio/coreaudio.html",
	.init = coreaudio_audio_init,
	.fini = coreaudio_audio_fini,
	.pcm_ops = &coreaudio_pcm_ops,
	.can_be_default = 1,
	.max_voices_out = 1,
	.max_voices_in = 0,
	.voice_size_out = sizeof (coreaudioVoiceOut),
	.voice_size_in = 0
	};

	static void register_audio_coreaudio(void)
	{
	audio_driver_register(&coreaudio_audio_driver);
	}
	type_init(register_audio_coreaudio);