hw/display/tcx.c - qemu - Git at Google

 /*
  * QEMU TCX Frame buffer
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  *
  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  *
  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  * THE SOFTWARE.
  */

 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "ui/console.h"
 #include "ui/pixel_ops.h"
 #include "hw/loader.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"

 #define TCX_ROM_FILE "QEMU,tcx.bin"
 #define FCODE_MAX_ROM_SIZE 0x10000

 #define MAXX 1024
 #define MAXY 768
 #define TCX_DAC_NREGS    16
 #define TCX_THC_NREGS    0x1000
 #define TCX_DHC_NREGS    0x4000
 #define TCX_TEC_NREGS    0x1000
 #define TCX_ALT_NREGS    0x8000
 #define TCX_STIP_NREGS   0x800000
 #define TCX_BLIT_NREGS   0x800000
 #define TCX_RSTIP_NREGS  0x800000
 #define TCX_RBLIT_NREGS  0x800000

 #define TCX_THC_MISC     0x818
 #define TCX_THC_CURSXY   0x8fc
 #define TCX_THC_CURSMASK 0x900
 #define TCX_THC_CURSBITS 0x980

 #define TYPE_TCX "sun-tcx"
 OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(TCXState, TCX)

 struct TCXState {
     SysBusDevice parent_obj;

     QemuConsole *con;
     qemu_irq irq;
     uint8_t *vram;
     uint32_t *vram24, *cplane;
     hwaddr prom_addr;
     MemoryRegion rom;
     MemoryRegion vram_mem;
     MemoryRegion vram_8bit;
     MemoryRegion vram_24bit;
     MemoryRegion stip;
     MemoryRegion blit;
     MemoryRegion vram_cplane;
     MemoryRegion rstip;
     MemoryRegion rblit;
     MemoryRegion tec;
     MemoryRegion dac;
     MemoryRegion thc;
     MemoryRegion dhc;
     MemoryRegion alt;
     MemoryRegion thc24;

     ram_addr_t vram24_offset, cplane_offset;
     uint32_t tmpblit;
     uint32_t vram_size;
     uint32_t palette[260];
     uint8_t r[260], g[260], b[260];
     uint16_t width, height, depth;
     uint8_t dac_index, dac_state;
     uint32_t thcmisc;
     uint32_t cursmask[32];
     uint32_t cursbits[32];
     uint16_t cursx;
     uint16_t cursy;
 };

 static void tcx_set_dirty(TCXState *s, ram_addr_t addr, int len)
 {
     memory_region_set_dirty(&s->vram_mem, addr, len);

     if (s->depth == 24) {
         memory_region_set_dirty(&s->vram_mem, s->vram24_offset + addr * 4,
                                 len * 4);
         memory_region_set_dirty(&s->vram_mem, s->cplane_offset + addr * 4,
                                 len * 4);
     }
 }

 static int tcx_check_dirty(TCXState *s, DirtyBitmapSnapshot *snap,
                            ram_addr_t addr, int len)
 {
     int ret;

     ret = memory_region_snapshot_get_dirty(&s->vram_mem, snap, addr, len);

     if (s->depth == 24) {
         ret |= memory_region_snapshot_get_dirty(&s->vram_mem, snap,
                                        s->vram24_offset + addr * 4, len * 4);
         ret |= memory_region_snapshot_get_dirty(&s->vram_mem, snap,
                                        s->cplane_offset + addr * 4, len * 4);
     }

     return ret;
 }

 static void update_palette_entries(TCXState *s, int start, int end)
 {
     int i;

     for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
         s->palette[i] = rgb_to_pixel32(s->r[i], s->g[i], s->b[i]);
     }
     tcx_set_dirty(s, 0, memory_region_size(&s->vram_mem));
 }

 static void tcx_draw_line32(TCXState *s1, uint8_t *d,
                             const uint8_t *s, int width)
 {
     int x;
     uint8_t val;
     uint32_t *p = (uint32_t *)d;

     for (x = 0; x < width; x++) {
         val = *s++;
         *p++ = s1->palette[val];
     }
 }

 static void tcx_draw_cursor32(TCXState *s1, uint8_t *d,
                               int y, int width)
 {
     int x, len;
     uint32_t mask, bits;
     uint32_t *p = (uint32_t *)d;

     y = y - s1->cursy;
     mask = s1->cursmask[y];
     bits = s1->cursbits[y];
     len = MIN(width - s1->cursx, 32);
     p = &p[s1->cursx];
     for (x = 0; x < len; x++) {
         if (mask & 0x80000000) {
             if (bits & 0x80000000) {
                 *p = s1->palette[259];
             } else {
                 *p = s1->palette[258];
             }
         }
         p++;
         mask <<= 1;
         bits <<= 1;
     }
 }

 /*
  * XXX Could be much more optimal:
  * detect if line/page/whole screen is in 24 bit mode
  */
 static inline void tcx24_draw_line32(TCXState *s1, uint8_t *d,
                                      const uint8_t *s, int width,
                                      const uint32_t *cplane,
                                      const uint32_t *s24)
 {
     int x, r, g, b;
     uint8_t val, *p8;
     uint32_t *p = (uint32_t *)d;
     uint32_t dval;
     for(x = 0; x < width; x++, s++, s24++) {
         if (be32_to_cpu(*cplane) & 0x03000000) {
             /* 24-bit direct, BGR order */
             p8 = (uint8_t *)s24;
             p8++;
             b = *p8++;
             g = *p8++;
             r = *p8;
             dval = rgb_to_pixel32(r, g, b);
         } else {
             /* 8-bit pseudocolor */
             val = *s;
             dval = s1->palette[val];
         }
         *p++ = dval;
         cplane++;
     }
 }

 /* Fixed line length 1024 allows us to do nice tricks not possible on
    VGA... */

 static void tcx_update_display(void *opaque)
 {
     TCXState *ts = opaque;
     DisplaySurface *surface = qemu_console_surface(ts->con);
     ram_addr_t page;
     DirtyBitmapSnapshot *snap = NULL;
     int y, y_start, dd, ds;
     uint8_t *d, *s;

     assert(surface_bits_per_pixel(surface) == 32);

     page = 0;
     y_start = -1;
     d = surface_data(surface);
     s = ts->vram;
     dd = surface_stride(surface);
     ds = 1024;

     snap = memory_region_snapshot_and_clear_dirty(&ts->vram_mem, 0x0,
                                              memory_region_size(&ts->vram_mem),
                                              DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);

     for (y = 0; y < ts->height; y++, page += ds) {
         if (tcx_check_dirty(ts, snap, page, ds)) {
             if (y_start < 0)
                 y_start = y;

             tcx_draw_line32(ts, d, s, ts->width);
             if (y >= ts->cursy && y < ts->cursy + 32 && ts->cursx < ts->width) {
                 tcx_draw_cursor32(ts, d, y, ts->width);
             }
         } else {
             if (y_start >= 0) {
                 /* flush to display */
                 dpy_gfx_update(ts->con, 0, y_start,
                                ts->width, y - y_start);
                 y_start = -1;
             }
         }
         s += ds;
         d += dd;
     }
     if (y_start >= 0) {
         /* flush to display */
         dpy_gfx_update(ts->con, 0, y_start,
                        ts->width, y - y_start);
     }
     g_free(snap);
 }

 static void tcx24_update_display(void *opaque)
 {
     TCXState *ts = opaque;
     DisplaySurface *surface = qemu_console_surface(ts->con);
     ram_addr_t page;
     DirtyBitmapSnapshot *snap = NULL;
     int y, y_start, dd, ds;
     uint8_t *d, *s;
     uint32_t *cptr, *s24;

     assert(surface_bits_per_pixel(surface) == 32);

     page = 0;
     y_start = -1;
     d = surface_data(surface);
     s = ts->vram;
     s24 = ts->vram24;
     cptr = ts->cplane;
     dd = surface_stride(surface);
     ds = 1024;

     snap = memory_region_snapshot_and_clear_dirty(&ts->vram_mem, 0x0,
                                              memory_region_size(&ts->vram_mem),
                                              DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);

     for (y = 0; y < ts->height; y++, page += ds) {
         if (tcx_check_dirty(ts, snap, page, ds)) {
             if (y_start < 0)
                 y_start = y;

             tcx24_draw_line32(ts, d, s, ts->width, cptr, s24);
             if (y >= ts->cursy && y < ts->cursy+32 && ts->cursx < ts->width) {
                 tcx_draw_cursor32(ts, d, y, ts->width);
             }
         } else {
             if (y_start >= 0) {
                 /* flush to display */
                 dpy_gfx_update(ts->con, 0, y_start,
                                ts->width, y - y_start);
                 y_start = -1;
             }
         }
         d += dd;
         s += ds;
         cptr += ds;
         s24 += ds;
     }
     if (y_start >= 0) {
         /* flush to display */
         dpy_gfx_update(ts->con, 0, y_start,
                        ts->width, y - y_start);
     }
     g_free(snap);
 }

 static void tcx_invalidate_display(void *opaque)
 {
     TCXState *s = opaque;

     tcx_set_dirty(s, 0, memory_region_size(&s->vram_mem));
     qemu_console_resize(s->con, s->width, s->height);
 }

 static void tcx24_invalidate_display(void *opaque)
 {
     TCXState *s = opaque;

     tcx_set_dirty(s, 0, memory_region_size(&s->vram_mem));
     qemu_console_resize(s->con, s->width, s->height);
 }

 static int vmstate_tcx_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
 {
     TCXState *s = opaque;

     update_palette_entries(s, 0, 256);
     tcx_set_dirty(s, 0, memory_region_size(&s->vram_mem));
     return 0;
 }

 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_tcx = {
     .name ="tcx",
     .version_id = 4,
     .minimum_version_id = 4,
     .post_load = vmstate_tcx_post_load,
     .fields = (const VMStateField[]) {
         VMSTATE_UINT16(height, TCXState),
         VMSTATE_UINT16(width, TCXState),
         VMSTATE_UINT16(depth, TCXState),
         VMSTATE_BUFFER(r, TCXState),
         VMSTATE_BUFFER(g, TCXState),
         VMSTATE_BUFFER(b, TCXState),
         VMSTATE_UINT8(dac_index, TCXState),
         VMSTATE_UINT8(dac_state, TCXState),
         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
     }
 };

 static void tcx_reset(DeviceState *d)
 {
     TCXState *s = TCX(d);

     /* Initialize palette */
     memset(s->r, 0, 260);
     memset(s->g, 0, 260);
     memset(s->b, 0, 260);
     s->r[255] = s->g[255] = s->b[255] = 255;
     s->r[256] = s->g[256] = s->b[256] = 255;
     s->r[258] = s->g[258] = s->b[258] = 255;
     update_palette_entries(s, 0, 260);
     memset(s->vram, 0, MAXX*MAXY);
     memory_region_reset_dirty(&s->vram_mem, 0, MAXX * MAXY * (1 + 4 + 4),
                               DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);
     s->dac_index = 0;
     s->dac_state = 0;
     s->cursx = 0xf000; /* Put cursor off screen */
     s->cursy = 0xf000;
 }

 static uint64_t tcx_dac_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                               unsigned size)
 {
     TCXState *s = opaque;
     uint32_t val = 0;

     switch (s->dac_state) {
     case 0:
         val = s->r[s->dac_index] << 24;
         s->dac_state++;
         break;
     case 1:
         val = s->g[s->dac_index] << 24;
         s->dac_state++;
         break;
     case 2:
         val = s->b[s->dac_index] << 24;
         s->dac_index = (s->dac_index + 1) & 0xff; /* Index autoincrement */
         /* fall through */
     default:
         s->dac_state = 0;
         break;
     }

     return val;
 }

 static void tcx_dac_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t val,
                            unsigned size)
 {
     TCXState *s = opaque;
     unsigned index;

     switch (addr) {
     case 0: /* Address */
         s->dac_index = val >> 24;
         s->dac_state = 0;
         break;
     case 4:  /* Pixel colours */
     case 12: /* Overlay (cursor) colours */
         if (addr & 8) {
             index = (s->dac_index & 3) + 256;
         } else {
             index = s->dac_index;
         }
         switch (s->dac_state) {
         case 0:
             s->r[index] = val >> 24;
             update_palette_entries(s, index, index + 1);
             s->dac_state++;
             break;
         case 1:
             s->g[index] = val >> 24;
             update_palette_entries(s, index, index + 1);
             s->dac_state++;
             break;
         case 2:
             s->b[index] = val >> 24;
             update_palette_entries(s, index, index + 1);
             s->dac_index = (s->dac_index + 1) & 0xff; /* Index autoincrement */
             /* fall through */
         default:
             s->dac_state = 0;
             break;
         }
         break;
     default: /* Control registers */
         break;
     }
 }

 static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_dac_ops = {
     .read = tcx_dac_readl,
     .write = tcx_dac_writel,
     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
     },
 };

 static uint64_t tcx_stip_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                unsigned size)
 {
     return 0;
 }

 static void tcx_stip_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                             uint64_t val, unsigned size)
 {
     TCXState *s = opaque;
     int i;
     uint32_t col;

     if (!(addr & 4)) {
         s->tmpblit = val;
     } else {
         addr = (addr >> 3) & 0xfffff;
         col = cpu_to_be32(s->tmpblit);
         if (s->depth == 24) {
             for (i = 0; i < 32; i++)  {
                 if (val & 0x80000000) {
                     s->vram[addr + i] = s->tmpblit;
                     s->vram24[addr + i] = col;
                 }
                 val <<= 1;
             }
         } else {
             for (i = 0; i < 32; i++)  {
                 if (val & 0x80000000) {
                     s->vram[addr + i] = s->tmpblit;
                 }
                 val <<= 1;
             }
         }
         tcx_set_dirty(s, addr, 32);
     }
 }

 static void tcx_rstip_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                              uint64_t val, unsigned size)
 {
     TCXState *s = opaque;
     int i;
     uint32_t col;

     if (!(addr & 4)) {
         s->tmpblit = val;
     } else {
         addr = (addr >> 3) & 0xfffff;
         col = cpu_to_be32(s->tmpblit);
         if (s->depth == 24) {
             for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
                 if (val & 0x80000000) {
                     s->vram[addr + i] = s->tmpblit;
                     s->vram24[addr + i] = col;
                     s->cplane[addr + i] = col;
                 }
                 val <<= 1;
             }
         } else {
             for (i = 0; i < 32; i++)  {
                 if (val & 0x80000000) {
                     s->vram[addr + i] = s->tmpblit;
                 }
                 val <<= 1;
             }
         }
         tcx_set_dirty(s, addr, 32);
     }
 }

 static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_stip_ops = {
     .read = tcx_stip_readl,
     .write = tcx_stip_writel,
     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
     .impl = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
     },
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 8,
     },
 };

 static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_rstip_ops = {
     .read = tcx_stip_readl,
     .write = tcx_rstip_writel,
     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
     .impl = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
     },
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 8,
     },
 };

 static uint64_t tcx_blit_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                unsigned size)
 {
     return 0;
 }

 static void tcx_blit_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                             uint64_t val, unsigned size)
 {
     TCXState *s = opaque;
     uint32_t adsr, len;
     int i;

     if (!(addr & 4)) {
         s->tmpblit = val;
     } else {
         addr = (addr >> 3) & 0xfffff;
         adsr = val & 0xffffff;
         len = ((val >> 24) & 0x1f) + 1;
         if (adsr == 0xffffff) {
             memset(&s->vram[addr], s->tmpblit, len);
             if (s->depth == 24) {
                 val = s->tmpblit & 0xffffff;
                 val = cpu_to_be32(val);
                 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                     s->vram24[addr + i] = val;
                 }
             }
         } else {
             memcpy(&s->vram[addr], &s->vram[adsr], len);
             if (s->depth == 24) {
                 memcpy(&s->vram24[addr], &s->vram24[adsr], len * 4);
             }
         }
         tcx_set_dirty(s, addr, len);
     }
 }

 static void tcx_rblit_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                          uint64_t val, unsigned size)
 {
     TCXState *s = opaque;
     uint32_t adsr, len;
     int i;

     if (!(addr & 4)) {
         s->tmpblit = val;
     } else {
         addr = (addr >> 3) & 0xfffff;
         adsr = val & 0xffffff;
         len = ((val >> 24) & 0x1f) + 1;
         if (adsr == 0xffffff) {
             memset(&s->vram[addr], s->tmpblit, len);
             if (s->depth == 24) {
                 val = s->tmpblit & 0xffffff;
                 val = cpu_to_be32(val);
                 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                     s->vram24[addr + i] = val;
                     s->cplane[addr + i] = val;
                 }
             }
         } else {
             memcpy(&s->vram[addr], &s->vram[adsr], len);
             if (s->depth == 24) {
                 memcpy(&s->vram24[addr], &s->vram24[adsr], len * 4);
                 memcpy(&s->cplane[addr], &s->cplane[adsr], len * 4);
             }
         }
         tcx_set_dirty(s, addr, len);
     }
 }

 static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_blit_ops = {
     .read = tcx_blit_readl,
     .write = tcx_blit_writel,
     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
     .impl = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
     },
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 8,
     },
 };

 static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_rblit_ops = {
     .read = tcx_blit_readl,
     .write = tcx_rblit_writel,
     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
     .impl = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
     },
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 8,
     },
 };

 static void tcx_invalidate_cursor_position(TCXState *s)
 {
     int ymin, ymax, start, end;

     /* invalidate only near the cursor */
     ymin = s->cursy;
     if (ymin >= s->height) {
         return;
     }
     ymax = MIN(s->height, ymin + 32);
     start = ymin * 1024;
     end   = ymax * 1024;

     tcx_set_dirty(s, start, end - start);
 }

 static uint64_t tcx_thc_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                             unsigned size)
 {
     TCXState *s = opaque;
     uint64_t val;

     if (addr == TCX_THC_MISC) {
         val = s->thcmisc | 0x02000000;
     } else {
         val = 0;
     }
     return val;
 }

 static void tcx_thc_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                          uint64_t val, unsigned size)
 {
     TCXState *s = opaque;

     if (addr == TCX_THC_CURSXY) {
         tcx_invalidate_cursor_position(s);
         s->cursx = val >> 16;
         s->cursy = val;
         tcx_invalidate_cursor_position(s);
     } else if (addr >= TCX_THC_CURSMASK && addr < TCX_THC_CURSMASK + 128) {
         s->cursmask[(addr - TCX_THC_CURSMASK) >> 2] = val;
         tcx_invalidate_cursor_position(s);
     } else if (addr >= TCX_THC_CURSBITS && addr < TCX_THC_CURSBITS + 128) {
         s->cursbits[(addr - TCX_THC_CURSBITS) >> 2] = val;
         tcx_invalidate_cursor_position(s);
     } else if (addr == TCX_THC_MISC) {
         s->thcmisc = val;
     }

 }

 static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_thc_ops = {
     .read = tcx_thc_readl,
     .write = tcx_thc_writel,
     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
     },
 };

 static uint64_t tcx_dummy_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                             unsigned size)
 {
     return 0;
 }

 static void tcx_dummy_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                          uint64_t val, unsigned size)
 {
 }

 static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_dummy_ops = {
     .read = tcx_dummy_readl,
     .write = tcx_dummy_writel,
     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
     },
 };

 static const GraphicHwOps tcx_ops = {
     .invalidate = tcx_invalidate_display,
     .gfx_update = tcx_update_display,
 };

 static const GraphicHwOps tcx24_ops = {
     .invalidate = tcx24_invalidate_display,
     .gfx_update = tcx24_update_display,
 };

 static void tcx_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
     SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj);
     TCXState *s = TCX(obj);

     memory_region_init_rom_nomigrate(&s->rom, obj, "tcx.prom",
                                      FCODE_MAX_ROM_SIZE, &error_fatal);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->rom);

     /* 2/STIP : Stippler */
     memory_region_init_io(&s->stip, obj, &tcx_stip_ops, s, "tcx.stip",
                           TCX_STIP_NREGS);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->stip);

     /* 3/BLIT : Blitter */
     memory_region_init_io(&s->blit, obj, &tcx_blit_ops, s, "tcx.blit",
                           TCX_BLIT_NREGS);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->blit);

     /* 5/RSTIP : Raw Stippler */
     memory_region_init_io(&s->rstip, obj, &tcx_rstip_ops, s, "tcx.rstip",
                           TCX_RSTIP_NREGS);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->rstip);

     /* 6/RBLIT : Raw Blitter */
     memory_region_init_io(&s->rblit, obj, &tcx_rblit_ops, s, "tcx.rblit",
                           TCX_RBLIT_NREGS);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->rblit);

     /* 7/TEC : ??? */
     memory_region_init_io(&s->tec, obj, &tcx_dummy_ops, s, "tcx.tec",
                           TCX_TEC_NREGS);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->tec);

     /* 8/CMAP : DAC */
     memory_region_init_io(&s->dac, obj, &tcx_dac_ops, s, "tcx.dac",
                           TCX_DAC_NREGS);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->dac);

     /* 9/THC : Cursor */
     memory_region_init_io(&s->thc, obj, &tcx_thc_ops, s, "tcx.thc",
                           TCX_THC_NREGS);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->thc);

     /* 11/DHC : ??? */
     memory_region_init_io(&s->dhc, obj, &tcx_dummy_ops, s, "tcx.dhc",
                           TCX_DHC_NREGS);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->dhc);

     /* 12/ALT : ??? */
     memory_region_init_io(&s->alt, obj, &tcx_dummy_ops, s, "tcx.alt",
                           TCX_ALT_NREGS);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->alt);
 }

 static void tcx_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
     TCXState *s = TCX(dev);
     ram_addr_t vram_offset = 0;
     int size, ret;
     uint8_t *vram_base;
     char *fcode_filename;

     memory_region_init_ram_nomigrate(&s->vram_mem, OBJECT(s), "tcx.vram",
                            s->vram_size * (1 + 4 + 4), &error_fatal);
     vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->vram_mem);
     memory_region_set_log(&s->vram_mem, true, DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);
     vram_base = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&s->vram_mem);

     /* 10/ROM : FCode ROM */
     vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->rom);
     fcode_filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, TCX_ROM_FILE);
     if (fcode_filename) {
         ret = load_image_mr(fcode_filename, &s->rom);
         g_free(fcode_filename);
         if (ret < 0 || ret > FCODE_MAX_ROM_SIZE) {
             warn_report("tcx: could not load prom '%s'", TCX_ROM_FILE);
         }
     }

     /* 0/DFB8 : 8-bit plane */
     s->vram = vram_base;
     size = s->vram_size;
     memory_region_init_alias(&s->vram_8bit, OBJECT(s), "tcx.vram.8bit",
                              &s->vram_mem, vram_offset, size);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->vram_8bit);
     vram_offset += size;
     vram_base += size;

     /* 1/DFB24 : 24bit plane */
     size = s->vram_size * 4;
     s->vram24 = (uint32_t *)vram_base;
     s->vram24_offset = vram_offset;
     memory_region_init_alias(&s->vram_24bit, OBJECT(s), "tcx.vram.24bit",
                              &s->vram_mem, vram_offset, size);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->vram_24bit);
     vram_offset += size;
     vram_base += size;

     /* 4/RDFB32 : Raw Framebuffer */
     size = s->vram_size * 4;
     s->cplane = (uint32_t *)vram_base;
     s->cplane_offset = vram_offset;
     memory_region_init_alias(&s->vram_cplane, OBJECT(s), "tcx.vram.cplane",
                              &s->vram_mem, vram_offset, size);
     sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->vram_cplane);

     /* 9/THC24bits : NetBSD writes here even with 8-bit display: dummy */
     if (s->depth == 8) {
         memory_region_init_io(&s->thc24, OBJECT(s), &tcx_dummy_ops, s,
                               "tcx.thc24", TCX_THC_NREGS);
         sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->thc24);
     }

     sysbus_init_irq(sbd, &s->irq);

     if (s->depth == 8) {
         s->con = graphic_console_init(dev, 0, &tcx_ops, s);
     } else {
         s->con = graphic_console_init(dev, 0, &tcx24_ops, s);
     }
     s->thcmisc = 0;

     qemu_console_resize(s->con, s->width, s->height);
 }

 static const Property tcx_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("vram_size", TCXState, vram_size, -1),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("width",    TCXState, width,     -1),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("height",   TCXState, height,    -1),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("depth",    TCXState, depth,     -1),
 };

 static void tcx_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, const void *data)
 {
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);

     dc->realize = tcx_realizefn;
     device_class_set_legacy_reset(dc, tcx_reset);
     dc->vmsd = &vmstate_tcx;
     device_class_set_props(dc, tcx_properties);
 }

 static const TypeInfo tcx_info = {
     .name          = TYPE_TCX,
     .parent        = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
     .instance_size = sizeof(TCXState),
     .instance_init = tcx_initfn,
     .class_init    = tcx_class_init,
 };

 static void tcx_register_types(void)
 {
     type_register_static(&tcx_info);
 }

 type_init(tcx_register_types)
	/*
	* QEMU TCX Frame buffer
	*
	* Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
	*
	* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
	*
	* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
	* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
	*
	* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
	* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
	* THE SOFTWARE.
	*/

	#include "qemu/osdep.h"
	#include "qemu/datadir.h"
	#include "qapi/error.h"
	#include "ui/console.h"
	#include "ui/pixel_ops.h"
	#include "hw/loader.h"
	#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
	#include "hw/sysbus.h"
	#include "migration/vmstate.h"
	#include "qemu/error-report.h"
	#include "qemu/module.h"
	#include "qom/object.h"

	#define TCX_ROM_FILE "QEMU,tcx.bin"
	#define FCODE_MAX_ROM_SIZE 0x10000

	#define MAXX 1024
	#define MAXY 768
	#define TCX_DAC_NREGS 16
	#define TCX_THC_NREGS 0x1000
	#define TCX_DHC_NREGS 0x4000
	#define TCX_TEC_NREGS 0x1000
	#define TCX_ALT_NREGS 0x8000
	#define TCX_STIP_NREGS 0x800000
	#define TCX_BLIT_NREGS 0x800000
	#define TCX_RSTIP_NREGS 0x800000
	#define TCX_RBLIT_NREGS 0x800000

	#define TCX_THC_MISC 0x818
	#define TCX_THC_CURSXY 0x8fc
	#define TCX_THC_CURSMASK 0x900
	#define TCX_THC_CURSBITS 0x980

	#define TYPE_TCX "sun-tcx"
	OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(TCXState, TCX)

	struct TCXState {
	SysBusDevice parent_obj;

	QemuConsole *con;
	qemu_irq irq;
	uint8_t *vram;
	uint32_t vram24, cplane;
	hwaddr prom_addr;
	MemoryRegion rom;
	MemoryRegion vram_mem;
	MemoryRegion vram_8bit;
	MemoryRegion vram_24bit;
	MemoryRegion stip;
	MemoryRegion blit;
	MemoryRegion vram_cplane;
	MemoryRegion rstip;
	MemoryRegion rblit;
	MemoryRegion tec;
	MemoryRegion dac;
	MemoryRegion thc;
	MemoryRegion dhc;
	MemoryRegion alt;
	MemoryRegion thc24;

	ram_addr_t vram24_offset, cplane_offset;
	uint32_t tmpblit;
	uint32_t vram_size;
	uint32_t palette[260];
	uint8_t r[260], g[260], b[260];
	uint16_t width, height, depth;
	uint8_t dac_index, dac_state;
	uint32_t thcmisc;
	uint32_t cursmask[32];
	uint32_t cursbits[32];
	uint16_t cursx;
	uint16_t cursy;
	};

	static void tcx_set_dirty(TCXState *s, ram_addr_t addr, int len)
	{
	memory_region_set_dirty(&s->vram_mem, addr, len);

	if (s->depth == 24) {
	memory_region_set_dirty(&s->vram_mem, s->vram24_offset + addr * 4,
	len * 4);
	memory_region_set_dirty(&s->vram_mem, s->cplane_offset + addr * 4,
	len * 4);
	}
	}

	static int tcx_check_dirty(TCXState s, DirtyBitmapSnapshot snap,
	ram_addr_t addr, int len)
	{
	int ret;

	ret = memory_region_snapshot_get_dirty(&s->vram_mem, snap, addr, len);

	if (s->depth == 24) {
	ret \|= memory_region_snapshot_get_dirty(&s->vram_mem, snap,
	s->vram24_offset + addr * 4, len * 4);
	ret \|= memory_region_snapshot_get_dirty(&s->vram_mem, snap,
	s->cplane_offset + addr * 4, len * 4);
	}

	return ret;
	}

	static void update_palette_entries(TCXState *s, int start, int end)
	{
	int i;

	for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
	s->palette[i] = rgb_to_pixel32(s->r[i], s->g[i], s->b[i]);
	}
	tcx_set_dirty(s, 0, memory_region_size(&s->vram_mem));
	}

	static void tcx_draw_line32(TCXState s1, uint8_t d,
	const uint8_t *s, int width)
	{
	int x;
	uint8_t val;
	uint32_t p = (uint32_t )d;

	for (x = 0; x < width; x++) {
	val = *s++;
	*p++ = s1->palette[val];
	}
	}

	static void tcx_draw_cursor32(TCXState s1, uint8_t d,
	int y, int width)
	{
	int x, len;
	uint32_t mask, bits;
	uint32_t p = (uint32_t )d;

	y = y - s1->cursy;
	mask = s1->cursmask[y];
	bits = s1->cursbits[y];
	len = MIN(width - s1->cursx, 32);
	p = &p[s1->cursx];
	for (x = 0; x < len; x++) {
	if (mask & 0x80000000) {
	if (bits & 0x80000000) {
	*p = s1->palette[259];
	} else {
	*p = s1->palette[258];
	}
	}
	p++;
	mask <<= 1;
	bits <<= 1;
	}
	}

	/*
	* XXX Could be much more optimal:
	* detect if line/page/whole screen is in 24 bit mode
	*/
	static inline void tcx24_draw_line32(TCXState s1, uint8_t d,
	const uint8_t *s, int width,
	const uint32_t *cplane,
	const uint32_t *s24)
	{
	int x, r, g, b;
	uint8_t val, *p8;
	uint32_t p = (uint32_t )d;
	uint32_t dval;
	for(x = 0; x < width; x++, s++, s24++) {
	if (be32_to_cpu(*cplane) & 0x03000000) {
	/* 24-bit direct, BGR order */
	p8 = (uint8_t *)s24;
	p8++;
	b = *p8++;
	g = *p8++;
	r = *p8;
	dval = rgb_to_pixel32(r, g, b);
	} else {
	/* 8-bit pseudocolor */
	val = *s;
	dval = s1->palette[val];
	}
	*p++ = dval;
	cplane++;
	}
	}

	/* Fixed line length 1024 allows us to do nice tricks not possible on
	VGA... */

	static void tcx_update_display(void *opaque)
	{
	TCXState *ts = opaque;
	DisplaySurface *surface = qemu_console_surface(ts->con);
	ram_addr_t page;
	DirtyBitmapSnapshot *snap = NULL;
	int y, y_start, dd, ds;
	uint8_t d, s;

	assert(surface_bits_per_pixel(surface) == 32);

	page = 0;
	y_start = -1;
	d = surface_data(surface);
	s = ts->vram;
	dd = surface_stride(surface);
	ds = 1024;

	snap = memory_region_snapshot_and_clear_dirty(&ts->vram_mem, 0x0,
	memory_region_size(&ts->vram_mem),
	DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);

	for (y = 0; y < ts->height; y++, page += ds) {
	if (tcx_check_dirty(ts, snap, page, ds)) {
	if (y_start < 0)
	y_start = y;

	tcx_draw_line32(ts, d, s, ts->width);
	if (y >= ts->cursy && y < ts->cursy + 32 && ts->cursx < ts->width) {
	tcx_draw_cursor32(ts, d, y, ts->width);
	}
	} else {
	if (y_start >= 0) {
	/* flush to display */
	dpy_gfx_update(ts->con, 0, y_start,
	ts->width, y - y_start);
	y_start = -1;
	}
	}
	s += ds;
	d += dd;
	}
	if (y_start >= 0) {
	/* flush to display */
	dpy_gfx_update(ts->con, 0, y_start,
	ts->width, y - y_start);
	}
	g_free(snap);
	}

	static void tcx24_update_display(void *opaque)
	{
	TCXState *ts = opaque;
	DisplaySurface *surface = qemu_console_surface(ts->con);
	ram_addr_t page;
	DirtyBitmapSnapshot *snap = NULL;
	int y, y_start, dd, ds;
	uint8_t d, s;
	uint32_t cptr, s24;

	assert(surface_bits_per_pixel(surface) == 32);

	page = 0;
	y_start = -1;
	d = surface_data(surface);
	s = ts->vram;
	s24 = ts->vram24;
	cptr = ts->cplane;
	dd = surface_stride(surface);
	ds = 1024;

	snap = memory_region_snapshot_and_clear_dirty(&ts->vram_mem, 0x0,
	memory_region_size(&ts->vram_mem),
	DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);

	for (y = 0; y < ts->height; y++, page += ds) {
	if (tcx_check_dirty(ts, snap, page, ds)) {
	if (y_start < 0)
	y_start = y;

	tcx24_draw_line32(ts, d, s, ts->width, cptr, s24);
	if (y >= ts->cursy && y < ts->cursy+32 && ts->cursx < ts->width) {
	tcx_draw_cursor32(ts, d, y, ts->width);
	}
	} else {
	if (y_start >= 0) {
	/* flush to display */
	dpy_gfx_update(ts->con, 0, y_start,
	ts->width, y - y_start);
	y_start = -1;
	}
	}
	d += dd;
	s += ds;
	cptr += ds;
	s24 += ds;
	}
	if (y_start >= 0) {
	/* flush to display */
	dpy_gfx_update(ts->con, 0, y_start,
	ts->width, y - y_start);
	}
	g_free(snap);
	}

	static void tcx_invalidate_display(void *opaque)
	{
	TCXState *s = opaque;

	tcx_set_dirty(s, 0, memory_region_size(&s->vram_mem));
	qemu_console_resize(s->con, s->width, s->height);
	}

	static void tcx24_invalidate_display(void *opaque)
	{
	TCXState *s = opaque;

	tcx_set_dirty(s, 0, memory_region_size(&s->vram_mem));
	qemu_console_resize(s->con, s->width, s->height);
	}

	static int vmstate_tcx_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
	{
	TCXState *s = opaque;

	update_palette_entries(s, 0, 256);
	tcx_set_dirty(s, 0, memory_region_size(&s->vram_mem));
	return 0;
	}

	static const VMStateDescription vmstate_tcx = {
	.name ="tcx",
	.version_id = 4,
	.minimum_version_id = 4,
	.post_load = vmstate_tcx_post_load,
	.fields = (const VMStateField[]) {
	VMSTATE_UINT16(height, TCXState),
	VMSTATE_UINT16(width, TCXState),
	VMSTATE_UINT16(depth, TCXState),
	VMSTATE_BUFFER(r, TCXState),
	VMSTATE_BUFFER(g, TCXState),
	VMSTATE_BUFFER(b, TCXState),
	VMSTATE_UINT8(dac_index, TCXState),
	VMSTATE_UINT8(dac_state, TCXState),
	VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
	}
	};

	static void tcx_reset(DeviceState *d)
	{
	TCXState *s = TCX(d);

	/* Initialize palette */
	memset(s->r, 0, 260);
	memset(s->g, 0, 260);
	memset(s->b, 0, 260);
	s->r[255] = s->g[255] = s->b[255] = 255;
	s->r[256] = s->g[256] = s->b[256] = 255;
	s->r[258] = s->g[258] = s->b[258] = 255;
	update_palette_entries(s, 0, 260);
	memset(s->vram, 0, MAXX*MAXY);
	memory_region_reset_dirty(&s->vram_mem, 0, MAXX * MAXY * (1 + 4 + 4),
	DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);
	s->dac_index = 0;
	s->dac_state = 0;
	s->cursx = 0xf000; /* Put cursor off screen */
	s->cursy = 0xf000;
	}

	static uint64_t tcx_dac_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	unsigned size)
	{
	TCXState *s = opaque;
	uint32_t val = 0;

	switch (s->dac_state) {
	case 0:
	val = s->r[s->dac_index] << 24;
	s->dac_state++;
	break;
	case 1:
	val = s->g[s->dac_index] << 24;
	s->dac_state++;
	break;
	case 2:
	val = s->b[s->dac_index] << 24;
	s->dac_index = (s->dac_index + 1) & 0xff; /* Index autoincrement */
	/* fall through */
	default:
	s->dac_state = 0;
	break;
	}

	return val;
	}

	static void tcx_dac_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t val,
	unsigned size)
	{
	TCXState *s = opaque;
	unsigned index;

	switch (addr) {
	case 0: /* Address */
	s->dac_index = val >> 24;
	s->dac_state = 0;
	break;
	case 4: /* Pixel colours */
	case 12: /* Overlay (cursor) colours */
	if (addr & 8) {
	index = (s->dac_index & 3) + 256;
	} else {
	index = s->dac_index;
	}
	switch (s->dac_state) {
	case 0:
	s->r[index] = val >> 24;
	update_palette_entries(s, index, index + 1);
	s->dac_state++;
	break;
	case 1:
	s->g[index] = val >> 24;
	update_palette_entries(s, index, index + 1);
	s->dac_state++;
	break;
	case 2:
	s->b[index] = val >> 24;
	update_palette_entries(s, index, index + 1);
	s->dac_index = (s->dac_index + 1) & 0xff; /* Index autoincrement */
	/* fall through */
	default:
	s->dac_state = 0;
	break;
	}
	break;
	default: /* Control registers */
	break;
	}
	}

	static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_dac_ops = {
	.read = tcx_dac_readl,
	.write = tcx_dac_writel,
	.endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
	.valid = {
	.min_access_size = 4,
	.max_access_size = 4,
	},
	};

	static uint64_t tcx_stip_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	unsigned size)
	{
	return 0;
	}

	static void tcx_stip_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	uint64_t val, unsigned size)
	{
	TCXState *s = opaque;
	int i;
	uint32_t col;

	if (!(addr & 4)) {
	s->tmpblit = val;
	} else {
	addr = (addr >> 3) & 0xfffff;
	col = cpu_to_be32(s->tmpblit);
	if (s->depth == 24) {
	for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
	if (val & 0x80000000) {
	s->vram[addr + i] = s->tmpblit;
	s->vram24[addr + i] = col;
	}
	val <<= 1;
	}
	} else {
	for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
	if (val & 0x80000000) {
	s->vram[addr + i] = s->tmpblit;
	}
	val <<= 1;
	}
	}
	tcx_set_dirty(s, addr, 32);
	}
	}

	static void tcx_rstip_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	uint64_t val, unsigned size)
	{
	TCXState *s = opaque;
	int i;
	uint32_t col;

	if (!(addr & 4)) {
	s->tmpblit = val;
	} else {
	addr = (addr >> 3) & 0xfffff;
	col = cpu_to_be32(s->tmpblit);
	if (s->depth == 24) {
	for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
	if (val & 0x80000000) {
	s->vram[addr + i] = s->tmpblit;
	s->vram24[addr + i] = col;
	s->cplane[addr + i] = col;
	}
	val <<= 1;
	}
	} else {
	for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
	if (val & 0x80000000) {
	s->vram[addr + i] = s->tmpblit;
	}
	val <<= 1;
	}
	}
	tcx_set_dirty(s, addr, 32);
	}
	}

	static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_stip_ops = {
	.read = tcx_stip_readl,
	.write = tcx_stip_writel,
	.endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
	.impl = {
	.min_access_size = 4,
	.max_access_size = 4,
	},
	.valid = {
	.min_access_size = 4,
	.max_access_size = 8,
	},
	};

	static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_rstip_ops = {
	.read = tcx_stip_readl,
	.write = tcx_rstip_writel,
	.endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
	.impl = {
	.min_access_size = 4,
	.max_access_size = 4,
	},
	.valid = {
	.min_access_size = 4,
	.max_access_size = 8,
	},
	};

	static uint64_t tcx_blit_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	unsigned size)
	{
	return 0;
	}

	static void tcx_blit_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	uint64_t val, unsigned size)
	{
	TCXState *s = opaque;
	uint32_t adsr, len;
	int i;

	if (!(addr & 4)) {
	s->tmpblit = val;
	} else {
	addr = (addr >> 3) & 0xfffff;
	adsr = val & 0xffffff;
	len = ((val >> 24) & 0x1f) + 1;
	if (adsr == 0xffffff) {
	memset(&s->vram[addr], s->tmpblit, len);
	if (s->depth == 24) {
	val = s->tmpblit & 0xffffff;
	val = cpu_to_be32(val);
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
	s->vram24[addr + i] = val;
	}
	}
	} else {
	memcpy(&s->vram[addr], &s->vram[adsr], len);
	if (s->depth == 24) {
	memcpy(&s->vram24[addr], &s->vram24[adsr], len * 4);
	}
	}
	tcx_set_dirty(s, addr, len);
	}
	}

	static void tcx_rblit_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	uint64_t val, unsigned size)
	{
	TCXState *s = opaque;
	uint32_t adsr, len;
	int i;

	if (!(addr & 4)) {
	s->tmpblit = val;
	} else {
	addr = (addr >> 3) & 0xfffff;
	adsr = val & 0xffffff;
	len = ((val >> 24) & 0x1f) + 1;
	if (adsr == 0xffffff) {
	memset(&s->vram[addr], s->tmpblit, len);
	if (s->depth == 24) {
	val = s->tmpblit & 0xffffff;
	val = cpu_to_be32(val);
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
	s->vram24[addr + i] = val;
	s->cplane[addr + i] = val;
	}
	}
	} else {
	memcpy(&s->vram[addr], &s->vram[adsr], len);
	if (s->depth == 24) {
	memcpy(&s->vram24[addr], &s->vram24[adsr], len * 4);
	memcpy(&s->cplane[addr], &s->cplane[adsr], len * 4);
	}
	}
	tcx_set_dirty(s, addr, len);
	}
	}

	static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_blit_ops = {
	.read = tcx_blit_readl,
	.write = tcx_blit_writel,
	.endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
	.impl = {
	.min_access_size = 4,
	.max_access_size = 4,
	},
	.valid = {
	.min_access_size = 4,
	.max_access_size = 8,
	},
	};

	static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_rblit_ops = {
	.read = tcx_blit_readl,
	.write = tcx_rblit_writel,
	.endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
	.impl = {
	.min_access_size = 4,
	.max_access_size = 4,
	},
	.valid = {
	.min_access_size = 4,
	.max_access_size = 8,
	},
	};

	static void tcx_invalidate_cursor_position(TCXState *s)
	{
	int ymin, ymax, start, end;

	/* invalidate only near the cursor */
	ymin = s->cursy;
	if (ymin >= s->height) {
	return;
	}
	ymax = MIN(s->height, ymin + 32);
	start = ymin * 1024;
	end = ymax * 1024;

	tcx_set_dirty(s, start, end - start);
	}

	static uint64_t tcx_thc_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	unsigned size)
	{
	TCXState *s = opaque;
	uint64_t val;

	if (addr == TCX_THC_MISC) {
	val = s->thcmisc \| 0x02000000;
	} else {
	val = 0;
	}
	return val;
	}

	static void tcx_thc_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	uint64_t val, unsigned size)
	{
	TCXState *s = opaque;

	if (addr == TCX_THC_CURSXY) {
	tcx_invalidate_cursor_position(s);
	s->cursx = val >> 16;
	s->cursy = val;
	tcx_invalidate_cursor_position(s);
	} else if (addr >= TCX_THC_CURSMASK && addr < TCX_THC_CURSMASK + 128) {
	s->cursmask[(addr - TCX_THC_CURSMASK) >> 2] = val;
	tcx_invalidate_cursor_position(s);
	} else if (addr >= TCX_THC_CURSBITS && addr < TCX_THC_CURSBITS + 128) {
	s->cursbits[(addr - TCX_THC_CURSBITS) >> 2] = val;
	tcx_invalidate_cursor_position(s);
	} else if (addr == TCX_THC_MISC) {
	s->thcmisc = val;
	}

	}

	static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_thc_ops = {
	.read = tcx_thc_readl,
	.write = tcx_thc_writel,
	.endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
	.valid = {
	.min_access_size = 4,
	.max_access_size = 4,
	},
	};

	static uint64_t tcx_dummy_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	unsigned size)
	{
	return 0;
	}

	static void tcx_dummy_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	uint64_t val, unsigned size)
	{
	}

	static const MemoryRegionOps tcx_dummy_ops = {
	.read = tcx_dummy_readl,
	.write = tcx_dummy_writel,
	.endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
	.valid = {
	.min_access_size = 4,
	.max_access_size = 4,
	},
	};

	static const GraphicHwOps tcx_ops = {
	.invalidate = tcx_invalidate_display,
	.gfx_update = tcx_update_display,
	};

	static const GraphicHwOps tcx24_ops = {
	.invalidate = tcx24_invalidate_display,
	.gfx_update = tcx24_update_display,
	};

	static void tcx_initfn(Object *obj)
	{
	SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj);
	TCXState *s = TCX(obj);

	memory_region_init_rom_nomigrate(&s->rom, obj, "tcx.prom",
	FCODE_MAX_ROM_SIZE, &error_fatal);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->rom);

	/* 2/STIP : Stippler */
	memory_region_init_io(&s->stip, obj, &tcx_stip_ops, s, "tcx.stip",
	TCX_STIP_NREGS);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->stip);

	/* 3/BLIT : Blitter */
	memory_region_init_io(&s->blit, obj, &tcx_blit_ops, s, "tcx.blit",
	TCX_BLIT_NREGS);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->blit);

	/* 5/RSTIP : Raw Stippler */
	memory_region_init_io(&s->rstip, obj, &tcx_rstip_ops, s, "tcx.rstip",
	TCX_RSTIP_NREGS);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->rstip);

	/* 6/RBLIT : Raw Blitter */
	memory_region_init_io(&s->rblit, obj, &tcx_rblit_ops, s, "tcx.rblit",
	TCX_RBLIT_NREGS);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->rblit);

	/* 7/TEC : ??? */
	memory_region_init_io(&s->tec, obj, &tcx_dummy_ops, s, "tcx.tec",
	TCX_TEC_NREGS);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->tec);

	/* 8/CMAP : DAC */
	memory_region_init_io(&s->dac, obj, &tcx_dac_ops, s, "tcx.dac",
	TCX_DAC_NREGS);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->dac);

	/* 9/THC : Cursor */
	memory_region_init_io(&s->thc, obj, &tcx_thc_ops, s, "tcx.thc",
	TCX_THC_NREGS);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->thc);

	/* 11/DHC : ??? */
	memory_region_init_io(&s->dhc, obj, &tcx_dummy_ops, s, "tcx.dhc",
	TCX_DHC_NREGS);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->dhc);

	/* 12/ALT : ??? */
	memory_region_init_io(&s->alt, obj, &tcx_dummy_ops, s, "tcx.alt",
	TCX_ALT_NREGS);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->alt);
	}

	static void tcx_realizefn(DeviceState dev, Error *errp)
	{
	SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
	TCXState *s = TCX(dev);
	ram_addr_t vram_offset = 0;
	int size, ret;
	uint8_t *vram_base;
	char *fcode_filename;

	memory_region_init_ram_nomigrate(&s->vram_mem, OBJECT(s), "tcx.vram",
	s->vram_size * (1 + 4 + 4), &error_fatal);
	vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->vram_mem);
	memory_region_set_log(&s->vram_mem, true, DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);
	vram_base = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&s->vram_mem);

	/* 10/ROM : FCode ROM */
	vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->rom);
	fcode_filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, TCX_ROM_FILE);
	if (fcode_filename) {
	ret = load_image_mr(fcode_filename, &s->rom);
	g_free(fcode_filename);
	if (ret < 0 \|\| ret > FCODE_MAX_ROM_SIZE) {
	warn_report("tcx: could not load prom '%s'", TCX_ROM_FILE);
	}
	}

	/* 0/DFB8 : 8-bit plane */
	s->vram = vram_base;
	size = s->vram_size;
	memory_region_init_alias(&s->vram_8bit, OBJECT(s), "tcx.vram.8bit",
	&s->vram_mem, vram_offset, size);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->vram_8bit);
	vram_offset += size;
	vram_base += size;

	/* 1/DFB24 : 24bit plane */
	size = s->vram_size * 4;
	s->vram24 = (uint32_t *)vram_base;
	s->vram24_offset = vram_offset;
	memory_region_init_alias(&s->vram_24bit, OBJECT(s), "tcx.vram.24bit",
	&s->vram_mem, vram_offset, size);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->vram_24bit);
	vram_offset += size;
	vram_base += size;

	/* 4/RDFB32 : Raw Framebuffer */
	size = s->vram_size * 4;
	s->cplane = (uint32_t *)vram_base;
	s->cplane_offset = vram_offset;
	memory_region_init_alias(&s->vram_cplane, OBJECT(s), "tcx.vram.cplane",
	&s->vram_mem, vram_offset, size);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->vram_cplane);

	/* 9/THC24bits : NetBSD writes here even with 8-bit display: dummy */
	if (s->depth == 8) {
	memory_region_init_io(&s->thc24, OBJECT(s), &tcx_dummy_ops, s,
	"tcx.thc24", TCX_THC_NREGS);
	sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->thc24);
	}

	sysbus_init_irq(sbd, &s->irq);

	if (s->depth == 8) {
	s->con = graphic_console_init(dev, 0, &tcx_ops, s);
	} else {
	s->con = graphic_console_init(dev, 0, &tcx24_ops, s);
	}
	s->thcmisc = 0;

	qemu_console_resize(s->con, s->width, s->height);
	}

	static const Property tcx_properties[] = {
	DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("vram_size", TCXState, vram_size, -1),
	DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("width", TCXState, width, -1),
	DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("height", TCXState, height, -1),
	DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("depth", TCXState, depth, -1),
	};

	static void tcx_class_init(ObjectClass klass, const void data)
	{
	DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);

	dc->realize = tcx_realizefn;
	device_class_set_legacy_reset(dc, tcx_reset);
	dc->vmsd = &vmstate_tcx;
	device_class_set_props(dc, tcx_properties);
	}

	static const TypeInfo tcx_info = {
	.name = TYPE_TCX,
	.parent = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
	.instance_size = sizeof(TCXState),
	.instance_init = tcx_initfn,
	.class_init = tcx_class_init,
	};

	static void tcx_register_types(void)
	{
	type_register_static(&tcx_info);
	}

	type_init(tcx_register_types)