audio/dsoundaudio.c - qemu - Git at Google

 /*
  * QEMU DirectSound audio driver
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2005 Vassili Karpov (malc)
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  *
  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  *
  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  * THE SOFTWARE.
  */

 /*
  * SEAL 1.07 by Carlos 'pel' Hasan was used as documentation
  */

 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "audio.h"

 #define AUDIO_CAP "dsound"
 #include "audio_int.h"
 #include "qemu/host-utils.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"

 #include <windows.h>
 #include <mmsystem.h>
 #include <objbase.h>
 #include <dsound.h>

 #include "audio_win_int.h"

 /* #define DEBUG_DSOUND */

 typedef struct {
     LPDIRECTSOUND dsound;
     LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE dsound_capture;
     struct audsettings settings;
     Audiodev *dev;
 } dsound;

 typedef struct {
     HWVoiceOut hw;
     LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsound_buffer;
     bool first_time;
     dsound *s;
 } DSoundVoiceOut;

 typedef struct {
     HWVoiceIn hw;
     LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dsound_capture_buffer;
     bool first_time;
     dsound *s;
 } DSoundVoiceIn;

 static void dsound_log_hresult (HRESULT hr)
 {
     const char *str = "BUG";

     switch (hr) {
     case DS_OK:
         str = "The method succeeded";
         break;
 #ifdef DS_NO_VIRTUALIZATION
     case DS_NO_VIRTUALIZATION:
         str = "The buffer was created, but another 3D algorithm was substituted";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DS_INCOMPLETE
     case DS_INCOMPLETE:
         str = "The method succeeded, but not all the optional effects were obtained";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_ACCESSDENIED
     case DSERR_ACCESSDENIED:
         str = "The request failed because access was denied";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_ALLOCATED
     case DSERR_ALLOCATED:
         str = "The request failed because resources, "
               "such as a priority level, were already in use "
               "by another caller";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED
     case DSERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED:
         str = "The object is already initialized";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_BADFORMAT
     case DSERR_BADFORMAT:
         str = "The specified wave format is not supported";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_BADSENDBUFFERGUID
     case DSERR_BADSENDBUFFERGUID:
         str = "The GUID specified in an audiopath file "
               "does not match a valid mix-in buffer";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_BUFFERLOST
     case DSERR_BUFFERLOST:
         str = "The buffer memory has been lost and must be restored";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL
     case DSERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL:
         str = "The buffer size is not great enough to "
               "enable effects processing";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_CONTROLUNAVAIL
     case DSERR_CONTROLUNAVAIL:
         str = "The buffer control (volume, pan, and so on) "
               "requested by the caller is not available. "
               "Controls must be specified when the buffer is created, "
               "using the dwFlags member of DSBUFFERDESC";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_DS8_REQUIRED
     case DSERR_DS8_REQUIRED:
         str = "A DirectSound object of class CLSID_DirectSound8 or later "
               "is required for the requested functionality. "
               "For more information, see IDirectSound8 Interface";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_FXUNAVAILABLE
     case DSERR_FXUNAVAILABLE:
         str = "The effects requested could not be found on the system, "
               "or they are in the wrong order or in the wrong location; "
               "for example, an effect expected in hardware "
               "was found in software";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_GENERIC
     case DSERR_GENERIC:
         str = "An undetermined error occurred inside the DirectSound subsystem";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_INVALIDCALL
     case DSERR_INVALIDCALL:
         str = "This function is not valid for the current state of this object";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_INVALIDPARAM
     case DSERR_INVALIDPARAM:
         str = "An invalid parameter was passed to the returning function";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_NOAGGREGATION
     case DSERR_NOAGGREGATION:
         str = "The object does not support aggregation";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_NODRIVER
     case DSERR_NODRIVER:
         str = "No sound driver is available for use, "
               "or the given GUID is not a valid DirectSound device ID";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_NOINTERFACE
     case DSERR_NOINTERFACE:
         str = "The requested COM interface is not available";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_OBJECTNOTFOUND
     case DSERR_OBJECTNOTFOUND:
         str = "The requested object was not found";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_OTHERAPPHASPRIO
     case DSERR_OTHERAPPHASPRIO:
         str = "Another application has a higher priority level, "
               "preventing this call from succeeding";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_OUTOFMEMORY
     case DSERR_OUTOFMEMORY:
         str = "The DirectSound subsystem could not allocate "
                "sufficient memory to complete the caller's request";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_PRIOLEVELNEEDED
     case DSERR_PRIOLEVELNEEDED:
         str = "A cooperative level of DSSCL_PRIORITY or higher is required";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_SENDLOOP
     case DSERR_SENDLOOP:
         str = "A circular loop of send effects was detected";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_UNINITIALIZED
     case DSERR_UNINITIALIZED:
         str = "The Initialize method has not been called "
               "or has not been called successfully "
               "before other methods were called";
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_UNSUPPORTED
     case DSERR_UNSUPPORTED:
         str = "The function called is not supported at this time";
         break;
 #endif
     default:
         AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: Unknown (HRESULT 0x%lx)\n", hr);
         return;
     }

     AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: %s\n", str);
 }

 static void G_GNUC_PRINTF (2, 3) dsound_logerr (
     HRESULT hr,
     const char *fmt,
     ...
     )
 {
     va_list ap;

     va_start (ap, fmt);
     AUD_vlog (AUDIO_CAP, fmt, ap);
     va_end (ap);

     dsound_log_hresult (hr);
 }

 static void G_GNUC_PRINTF (3, 4) dsound_logerr2 (
     HRESULT hr,
     const char *typ,
     const char *fmt,
     ...
     )
 {
     va_list ap;

     AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Could not initialize %s\n", typ);
     va_start (ap, fmt);
     AUD_vlog (AUDIO_CAP, fmt, ap);
     va_end (ap);

     dsound_log_hresult (hr);
 }

 #ifdef DEBUG_DSOUND
 static void print_wave_format (WAVEFORMATEX *wfx)
 {
     dolog ("tag             = %d\n", wfx->wFormatTag);
     dolog ("nChannels       = %d\n", wfx->nChannels);
     dolog ("nSamplesPerSec  = %ld\n", wfx->nSamplesPerSec);
     dolog ("nAvgBytesPerSec = %ld\n", wfx->nAvgBytesPerSec);
     dolog ("nBlockAlign     = %d\n", wfx->nBlockAlign);
     dolog ("wBitsPerSample  = %d\n", wfx->wBitsPerSample);
     dolog ("cbSize          = %d\n", wfx->cbSize);
 }
 #endif

 static int dsound_restore_out (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb, dsound *s)
 {
     HRESULT hr;

     hr = IDirectSoundBuffer_Restore (dsb);

     if (hr != DS_OK) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not restore playback buffer\n");
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }

 #include "dsound_template.h"
 #define DSBTYPE_IN
 #include "dsound_template.h"
 #undef DSBTYPE_IN

 static int dsound_get_status_out (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb, DWORD *statusp,
                                   dsound *s)
 {
     HRESULT hr;

     hr = IDirectSoundBuffer_GetStatus (dsb, statusp);
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not get playback buffer status\n");
         return -1;
     }

     if (*statusp & DSBSTATUS_BUFFERLOST) {
         dsound_restore_out(dsb, s);
         return -1;
     }

     return 0;
 }

 static int dsound_get_status_in (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dscb,
                                  DWORD *statusp)
 {
     HRESULT hr;

     hr = IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_GetStatus (dscb, statusp);
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not get capture buffer status\n");
         return -1;
     }

     return 0;
 }

 static void dsound_clear_sample (HWVoiceOut *hw, LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb,
                                  dsound *s)
 {
     int err;
     LPVOID p1, p2;
     DWORD blen1, blen2, len1, len2;

     err = dsound_lock_out (
         dsb,
         &hw->info,
         0,
         hw->size_emul,
         &p1, &p2,
         &blen1, &blen2,
         1,
         s
         );
     if (err) {
         return;
     }

     len1 = blen1 / hw->info.bytes_per_frame;
     len2 = blen2 / hw->info.bytes_per_frame;

 #ifdef DEBUG_DSOUND
     dolog ("clear %p,%ld,%ld %p,%ld,%ld\n",
            p1, blen1, len1,
            p2, blen2, len2);
 #endif

     if (p1 && len1) {
         audio_pcm_info_clear_buf (&hw->info, p1, len1);
     }

     if (p2 && len2) {
         audio_pcm_info_clear_buf (&hw->info, p2, len2);
     }

     dsound_unlock_out (dsb, p1, p2, blen1, blen2);
 }

 static int dsound_set_cooperative_level(dsound *s)
 {
     HRESULT hr;
     HWND hwnd;

     hwnd = GetDesktopWindow();
     hr = IDirectSound_SetCooperativeLevel (
         s->dsound,
         hwnd,
         DSSCL_PRIORITY
         );

     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not set cooperative level for window %p\n",
                        hwnd);
         return -1;
     }

     return 0;
 }

 static void dsound_enable_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, bool enable)
 {
     HRESULT hr;
     DWORD status;
     DSoundVoiceOut *ds = (DSoundVoiceOut *) hw;
     LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb = ds->dsound_buffer;
     dsound *s = ds->s;

     if (!dsb) {
         dolog ("Attempt to control voice without a buffer\n");
         return;
     }

     if (enable) {
         if (dsound_get_status_out (dsb, &status, s)) {
             return;
         }

         if (status & DSBSTATUS_PLAYING) {
             dolog ("warning: Voice is already playing\n");
             return;
         }

         dsound_clear_sample (hw, dsb, s);

         hr = IDirectSoundBuffer_Play (dsb, 0, 0, DSBPLAY_LOOPING);
         if (FAILED (hr)) {
             dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not start playing buffer\n");
             return;
         }
     } else {
         if (dsound_get_status_out (dsb, &status, s)) {
             return;
         }

         if (status & DSBSTATUS_PLAYING) {
             hr = IDirectSoundBuffer_Stop (dsb);
             if (FAILED (hr)) {
                 dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not stop playing buffer\n");
                 return;
             }
         } else {
             dolog ("warning: Voice is not playing\n");
         }
     }
 }

 static size_t dsound_buffer_get_free(HWVoiceOut *hw)
 {
     DSoundVoiceOut *ds = (DSoundVoiceOut *) hw;
     LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb = ds->dsound_buffer;
     HRESULT hr;
     DWORD ppos, wpos;

     hr = IDirectSoundBuffer_GetCurrentPosition(
         dsb, &ppos, ds->first_time ? &wpos : NULL);
     if (FAILED(hr)) {
         dsound_logerr(hr, "Could not get playback buffer position\n");
         return 0;
     }

     if (ds->first_time) {
         hw->pos_emul = wpos;
         ds->first_time = false;
     }

     return audio_ring_dist(ppos, hw->pos_emul, hw->size_emul);
 }

 static void *dsound_get_buffer_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, size_t *size)
 {
     DSoundVoiceOut *ds = (DSoundVoiceOut *)hw;
     LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb = ds->dsound_buffer;
     DWORD act_size;
     size_t req_size;
     int err;
     void *ret;

     req_size = MIN(*size, hw->size_emul - hw->pos_emul);
     assert(req_size > 0);

     err = dsound_lock_out(dsb, &hw->info, hw->pos_emul, req_size, &ret, NULL,
                           &act_size, NULL, false, ds->s);
     if (err) {
         dolog("Failed to lock buffer\n");
         *size = 0;
         return NULL;
     }

     *size = act_size;
     return ret;
 }

 static size_t dsound_put_buffer_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, void *buf, size_t len)
 {
     DSoundVoiceOut *ds = (DSoundVoiceOut *) hw;
     LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb = ds->dsound_buffer;
     int err = dsound_unlock_out(dsb, buf, NULL, len, 0);

     if (err) {
         dolog("Failed to unlock buffer!!\n");
         return 0;
     }
     hw->pos_emul = (hw->pos_emul + len) % hw->size_emul;

     return len;
 }

 static void dsound_enable_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, bool enable)
 {
     HRESULT hr;
     DWORD status;
     DSoundVoiceIn *ds = (DSoundVoiceIn *) hw;
     LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dscb = ds->dsound_capture_buffer;

     if (!dscb) {
         dolog ("Attempt to control capture voice without a buffer\n");
         return;
     }

     if (enable) {
         if (dsound_get_status_in (dscb, &status)) {
             return;
         }

         if (status & DSCBSTATUS_CAPTURING) {
             dolog ("warning: Voice is already capturing\n");
             return;
         }

         /* clear ?? */

         hr = IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Start (dscb, DSCBSTART_LOOPING);
         if (FAILED (hr)) {
             dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not start capturing\n");
             return;
         }
     } else {
         if (dsound_get_status_in (dscb, &status)) {
             return;
         }

         if (status & DSCBSTATUS_CAPTURING) {
             hr = IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Stop (dscb);
             if (FAILED (hr)) {
                 dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not stop capturing\n");
                 return;
             }
         } else {
             dolog ("warning: Voice is not capturing\n");
         }
     }
 }

 static void *dsound_get_buffer_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, size_t *size)
 {
     DSoundVoiceIn *ds = (DSoundVoiceIn *) hw;
     LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dscb = ds->dsound_capture_buffer;
     HRESULT hr;
     DWORD rpos, act_size;
     size_t req_size;
     int err;
     void *ret;

     hr = IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_GetCurrentPosition(dscb, NULL, &rpos);
     if (FAILED(hr)) {
         dsound_logerr(hr, "Could not get capture buffer position\n");
         *size = 0;
         return NULL;
     }

     if (ds->first_time) {
         hw->pos_emul = rpos;
         ds->first_time = false;
     }

     req_size = audio_ring_dist(rpos, hw->pos_emul, hw->size_emul);
     req_size = MIN(*size, MIN(req_size, hw->size_emul - hw->pos_emul));

     if (req_size == 0) {
         *size = 0;
         return NULL;
     }

     err = dsound_lock_in(dscb, &hw->info, hw->pos_emul, req_size, &ret, NULL,
                          &act_size, NULL, false, ds->s);
     if (err) {
         dolog("Failed to lock buffer\n");
         *size = 0;
         return NULL;
     }

     *size = act_size;
     return ret;
 }

 static void dsound_put_buffer_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, void *buf, size_t len)
 {
     DSoundVoiceIn *ds = (DSoundVoiceIn *) hw;
     LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dscb = ds->dsound_capture_buffer;
     int err = dsound_unlock_in(dscb, buf, NULL, len, 0);

     if (err) {
         dolog("Failed to unlock buffer!!\n");
         return;
     }
     hw->pos_emul = (hw->pos_emul + len) % hw->size_emul;
 }

 static void dsound_audio_fini (void *opaque)
 {
     HRESULT hr;
     dsound *s = opaque;

     if (!s->dsound) {
         g_free(s);
         return;
     }

     hr = IDirectSound_Release (s->dsound);
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not release DirectSound\n");
     }
     s->dsound = NULL;

     if (!s->dsound_capture) {
         g_free(s);
         return;
     }

     hr = IDirectSoundCapture_Release (s->dsound_capture);
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not release DirectSoundCapture\n");
     }
     s->dsound_capture = NULL;

     g_free(s);
 }

 static void *dsound_audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     int err;
     HRESULT hr;
     dsound *s = g_new0(dsound, 1);
     AudiodevDsoundOptions *dso;

     assert(dev->driver == AUDIODEV_DRIVER_DSOUND);
     s->dev = dev;
     dso = &dev->u.dsound;

     if (!dso->has_latency) {
         dso->has_latency = true;
         dso->latency = 10000; /* 10 ms */
     }

     hr = CoInitialize (NULL);
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not initialize COM\n");
         g_free(s);
         return NULL;
     }

     hr = CoCreateInstance (
         &CLSID_DirectSound,
         NULL,
         CLSCTX_ALL,
         &IID_IDirectSound,
         (void **) &s->dsound
         );
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not create DirectSound instance\n");
         g_free(s);
         return NULL;
     }

     hr = IDirectSound_Initialize (s->dsound, NULL);
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not initialize DirectSound\n");

         hr = IDirectSound_Release (s->dsound);
         if (FAILED (hr)) {
             dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not release DirectSound\n");
         }
         g_free(s);
         return NULL;
     }

     hr = CoCreateInstance (
         &CLSID_DirectSoundCapture,
         NULL,
         CLSCTX_ALL,
         &IID_IDirectSoundCapture,
         (void **) &s->dsound_capture
         );
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not create DirectSoundCapture instance\n");
     } else {
         hr = IDirectSoundCapture_Initialize (s->dsound_capture, NULL);
         if (FAILED (hr)) {
             dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not initialize DirectSoundCapture\n");

             hr = IDirectSoundCapture_Release (s->dsound_capture);
             if (FAILED (hr)) {
                 dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not release DirectSoundCapture\n");
             }
             s->dsound_capture = NULL;
         }
     }

     err = dsound_set_cooperative_level(s);
     if (err) {
         dsound_audio_fini (s);
         return NULL;
     }

     return s;
 }

 static struct audio_pcm_ops dsound_pcm_ops = {
     .init_out = dsound_init_out,
     .fini_out = dsound_fini_out,
     .write    = audio_generic_write,
     .buffer_get_free = dsound_buffer_get_free,
     .get_buffer_out = dsound_get_buffer_out,
     .put_buffer_out = dsound_put_buffer_out,
     .enable_out = dsound_enable_out,

     .init_in  = dsound_init_in,
     .fini_in  = dsound_fini_in,
     .read     = audio_generic_read,
     .get_buffer_in = dsound_get_buffer_in,
     .put_buffer_in = dsound_put_buffer_in,
     .enable_in = dsound_enable_in,
 };

 static struct audio_driver dsound_audio_driver = {
     .name           = "dsound",
     .descr          = "DirectSound http://wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectSound",
     .init           = dsound_audio_init,
     .fini           = dsound_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &dsound_pcm_ops,
     .max_voices_out = INT_MAX,
     .max_voices_in  = 1,
     .voice_size_out = sizeof (DSoundVoiceOut),
     .voice_size_in  = sizeof (DSoundVoiceIn)
 };

 static void register_audio_dsound(void)
 {
     audio_driver_register(&dsound_audio_driver);
 }
 type_init(register_audio_dsound);
	/*
	* QEMU DirectSound audio driver
	*
	* Copyright (c) 2005 Vassili Karpov (malc)
	*
	* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
	*
	* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
	* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
	*
	* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
	* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
	* THE SOFTWARE.
	*/

	/*
	* SEAL 1.07 by Carlos 'pel' Hasan was used as documentation
	*/

	#include "qemu/osdep.h"
	#include "audio.h"

	#define AUDIO_CAP "dsound"
	#include "audio_int.h"
	#include "qemu/host-utils.h"
	#include "qemu/module.h"

	#include <windows.h>
	#include <mmsystem.h>
	#include <objbase.h>
	#include <dsound.h>

	#include "audio_win_int.h"

	/* #define DEBUG_DSOUND */

	typedef struct {
	LPDIRECTSOUND dsound;
	LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE dsound_capture;
	struct audsettings settings;
	Audiodev *dev;
	} dsound;

	typedef struct {
	HWVoiceOut hw;
	LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsound_buffer;
	bool first_time;
	dsound *s;
	} DSoundVoiceOut;

	typedef struct {
	HWVoiceIn hw;
	LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dsound_capture_buffer;
	bool first_time;
	dsound *s;
	} DSoundVoiceIn;

	static void dsound_log_hresult (HRESULT hr)
	{
	const char *str = "BUG";

	switch (hr) {
	case DS_OK:
	str = "The method succeeded";
	break;
	#ifdef DS_NO_VIRTUALIZATION
	case DS_NO_VIRTUALIZATION:
	str = "The buffer was created, but another 3D algorithm was substituted";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DS_INCOMPLETE
	case DS_INCOMPLETE:
	str = "The method succeeded, but not all the optional effects were obtained";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_ACCESSDENIED
	case DSERR_ACCESSDENIED:
	str = "The request failed because access was denied";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_ALLOCATED
	case DSERR_ALLOCATED:
	str = "The request failed because resources, "
	"such as a priority level, were already in use "
	"by another caller";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED
	case DSERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED:
	str = "The object is already initialized";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_BADFORMAT
	case DSERR_BADFORMAT:
	str = "The specified wave format is not supported";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_BADSENDBUFFERGUID
	case DSERR_BADSENDBUFFERGUID:
	str = "The GUID specified in an audiopath file "
	"does not match a valid mix-in buffer";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_BUFFERLOST
	case DSERR_BUFFERLOST:
	str = "The buffer memory has been lost and must be restored";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL
	case DSERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL:
	str = "The buffer size is not great enough to "
	"enable effects processing";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_CONTROLUNAVAIL
	case DSERR_CONTROLUNAVAIL:
	str = "The buffer control (volume, pan, and so on) "
	"requested by the caller is not available. "
	"Controls must be specified when the buffer is created, "
	"using the dwFlags member of DSBUFFERDESC";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_DS8_REQUIRED
	case DSERR_DS8_REQUIRED:
	str = "A DirectSound object of class CLSID_DirectSound8 or later "
	"is required for the requested functionality. "
	"For more information, see IDirectSound8 Interface";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_FXUNAVAILABLE
	case DSERR_FXUNAVAILABLE:
	str = "The effects requested could not be found on the system, "
	"or they are in the wrong order or in the wrong location; "
	"for example, an effect expected in hardware "
	"was found in software";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_GENERIC
	case DSERR_GENERIC:
	str = "An undetermined error occurred inside the DirectSound subsystem";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_INVALIDCALL
	case DSERR_INVALIDCALL:
	str = "This function is not valid for the current state of this object";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_INVALIDPARAM
	case DSERR_INVALIDPARAM:
	str = "An invalid parameter was passed to the returning function";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_NOAGGREGATION
	case DSERR_NOAGGREGATION:
	str = "The object does not support aggregation";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_NODRIVER
	case DSERR_NODRIVER:
	str = "No sound driver is available for use, "
	"or the given GUID is not a valid DirectSound device ID";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_NOINTERFACE
	case DSERR_NOINTERFACE:
	str = "The requested COM interface is not available";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_OBJECTNOTFOUND
	case DSERR_OBJECTNOTFOUND:
	str = "The requested object was not found";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_OTHERAPPHASPRIO
	case DSERR_OTHERAPPHASPRIO:
	str = "Another application has a higher priority level, "
	"preventing this call from succeeding";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_OUTOFMEMORY
	case DSERR_OUTOFMEMORY:
	str = "The DirectSound subsystem could not allocate "
	"sufficient memory to complete the caller's request";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_PRIOLEVELNEEDED
	case DSERR_PRIOLEVELNEEDED:
	str = "A cooperative level of DSSCL_PRIORITY or higher is required";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_SENDLOOP
	case DSERR_SENDLOOP:
	str = "A circular loop of send effects was detected";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_UNINITIALIZED
	case DSERR_UNINITIALIZED:
	str = "The Initialize method has not been called "
	"or has not been called successfully "
	"before other methods were called";
	break;
	#endif
	#ifdef DSERR_UNSUPPORTED
	case DSERR_UNSUPPORTED:
	str = "The function called is not supported at this time";
	break;
	#endif
	default:
	AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: Unknown (HRESULT 0x%lx)\n", hr);
	return;
	}

	AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: %s\n", str);
	}

	static void G_GNUC_PRINTF (2, 3) dsound_logerr (
	HRESULT hr,
	const char *fmt,
	...
	)
	{
	va_list ap;

	va_start (ap, fmt);
	AUD_vlog (AUDIO_CAP, fmt, ap);
	va_end (ap);

	dsound_log_hresult (hr);
	}

	static void G_GNUC_PRINTF (3, 4) dsound_logerr2 (
	HRESULT hr,
	const char *typ,
	const char *fmt,
	...
	)
	{
	va_list ap;

	AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Could not initialize %s\n", typ);
	va_start (ap, fmt);
	AUD_vlog (AUDIO_CAP, fmt, ap);
	va_end (ap);

	dsound_log_hresult (hr);
	}

	#ifdef DEBUG_DSOUND
	static void print_wave_format (WAVEFORMATEX *wfx)
	{
	dolog ("tag = %d\n", wfx->wFormatTag);
	dolog ("nChannels = %d\n", wfx->nChannels);
	dolog ("nSamplesPerSec = %ld\n", wfx->nSamplesPerSec);
	dolog ("nAvgBytesPerSec = %ld\n", wfx->nAvgBytesPerSec);
	dolog ("nBlockAlign = %d\n", wfx->nBlockAlign);
	dolog ("wBitsPerSample = %d\n", wfx->wBitsPerSample);
	dolog ("cbSize = %d\n", wfx->cbSize);
	}
	#endif

	static int dsound_restore_out (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb, dsound *s)
	{
	HRESULT hr;

	hr = IDirectSoundBuffer_Restore (dsb);

	if (hr != DS_OK) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not restore playback buffer\n");
	return -1;
	}
	return 0;
	}

	#include "dsound_template.h"
	#define DSBTYPE_IN
	#include "dsound_template.h"
	#undef DSBTYPE_IN

	static int dsound_get_status_out (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb, DWORD *statusp,
	dsound *s)
	{
	HRESULT hr;

	hr = IDirectSoundBuffer_GetStatus (dsb, statusp);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not get playback buffer status\n");
	return -1;
	}

	if (*statusp & DSBSTATUS_BUFFERLOST) {
	dsound_restore_out(dsb, s);
	return -1;
	}

	return 0;
	}

	static int dsound_get_status_in (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dscb,
	DWORD *statusp)
	{
	HRESULT hr;

	hr = IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_GetStatus (dscb, statusp);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not get capture buffer status\n");
	return -1;
	}

	return 0;
	}

	static void dsound_clear_sample (HWVoiceOut *hw, LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb,
	dsound *s)
	{
	int err;
	LPVOID p1, p2;
	DWORD blen1, blen2, len1, len2;

	err = dsound_lock_out (
	dsb,
	&hw->info,
	0,
	hw->size_emul,
	&p1, &p2,
	&blen1, &blen2,
	1,
	s
	);
	if (err) {
	return;
	}

	len1 = blen1 / hw->info.bytes_per_frame;
	len2 = blen2 / hw->info.bytes_per_frame;

	#ifdef DEBUG_DSOUND
	dolog ("clear %p,%ld,%ld %p,%ld,%ld\n",
	p1, blen1, len1,
	p2, blen2, len2);
	#endif

	if (p1 && len1) {
	audio_pcm_info_clear_buf (&hw->info, p1, len1);
	}

	if (p2 && len2) {
	audio_pcm_info_clear_buf (&hw->info, p2, len2);
	}

	dsound_unlock_out (dsb, p1, p2, blen1, blen2);
	}

	static int dsound_set_cooperative_level(dsound *s)
	{
	HRESULT hr;
	HWND hwnd;

	hwnd = GetDesktopWindow();
	hr = IDirectSound_SetCooperativeLevel (
	s->dsound,
	hwnd,
	DSSCL_PRIORITY
	);

	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not set cooperative level for window %p\n",
	hwnd);
	return -1;
	}

	return 0;
	}

	static void dsound_enable_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, bool enable)
	{
	HRESULT hr;
	DWORD status;
	DSoundVoiceOut ds = (DSoundVoiceOut ) hw;
	LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb = ds->dsound_buffer;
	dsound *s = ds->s;

	if (!dsb) {
	dolog ("Attempt to control voice without a buffer\n");
	return;
	}

	if (enable) {
	if (dsound_get_status_out (dsb, &status, s)) {
	return;
	}

	if (status & DSBSTATUS_PLAYING) {
	dolog ("warning: Voice is already playing\n");
	return;
	}

	dsound_clear_sample (hw, dsb, s);

	hr = IDirectSoundBuffer_Play (dsb, 0, 0, DSBPLAY_LOOPING);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not start playing buffer\n");
	return;
	}
	} else {
	if (dsound_get_status_out (dsb, &status, s)) {
	return;
	}

	if (status & DSBSTATUS_PLAYING) {
	hr = IDirectSoundBuffer_Stop (dsb);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not stop playing buffer\n");
	return;
	}
	} else {
	dolog ("warning: Voice is not playing\n");
	}
	}
	}

	static size_t dsound_buffer_get_free(HWVoiceOut *hw)
	{
	DSoundVoiceOut ds = (DSoundVoiceOut ) hw;
	LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb = ds->dsound_buffer;
	HRESULT hr;
	DWORD ppos, wpos;

	hr = IDirectSoundBuffer_GetCurrentPosition(
	dsb, &ppos, ds->first_time ? &wpos : NULL);
	if (FAILED(hr)) {
	dsound_logerr(hr, "Could not get playback buffer position\n");
	return 0;
	}

	if (ds->first_time) {
	hw->pos_emul = wpos;
	ds->first_time = false;
	}

	return audio_ring_dist(ppos, hw->pos_emul, hw->size_emul);
	}

	static void dsound_get_buffer_out(HWVoiceOut hw, size_t *size)
	{
	DSoundVoiceOut ds = (DSoundVoiceOut )hw;
	LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb = ds->dsound_buffer;
	DWORD act_size;
	size_t req_size;
	int err;
	void *ret;

	req_size = MIN(*size, hw->size_emul - hw->pos_emul);
	assert(req_size > 0);

	err = dsound_lock_out(dsb, &hw->info, hw->pos_emul, req_size, &ret, NULL,
	&act_size, NULL, false, ds->s);
	if (err) {
	dolog("Failed to lock buffer\n");
	*size = 0;
	return NULL;
	}

	*size = act_size;
	return ret;
	}

	static size_t dsound_put_buffer_out(HWVoiceOut hw, void buf, size_t len)
	{
	DSoundVoiceOut ds = (DSoundVoiceOut ) hw;
	LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb = ds->dsound_buffer;
	int err = dsound_unlock_out(dsb, buf, NULL, len, 0);

	if (err) {
	dolog("Failed to unlock buffer!!\n");
	return 0;
	}
	hw->pos_emul = (hw->pos_emul + len) % hw->size_emul;

	return len;
	}

	static void dsound_enable_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, bool enable)
	{
	HRESULT hr;
	DWORD status;
	DSoundVoiceIn ds = (DSoundVoiceIn ) hw;
	LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dscb = ds->dsound_capture_buffer;

	if (!dscb) {
	dolog ("Attempt to control capture voice without a buffer\n");
	return;
	}

	if (enable) {
	if (dsound_get_status_in (dscb, &status)) {
	return;
	}

	if (status & DSCBSTATUS_CAPTURING) {
	dolog ("warning: Voice is already capturing\n");
	return;
	}

	/* clear ?? */

	hr = IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Start (dscb, DSCBSTART_LOOPING);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not start capturing\n");
	return;
	}
	} else {
	if (dsound_get_status_in (dscb, &status)) {
	return;
	}

	if (status & DSCBSTATUS_CAPTURING) {
	hr = IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Stop (dscb);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not stop capturing\n");
	return;
	}
	} else {
	dolog ("warning: Voice is not capturing\n");
	}
	}
	}

	static void dsound_get_buffer_in(HWVoiceIn hw, size_t *size)
	{
	DSoundVoiceIn ds = (DSoundVoiceIn ) hw;
	LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dscb = ds->dsound_capture_buffer;
	HRESULT hr;
	DWORD rpos, act_size;
	size_t req_size;
	int err;
	void *ret;

	hr = IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_GetCurrentPosition(dscb, NULL, &rpos);
	if (FAILED(hr)) {
	dsound_logerr(hr, "Could not get capture buffer position\n");
	*size = 0;
	return NULL;
	}

	if (ds->first_time) {
	hw->pos_emul = rpos;
	ds->first_time = false;
	}

	req_size = audio_ring_dist(rpos, hw->pos_emul, hw->size_emul);
	req_size = MIN(*size, MIN(req_size, hw->size_emul - hw->pos_emul));

	if (req_size == 0) {
	*size = 0;
	return NULL;
	}

	err = dsound_lock_in(dscb, &hw->info, hw->pos_emul, req_size, &ret, NULL,
	&act_size, NULL, false, ds->s);
	if (err) {
	dolog("Failed to lock buffer\n");
	*size = 0;
	return NULL;
	}

	*size = act_size;
	return ret;
	}

	static void dsound_put_buffer_in(HWVoiceIn hw, void buf, size_t len)
	{
	DSoundVoiceIn ds = (DSoundVoiceIn ) hw;
	LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dscb = ds->dsound_capture_buffer;
	int err = dsound_unlock_in(dscb, buf, NULL, len, 0);

	if (err) {
	dolog("Failed to unlock buffer!!\n");
	return;
	}
	hw->pos_emul = (hw->pos_emul + len) % hw->size_emul;
	}

	static void dsound_audio_fini (void *opaque)
	{
	HRESULT hr;
	dsound *s = opaque;

	if (!s->dsound) {
	g_free(s);
	return;
	}

	hr = IDirectSound_Release (s->dsound);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not release DirectSound\n");
	}
	s->dsound = NULL;

	if (!s->dsound_capture) {
	g_free(s);
	return;
	}

	hr = IDirectSoundCapture_Release (s->dsound_capture);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not release DirectSoundCapture\n");
	}
	s->dsound_capture = NULL;

	g_free(s);
	}

	static void dsound_audio_init(Audiodev dev, Error **errp)
	{
	int err;
	HRESULT hr;
	dsound *s = g_new0(dsound, 1);
	AudiodevDsoundOptions *dso;

	assert(dev->driver == AUDIODEV_DRIVER_DSOUND);
	s->dev = dev;
	dso = &dev->u.dsound;

	if (!dso->has_latency) {
	dso->has_latency = true;
	dso->latency = 10000; /* 10 ms */
	}

	hr = CoInitialize (NULL);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not initialize COM\n");
	g_free(s);
	return NULL;
	}

	hr = CoCreateInstance (
	&CLSID_DirectSound,
	NULL,
	CLSCTX_ALL,
	&IID_IDirectSound,
	(void **) &s->dsound
	);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not create DirectSound instance\n");
	g_free(s);
	return NULL;
	}

	hr = IDirectSound_Initialize (s->dsound, NULL);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not initialize DirectSound\n");

	hr = IDirectSound_Release (s->dsound);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not release DirectSound\n");
	}
	g_free(s);
	return NULL;
	}

	hr = CoCreateInstance (
	&CLSID_DirectSoundCapture,
	NULL,
	CLSCTX_ALL,
	&IID_IDirectSoundCapture,
	(void **) &s->dsound_capture
	);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not create DirectSoundCapture instance\n");
	} else {
	hr = IDirectSoundCapture_Initialize (s->dsound_capture, NULL);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not initialize DirectSoundCapture\n");

	hr = IDirectSoundCapture_Release (s->dsound_capture);
	if (FAILED (hr)) {
	dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not release DirectSoundCapture\n");
	}
	s->dsound_capture = NULL;
	}
	}

	err = dsound_set_cooperative_level(s);
	if (err) {
	dsound_audio_fini (s);
	return NULL;
	}

	return s;
	}

	static struct audio_pcm_ops dsound_pcm_ops = {
	.init_out = dsound_init_out,
	.fini_out = dsound_fini_out,
	.write = audio_generic_write,
	.buffer_get_free = dsound_buffer_get_free,
	.get_buffer_out = dsound_get_buffer_out,
	.put_buffer_out = dsound_put_buffer_out,
	.enable_out = dsound_enable_out,

	.init_in = dsound_init_in,
	.fini_in = dsound_fini_in,
	.read = audio_generic_read,
	.get_buffer_in = dsound_get_buffer_in,
	.put_buffer_in = dsound_put_buffer_in,
	.enable_in = dsound_enable_in,
	};

	static struct audio_driver dsound_audio_driver = {
	.name = "dsound",
	.descr = "DirectSound http://wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectSound",
	.init = dsound_audio_init,
	.fini = dsound_audio_fini,
	.pcm_ops = &dsound_pcm_ops,
	.max_voices_out = INT_MAX,
	.max_voices_in = 1,
	.voice_size_out = sizeof (DSoundVoiceOut),
	.voice_size_in = sizeof (DSoundVoiceIn)
	};

	static void register_audio_dsound(void)
	{
	audio_driver_register(&dsound_audio_driver);
	}
	type_init(register_audio_dsound);