hw/ppc/sam460ex.c - qemu - Git at Google

 /*
  * QEMU aCube Sam460ex board emulation
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2012 François Revol
  * Copyright (c) 2016-2019 BALATON Zoltan
  *
  * This file is derived from hw/ppc440_bamboo.c,
  * the copyright for that material belongs to the original owners.
  *
  * This work is licensed under the GNU GPL license version 2 or later.
  *
  */

 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/units.h"
 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "hw/boards.h"
 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
 #include "kvm_ppc.h"
 #include "sysemu/device_tree.h"
 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
 #include "hw/loader.h"
 #include "elf.h"
 #include "exec/memory.h"
 #include "ppc440.h"
 #include "hw/pci-host/ppc4xx.h"
 #include "hw/block/flash.h"
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
 #include "hw/char/serial.h"
 #include "hw/i2c/ppc4xx_i2c.h"
 #include "hw/i2c/smbus_eeprom.h"
 #include "hw/ide/pci.h"
 #include "hw/usb/hcd-ehci.h"
 #include "hw/ppc/fdt.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "hw/intc/ppc-uic.h"

 #include <libfdt.h>

 #define BINARY_DEVICE_TREE_FILE "canyonlands.dtb"
 #define UBOOT_FILENAME "u-boot-sam460-20100605.bin"
 /* to extract the official U-Boot bin from the updater: */
 /* dd bs=1 skip=$(($(stat -c '%s' updater/updater-460) - 0x80000)) \
      if=updater/updater-460 of=u-boot-sam460-20100605.bin */

 #define PCIE0_DCRN_BASE 0x100
 #define PCIE1_DCRN_BASE 0x120

 /* from Sam460 U-Boot include/configs/Sam460ex.h */
 #define FLASH_BASE             0xfff00000
 #define FLASH_BASE_H           0x4
 #define FLASH_SIZE             (1 * MiB)
 #define UBOOT_LOAD_BASE        0xfff80000
 #define UBOOT_SIZE             0x00080000
 #define UBOOT_ENTRY            0xfffffffc

 /* from U-Boot */
 #define EPAPR_MAGIC           (0x45504150)
 #define KERNEL_ADDR           0x1000000
 #define FDT_ADDR              0x1800000
 #define RAMDISK_ADDR          0x1900000

 /* Sam460ex IRQ MAP:
    IRQ0  = ETH_INT
    IRQ1  = FPGA_INT
    IRQ2  = PCI_INT (PCIA, PCIB, PCIC, PCIB)
    IRQ3  = FPGA_INT2
    IRQ11 = RTC_INT
    IRQ12 = SM502_INT
 */

 #define CPU_FREQ 1150000000
 #define PLB_FREQ 230000000
 #define OPB_FREQ 115000000
 #define EBC_FREQ 115000000
 #define UART_FREQ 11059200

 struct boot_info {
     uint32_t dt_base;
     uint32_t dt_size;
     uint32_t entry;
 };

 static int sam460ex_load_uboot(void)
 {
     /*
      * This first creates 1MiB of flash memory mapped at the end of
      * the 32-bit address space (0xFFF00000..0xFFFFFFFF).
      *
      * If_PFLASH unit 0 is defined, the flash memory is initialized
      * from that block backend.
      *
      * Else, it's initialized to zero.  And then 512KiB of ROM get
      * mapped on top of its second half (0xFFF80000..0xFFFFFFFF),
      * initialized from u-boot-sam460-20100605.bin.
      *
      * This doesn't smell right.
      *
      * The physical hardware appears to have 512KiB flash memory.
      *
      * TODO Figure out what we really need here, and clean this up.
      */

     DriveInfo *dinfo;

     dinfo = drive_get(IF_PFLASH, 0, 0);
     if (!pflash_cfi01_register(FLASH_BASE | ((hwaddr)FLASH_BASE_H << 32),
                                "sam460ex.flash", FLASH_SIZE,
                                dinfo ? blk_by_legacy_dinfo(dinfo) : NULL,
                                64 * KiB, 1, 0x89, 0x18, 0x0000, 0x0, 1)) {
         error_report("Error registering flash memory");
         /* XXX: return an error instead? */
         exit(1);
     }

     if (!dinfo) {
         /*error_report("No flash image given with the 'pflash' parameter,"
                 " using default u-boot image");*/
         rom_add_file_fixed(UBOOT_FILENAME,
                            UBOOT_LOAD_BASE | ((hwaddr)FLASH_BASE_H << 32),
                            -1);
     }

     return 0;
 }

 static int sam460ex_load_device_tree(MachineState *machine,
                                      hwaddr addr,
                                      hwaddr initrd_base,
                                      hwaddr initrd_size)
 {
     uint32_t mem_reg_property[] = { 0, 0, cpu_to_be32(machine->ram_size) };
     char *filename;
     int fdt_size;
     void *fdt;
     uint32_t tb_freq = CPU_FREQ;
     uint32_t clock_freq = CPU_FREQ;
     int offset;

     filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, BINARY_DEVICE_TREE_FILE);
     if (!filename) {
         error_report("Couldn't find dtb file `%s'", BINARY_DEVICE_TREE_FILE);
         exit(1);
     }
     fdt = load_device_tree(filename, &fdt_size);
     if (!fdt) {
         error_report("Couldn't load dtb file `%s'", filename);
         g_free(filename);
         exit(1);
     }
     g_free(filename);

     /* Manipulate device tree in memory. */

     qemu_fdt_setprop(fdt, "/memory", "reg", mem_reg_property,
                      sizeof(mem_reg_property));

     /* default FDT doesn't have a /chosen node... */
     qemu_fdt_add_subnode(fdt, "/chosen");

     qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/chosen", "linux,initrd-start", initrd_base);

     qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/chosen", "linux,initrd-end",
                           (initrd_base + initrd_size));

     qemu_fdt_setprop_string(fdt, "/chosen", "bootargs",
                             machine->kernel_cmdline);

     /* Copy data from the host device tree into the guest. Since the guest can
      * directly access the timebase without host involvement, we must expose
      * the correct frequencies. */
     if (kvm_enabled()) {
         tb_freq = kvmppc_get_tbfreq();
         clock_freq = kvmppc_get_clockfreq();
     }

     qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/cpus/cpu@0", "clock-frequency",
                               clock_freq);
     qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/cpus/cpu@0", "timebase-frequency",
                               tb_freq);

     /* Remove cpm node if it exists (it is not emulated) */
     offset = fdt_path_offset(fdt, "/cpm");
     if (offset >= 0) {
         _FDT(fdt_nop_node(fdt, offset));
     }

     /* set serial port clocks */
     offset = fdt_node_offset_by_compatible(fdt, -1, "ns16550");
     while (offset >= 0) {
         _FDT(fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, offset, "clock-frequency", UART_FREQ));
         offset = fdt_node_offset_by_compatible(fdt, offset, "ns16550");
     }

     /* some more clocks */
     qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/plb", "clock-frequency",
                               PLB_FREQ);
     qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/plb/opb", "clock-frequency",
                               OPB_FREQ);
     qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/plb/opb/ebc", "clock-frequency",
                               EBC_FREQ);

     rom_add_blob_fixed(BINARY_DEVICE_TREE_FILE, fdt, fdt_size, addr);

     /* Set machine->fdt for 'dumpdtb' QMP/HMP command */
     machine->fdt = fdt;

     return fdt_size;
 }

 /* Create reset TLB entries for BookE, mapping only the flash memory.  */
 static void mmubooke_create_initial_mapping_uboot(CPUPPCState *env)
 {
     ppcemb_tlb_t *tlb = &env->tlb.tlbe[0];

     /* on reset the flash is mapped by a shadow TLB,
      * but since we don't implement them we need to use
      * the same values U-Boot will use to avoid a fault.
      */
     tlb->attr = 0;
     tlb->prot = PAGE_VALID | ((PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE | PAGE_EXEC) << 4);
     tlb->size = 0x10000000; /* up to 0xffffffff  */
     tlb->EPN = 0xf0000000 & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
     tlb->RPN = (0xf0000000 & TARGET_PAGE_MASK) | 0x4;
     tlb->PID = 0;
 }

 /* Create reset TLB entries for BookE, spanning the 32bit addr space.  */
 static void mmubooke_create_initial_mapping(CPUPPCState *env,
                                      target_ulong va,
                                      hwaddr pa)
 {
     ppcemb_tlb_t *tlb = &env->tlb.tlbe[0];

     tlb->attr = 0;
     tlb->prot = PAGE_VALID | ((PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE | PAGE_EXEC) << 4);
     tlb->size = 1 << 31; /* up to 0x80000000  */
     tlb->EPN = va & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
     tlb->RPN = pa & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
     tlb->PID = 0;
 }

 static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
 {
     PowerPCCPU *cpu = opaque;
     CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
     struct boot_info *bi = env->load_info;

     cpu_reset(CPU(cpu));

     /* either we have a kernel to boot or we jump to U-Boot */
     if (bi->entry != UBOOT_ENTRY) {
         env->gpr[1] = (16 * MiB) - 8;
         env->gpr[3] = FDT_ADDR;
         env->nip = bi->entry;

         /* Create a mapping for the kernel.  */
         mmubooke_create_initial_mapping(env, 0, 0);
         env->gpr[6] = tswap32(EPAPR_MAGIC);
         env->gpr[7] = (16 * MiB) - 8; /* bi->ima_size; */

     } else {
         env->nip = UBOOT_ENTRY;
         mmubooke_create_initial_mapping_uboot(env);
     }
 }

 static void sam460ex_init(MachineState *machine)
 {
     MemoryRegion *l2cache_ram = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
     DeviceState *uic[4];
     int i;
     PCIBus *pci_bus;
     USBBus *usb_bus;
     PowerPCCPU *cpu;
     CPUPPCState *env;
     I2CBus *i2c;
     hwaddr entry = UBOOT_ENTRY;
     target_long initrd_size = 0;
     DeviceState *dev;
     SysBusDevice *sbdev;
     struct boot_info *boot_info;
     uint8_t *spd_data;
     int success;

     cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cpu_create(machine->cpu_type));
     env = &cpu->env;
     if (env->mmu_model != POWERPC_MMU_BOOKE) {
         error_report("Only MMU model BookE is supported by this machine.");
         exit(1);
     }

     qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, cpu);
     boot_info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*boot_info));
     env->load_info = boot_info;

     ppc_booke_timers_init(cpu, CPU_FREQ, 0);
     ppc_dcr_init(env, NULL, NULL);

     /* PLB arbitrer */
     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC4xx_PLB);
     ppc4xx_dcr_realize(PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(dev), cpu, &error_fatal);
     object_unref(OBJECT(dev));

     /* interrupt controllers */
     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(uic); i++) {
         /*
          * UICs 1, 2 and 3 are cascaded through UIC 0.
          * input_ints[n] is the interrupt number on UIC 0 which
          * the INT output of UIC n is connected to. The CINT output
          * of UIC n connects to input_ints[n] + 1.
          * The entry in input_ints[] for UIC 0 is ignored, because UIC 0's
          * INT and CINT outputs are connected to the CPU.
          */
         const int input_ints[] = { -1, 30, 10, 16 };

         uic[i] = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC_UIC);
         qdev_prop_set_uint32(uic[i], "dcr-base", 0xc0 + i * 0x10);
         ppc4xx_dcr_realize(PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(uic[i]), cpu, &error_fatal);
         object_unref(OBJECT(uic[i]));

         sbdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(uic[i]);
         if (i == 0) {
             sysbus_connect_irq(sbdev, PPCUIC_OUTPUT_INT,
                              qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(cpu), PPC40x_INPUT_INT));
             sysbus_connect_irq(sbdev, PPCUIC_OUTPUT_CINT,
                              qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(cpu), PPC40x_INPUT_CINT));
         } else {
             sysbus_connect_irq(sbdev, PPCUIC_OUTPUT_INT,
                                qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[0], input_ints[i]));
             sysbus_connect_irq(sbdev, PPCUIC_OUTPUT_CINT,
                                qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[0], input_ints[i] + 1));
         }
     }

     /* SDRAM controller */
     /* The SoC could also handle 4 GiB but firmware does not work with that. */
     if (machine->ram_size > 2 * GiB) {
         error_report("Memory over 2 GiB is not supported");
         exit(1);
     }
     /* Firmware needs at least 64 MiB */
     if (machine->ram_size < 64 * MiB) {
         error_report("Memory below 64 MiB is not supported");
         exit(1);
     }
     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR2);
     object_property_set_link(OBJECT(dev), "dram", OBJECT(machine->ram),
                              &error_abort);
     /*
      * Put all RAM on first bank because board has one slot
      * and firmware only checks that
      */
     object_property_set_int(OBJECT(dev), "nbanks", 1, &error_abort);
     ppc4xx_dcr_realize(PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(dev), cpu, &error_fatal);
     object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
     /* FIXME: does 460EX have ECC interrupts? */
     /* Enable SDRAM memory regions as we may boot without firmware */
     ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_enable(PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR2(dev));

     /* IIC controllers and devices */
     dev = sysbus_create_simple(TYPE_PPC4xx_I2C, 0x4ef600700,
                                qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[0], 2));
     i2c = PPC4xx_I2C(dev)->bus;
     /* SPD EEPROM on RAM module */
     spd_data = spd_data_generate(machine->ram_size < 128 * MiB ? DDR : DDR2,
                                  machine->ram_size);
     spd_data[20] = 4; /* SO-DIMM module */
     smbus_eeprom_init_one(i2c, 0x50, spd_data);
     /* RTC */
     i2c_slave_create_simple(i2c, "m41t80", 0x68);

     dev = sysbus_create_simple(TYPE_PPC4xx_I2C, 0x4ef600800,
                                qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[0], 3));

     /* External bus controller */
     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC4xx_EBC);
     ppc4xx_dcr_realize(PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(dev), cpu, &error_fatal);
     object_unref(OBJECT(dev));

     /* CPR */
     ppc4xx_cpr_init(env);

     /* PLB to AHB bridge */
     ppc4xx_ahb_init(env);

     /* System DCRs */
     ppc4xx_sdr_init(env);

     /* MAL */
     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC4xx_MAL);
     qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "txc-num", 4);
     qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "rxc-num", 16);
     ppc4xx_dcr_realize(PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(dev), cpu, &error_fatal);
     object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
     sbdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(PPC4xx_MAL(dev)->irqs); i++) {
         sysbus_connect_irq(sbdev, i, qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[2], 3 + i));
     }

     /* DMA */
     ppc4xx_dma_init(env, 0x200);

     /* 256K of L2 cache as memory */
     ppc4xx_l2sram_init(env);
     /* FIXME: remove this after fixing l2sram mapping in ppc440_uc.c? */
     memory_region_init_ram(l2cache_ram, NULL, "ppc440.l2cache_ram", 256 * KiB,
                            &error_abort);
     memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), 0x400000000LL,
                                 l2cache_ram);

     /* USB */
     sysbus_create_simple(TYPE_PPC4xx_EHCI, 0x4bffd0400,
                          qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[2], 29));
     dev = qdev_new("sysbus-ohci");
     qdev_prop_set_string(dev, "masterbus", "usb-bus.0");
     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "num-ports", 6);
     sbdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(sbdev, &error_fatal);
     sysbus_mmio_map(sbdev, 0, 0x4bffd0000);
     sysbus_connect_irq(sbdev, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[2], 30));
     usb_bus = USB_BUS(object_resolve_type_unambiguous(TYPE_USB_BUS,
                                                       &error_abort));
     usb_create_simple(usb_bus, "usb-kbd");
     usb_create_simple(usb_bus, "usb-mouse");

     /* PCIe buses */
     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC460EX_PCIE_HOST);
     qdev_prop_set_int32(dev, "busnum", 0);
     qdev_prop_set_int32(dev, "dcrn-base", PCIE0_DCRN_BASE);
     object_property_set_link(OBJECT(dev), "cpu", OBJECT(cpu), &error_abort);
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);

     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC460EX_PCIE_HOST);
     qdev_prop_set_int32(dev, "busnum", 1);
     qdev_prop_set_int32(dev, "dcrn-base", PCIE1_DCRN_BASE);
     object_property_set_link(OBJECT(dev), "cpu", OBJECT(cpu), &error_abort);
     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);

     /* PCI bus */
     /* All PCI irqs are connected to the same UIC pin (cf. UBoot source) */
     dev = sysbus_create_simple(TYPE_PPC440_PCIX_HOST, 0xc0ec00000,
                                qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[1], 0));
     sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 1, 0xc08000000);
     pci_bus = PCI_BUS(qdev_get_child_bus(dev, "pci.0"));

     /* PCI devices */
     pci_create_simple(pci_bus, PCI_DEVFN(6, 0), "sm501");
     /*
      * SoC has a single SATA port but we don't emulate that
      * However, firmware and usual clients have driver for SiI311x
      * PCI SATA card so add one for convenience by default
      */
     if (defaults_enabled()) {
         PCIIDEState *s = PCI_IDE(pci_create_simple(pci_bus, -1, "sii3112"));
         DriveInfo *di;

         di = drive_get_by_index(IF_IDE, 0);
         if (di) {
             ide_bus_create_drive(&s->bus[0], 0, di);
         }
         /* Use index 2 only if 1 does not exist, this allows -cdrom */
         di = drive_get_by_index(IF_IDE, 1) ?: drive_get_by_index(IF_IDE, 2);
         if (di) {
             ide_bus_create_drive(&s->bus[1], 0, di);
         }
     }

     /* SoC has 4 UARTs but board has only one wired and two described in fdt */
     if (serial_hd(0) != NULL) {
         serial_mm_init(get_system_memory(), 0x4ef600300, 0,
                        qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[1], 1),
                        PPC_SERIAL_MM_BAUDBASE, serial_hd(0),
                        DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN);
     }
     if (serial_hd(1) != NULL) {
         serial_mm_init(get_system_memory(), 0x4ef600400, 0,
                        qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[0], 1),
                        PPC_SERIAL_MM_BAUDBASE, serial_hd(1),
                        DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN);
     }

     /* Load U-Boot image. */
     if (!machine->kernel_filename) {
         success = sam460ex_load_uboot();
         if (success < 0) {
             error_report("could not load firmware");
             exit(1);
         }
     }

     /* Load kernel. */
     if (machine->kernel_filename) {
         hwaddr loadaddr = LOAD_UIMAGE_LOADADDR_INVALID;
         success = load_uimage(machine->kernel_filename, &entry, &loadaddr,
                               NULL, NULL, NULL);
         if (success < 0) {
             uint64_t elf_entry;

             success = load_elf(machine->kernel_filename, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                &elf_entry, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                1, PPC_ELF_MACHINE, 0, 0);
             entry = elf_entry;
         }
         /* XXX try again as binary */
         if (success < 0) {
             error_report("could not load kernel '%s'",
                     machine->kernel_filename);
             exit(1);
         }
     }

     /* Load initrd. */
     if (machine->initrd_filename) {
         initrd_size = load_image_targphys(machine->initrd_filename,
                                           RAMDISK_ADDR,
                                           machine->ram_size - RAMDISK_ADDR);
         if (initrd_size < 0) {
             error_report("could not load ram disk '%s' at %x",
                     machine->initrd_filename, RAMDISK_ADDR);
             exit(1);
         }
     }

     /* If we're loading a kernel directly, we must load the device tree too. */
     if (machine->kernel_filename) {
         int dt_size;

         dt_size = sam460ex_load_device_tree(machine, FDT_ADDR,
                                             RAMDISK_ADDR, initrd_size);

         boot_info->dt_base = FDT_ADDR;
         boot_info->dt_size = dt_size;
     }

     boot_info->entry = entry;
 }

 static void sam460ex_machine_init(MachineClass *mc)
 {
     mc->desc = "aCube Sam460ex";
     mc->init = sam460ex_init;
     mc->block_default_type = IF_IDE;
     mc->default_cpu_type = POWERPC_CPU_TYPE_NAME("460exb");
     mc->default_ram_size = 512 * MiB;
     mc->default_ram_id = "ppc4xx.sdram";
 }

 DEFINE_MACHINE("sam460ex", sam460ex_machine_init)
	/*
	* QEMU aCube Sam460ex board emulation
	*
	* Copyright (c) 2012 François Revol
	* Copyright (c) 2016-2019 BALATON Zoltan
	*
	* This file is derived from hw/ppc440_bamboo.c,
	* the copyright for that material belongs to the original owners.
	*
	* This work is licensed under the GNU GPL license version 2 or later.
	*
	*/

	#include "qemu/osdep.h"
	#include "qemu/units.h"
	#include "qemu/datadir.h"
	#include "qemu/error-report.h"
	#include "qapi/error.h"
	#include "hw/boards.h"
	#include "sysemu/kvm.h"
	#include "kvm_ppc.h"
	#include "sysemu/device_tree.h"
	#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
	#include "hw/loader.h"
	#include "elf.h"
	#include "exec/memory.h"
	#include "ppc440.h"
	#include "hw/pci-host/ppc4xx.h"
	#include "hw/block/flash.h"
	#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
	#include "sysemu/reset.h"
	#include "hw/sysbus.h"
	#include "hw/char/serial.h"
	#include "hw/i2c/ppc4xx_i2c.h"
	#include "hw/i2c/smbus_eeprom.h"
	#include "hw/ide/pci.h"
	#include "hw/usb/hcd-ehci.h"
	#include "hw/ppc/fdt.h"
	#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
	#include "hw/intc/ppc-uic.h"

	#include <libfdt.h>

	#define BINARY_DEVICE_TREE_FILE "canyonlands.dtb"
	#define UBOOT_FILENAME "u-boot-sam460-20100605.bin"
	/* to extract the official U-Boot bin from the updater: */
	/* dd bs=1 skip=$(($(stat -c '%s' updater/updater-460) - 0x80000)) \
	if=updater/updater-460 of=u-boot-sam460-20100605.bin */

	#define PCIE0_DCRN_BASE 0x100
	#define PCIE1_DCRN_BASE 0x120

	/* from Sam460 U-Boot include/configs/Sam460ex.h */
	#define FLASH_BASE 0xfff00000
	#define FLASH_BASE_H 0x4
	#define FLASH_SIZE (1 * MiB)
	#define UBOOT_LOAD_BASE 0xfff80000
	#define UBOOT_SIZE 0x00080000
	#define UBOOT_ENTRY 0xfffffffc

	/* from U-Boot */
	#define EPAPR_MAGIC (0x45504150)
	#define KERNEL_ADDR 0x1000000
	#define FDT_ADDR 0x1800000
	#define RAMDISK_ADDR 0x1900000

	/* Sam460ex IRQ MAP:
	IRQ0 = ETH_INT
	IRQ1 = FPGA_INT
	IRQ2 = PCI_INT (PCIA, PCIB, PCIC, PCIB)
	IRQ3 = FPGA_INT2
	IRQ11 = RTC_INT
	IRQ12 = SM502_INT
	*/

	#define CPU_FREQ 1150000000
	#define PLB_FREQ 230000000
	#define OPB_FREQ 115000000
	#define EBC_FREQ 115000000
	#define UART_FREQ 11059200

	struct boot_info {
	uint32_t dt_base;
	uint32_t dt_size;
	uint32_t entry;
	};

	static int sam460ex_load_uboot(void)
	{
	/*
	* This first creates 1MiB of flash memory mapped at the end of
	* the 32-bit address space (0xFFF00000..0xFFFFFFFF).
	*
	* If_PFLASH unit 0 is defined, the flash memory is initialized
	* from that block backend.
	*
	* Else, it's initialized to zero. And then 512KiB of ROM get
	* mapped on top of its second half (0xFFF80000..0xFFFFFFFF),
	* initialized from u-boot-sam460-20100605.bin.
	*
	* This doesn't smell right.
	*
	* The physical hardware appears to have 512KiB flash memory.
	*
	* TODO Figure out what we really need here, and clean this up.
	*/

	DriveInfo *dinfo;

	dinfo = drive_get(IF_PFLASH, 0, 0);
	if (!pflash_cfi01_register(FLASH_BASE \| ((hwaddr)FLASH_BASE_H << 32),
	"sam460ex.flash", FLASH_SIZE,
	dinfo ? blk_by_legacy_dinfo(dinfo) : NULL,
	64 * KiB, 1, 0x89, 0x18, 0x0000, 0x0, 1)) {
	error_report("Error registering flash memory");
	/* XXX: return an error instead? */
	exit(1);
	}

	if (!dinfo) {
	/*error_report("No flash image given with the 'pflash' parameter,"
	" using default u-boot image");*/
	rom_add_file_fixed(UBOOT_FILENAME,
	UBOOT_LOAD_BASE \| ((hwaddr)FLASH_BASE_H << 32),
	-1);
	}

	return 0;
	}

	static int sam460ex_load_device_tree(MachineState *machine,
	hwaddr addr,
	hwaddr initrd_base,
	hwaddr initrd_size)
	{
	uint32_t mem_reg_property[] = { 0, 0, cpu_to_be32(machine->ram_size) };
	char *filename;
	int fdt_size;
	void *fdt;
	uint32_t tb_freq = CPU_FREQ;
	uint32_t clock_freq = CPU_FREQ;
	int offset;

	filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, BINARY_DEVICE_TREE_FILE);
	if (!filename) {
	error_report("Couldn't find dtb file `%s'", BINARY_DEVICE_TREE_FILE);
	exit(1);
	}
	fdt = load_device_tree(filename, &fdt_size);
	if (!fdt) {
	error_report("Couldn't load dtb file `%s'", filename);
	g_free(filename);
	exit(1);
	}
	g_free(filename);

	/* Manipulate device tree in memory. */

	qemu_fdt_setprop(fdt, "/memory", "reg", mem_reg_property,
	sizeof(mem_reg_property));

	/* default FDT doesn't have a /chosen node... */
	qemu_fdt_add_subnode(fdt, "/chosen");

	qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/chosen", "linux,initrd-start", initrd_base);

	qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/chosen", "linux,initrd-end",
	(initrd_base + initrd_size));

	qemu_fdt_setprop_string(fdt, "/chosen", "bootargs",
	machine->kernel_cmdline);

	/* Copy data from the host device tree into the guest. Since the guest can
	* directly access the timebase without host involvement, we must expose
	* the correct frequencies. */
	if (kvm_enabled()) {
	tb_freq = kvmppc_get_tbfreq();
	clock_freq = kvmppc_get_clockfreq();
	}

	qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/cpus/cpu@0", "clock-frequency",
	clock_freq);
	qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/cpus/cpu@0", "timebase-frequency",
	tb_freq);

	/* Remove cpm node if it exists (it is not emulated) */
	offset = fdt_path_offset(fdt, "/cpm");
	if (offset >= 0) {
	_FDT(fdt_nop_node(fdt, offset));
	}

	/* set serial port clocks */
	offset = fdt_node_offset_by_compatible(fdt, -1, "ns16550");
	while (offset >= 0) {
	_FDT(fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, offset, "clock-frequency", UART_FREQ));
	offset = fdt_node_offset_by_compatible(fdt, offset, "ns16550");
	}

	/* some more clocks */
	qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/plb", "clock-frequency",
	PLB_FREQ);
	qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/plb/opb", "clock-frequency",
	OPB_FREQ);
	qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, "/plb/opb/ebc", "clock-frequency",
	EBC_FREQ);

	rom_add_blob_fixed(BINARY_DEVICE_TREE_FILE, fdt, fdt_size, addr);

	/* Set machine->fdt for 'dumpdtb' QMP/HMP command */
	machine->fdt = fdt;

	return fdt_size;
	}

	/* Create reset TLB entries for BookE, mapping only the flash memory. */
	static void mmubooke_create_initial_mapping_uboot(CPUPPCState *env)
	{
	ppcemb_tlb_t *tlb = &env->tlb.tlbe[0];

	/* on reset the flash is mapped by a shadow TLB,
	* but since we don't implement them we need to use
	* the same values U-Boot will use to avoid a fault.
	*/
	tlb->attr = 0;
	tlb->prot = PAGE_VALID \| ((PAGE_READ \| PAGE_WRITE \| PAGE_EXEC) << 4);
	tlb->size = 0x10000000; /* up to 0xffffffff */
	tlb->EPN = 0xf0000000 & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
	tlb->RPN = (0xf0000000 & TARGET_PAGE_MASK) \| 0x4;
	tlb->PID = 0;
	}

	/* Create reset TLB entries for BookE, spanning the 32bit addr space. */
	static void mmubooke_create_initial_mapping(CPUPPCState *env,
	target_ulong va,
	hwaddr pa)
	{
	ppcemb_tlb_t *tlb = &env->tlb.tlbe[0];

	tlb->attr = 0;
	tlb->prot = PAGE_VALID \| ((PAGE_READ \| PAGE_WRITE \| PAGE_EXEC) << 4);
	tlb->size = 1 << 31; /* up to 0x80000000 */
	tlb->EPN = va & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
	tlb->RPN = pa & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
	tlb->PID = 0;
	}

	static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
	{
	PowerPCCPU *cpu = opaque;
	CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
	struct boot_info *bi = env->load_info;

	cpu_reset(CPU(cpu));

	/* either we have a kernel to boot or we jump to U-Boot */
	if (bi->entry != UBOOT_ENTRY) {
	env->gpr[1] = (16 * MiB) - 8;
	env->gpr[3] = FDT_ADDR;
	env->nip = bi->entry;

	/* Create a mapping for the kernel. */
	mmubooke_create_initial_mapping(env, 0, 0);
	env->gpr[6] = tswap32(EPAPR_MAGIC);
	env->gpr[7] = (16 * MiB) - 8; /* bi->ima_size; */

	} else {
	env->nip = UBOOT_ENTRY;
	mmubooke_create_initial_mapping_uboot(env);
	}
	}

	static void sam460ex_init(MachineState *machine)
	{
	MemoryRegion *l2cache_ram = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
	DeviceState *uic[4];
	int i;
	PCIBus *pci_bus;
	USBBus *usb_bus;
	PowerPCCPU *cpu;
	CPUPPCState *env;
	I2CBus *i2c;
	hwaddr entry = UBOOT_ENTRY;
	target_long initrd_size = 0;
	DeviceState *dev;
	SysBusDevice *sbdev;
	struct boot_info *boot_info;
	uint8_t *spd_data;
	int success;

	cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cpu_create(machine->cpu_type));
	env = &cpu->env;
	if (env->mmu_model != POWERPC_MMU_BOOKE) {
	error_report("Only MMU model BookE is supported by this machine.");
	exit(1);
	}

	qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, cpu);
	boot_info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*boot_info));
	env->load_info = boot_info;

	ppc_booke_timers_init(cpu, CPU_FREQ, 0);
	ppc_dcr_init(env, NULL, NULL);

	/* PLB arbitrer */
	dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC4xx_PLB);
	ppc4xx_dcr_realize(PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(dev), cpu, &error_fatal);
	object_unref(OBJECT(dev));

	/* interrupt controllers */
	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(uic); i++) {
	/*
	* UICs 1, 2 and 3 are cascaded through UIC 0.
	* input_ints[n] is the interrupt number on UIC 0 which
	* the INT output of UIC n is connected to. The CINT output
	* of UIC n connects to input_ints[n] + 1.
	* The entry in input_ints[] for UIC 0 is ignored, because UIC 0's
	* INT and CINT outputs are connected to the CPU.
	*/
	const int input_ints[] = { -1, 30, 10, 16 };

	uic[i] = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC_UIC);
	qdev_prop_set_uint32(uic[i], "dcr-base", 0xc0 + i * 0x10);
	ppc4xx_dcr_realize(PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(uic[i]), cpu, &error_fatal);
	object_unref(OBJECT(uic[i]));

	sbdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(uic[i]);
	if (i == 0) {
	sysbus_connect_irq(sbdev, PPCUIC_OUTPUT_INT,
	qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(cpu), PPC40x_INPUT_INT));
	sysbus_connect_irq(sbdev, PPCUIC_OUTPUT_CINT,
	qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(cpu), PPC40x_INPUT_CINT));
	} else {
	sysbus_connect_irq(sbdev, PPCUIC_OUTPUT_INT,
	qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[0], input_ints[i]));
	sysbus_connect_irq(sbdev, PPCUIC_OUTPUT_CINT,
	qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[0], input_ints[i] + 1));
	}
	}

	/* SDRAM controller */
	/* The SoC could also handle 4 GiB but firmware does not work with that. */
	if (machine->ram_size > 2 * GiB) {
	error_report("Memory over 2 GiB is not supported");
	exit(1);
	}
	/* Firmware needs at least 64 MiB */
	if (machine->ram_size < 64 * MiB) {
	error_report("Memory below 64 MiB is not supported");
	exit(1);
	}
	dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR2);
	object_property_set_link(OBJECT(dev), "dram", OBJECT(machine->ram),
	&error_abort);
	/*
	* Put all RAM on first bank because board has one slot
	* and firmware only checks that
	*/
	object_property_set_int(OBJECT(dev), "nbanks", 1, &error_abort);
	ppc4xx_dcr_realize(PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(dev), cpu, &error_fatal);
	object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
	/* FIXME: does 460EX have ECC interrupts? */
	/* Enable SDRAM memory regions as we may boot without firmware */
	ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_enable(PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR2(dev));

	/* IIC controllers and devices */
	dev = sysbus_create_simple(TYPE_PPC4xx_I2C, 0x4ef600700,
	qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[0], 2));
	i2c = PPC4xx_I2C(dev)->bus;
	/* SPD EEPROM on RAM module */
	spd_data = spd_data_generate(machine->ram_size < 128 * MiB ? DDR : DDR2,
	machine->ram_size);
	spd_data[20] = 4; /* SO-DIMM module */
	smbus_eeprom_init_one(i2c, 0x50, spd_data);
	/* RTC */
	i2c_slave_create_simple(i2c, "m41t80", 0x68);

	dev = sysbus_create_simple(TYPE_PPC4xx_I2C, 0x4ef600800,
	qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[0], 3));

	/* External bus controller */
	dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC4xx_EBC);
	ppc4xx_dcr_realize(PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(dev), cpu, &error_fatal);
	object_unref(OBJECT(dev));

	/* CPR */
	ppc4xx_cpr_init(env);

	/* PLB to AHB bridge */
	ppc4xx_ahb_init(env);

	/* System DCRs */
	ppc4xx_sdr_init(env);

	/* MAL */
	dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC4xx_MAL);
	qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "txc-num", 4);
	qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "rxc-num", 16);
	ppc4xx_dcr_realize(PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(dev), cpu, &error_fatal);
	object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
	sbdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(PPC4xx_MAL(dev)->irqs); i++) {
	sysbus_connect_irq(sbdev, i, qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[2], 3 + i));
	}

	/* DMA */
	ppc4xx_dma_init(env, 0x200);

	/* 256K of L2 cache as memory */
	ppc4xx_l2sram_init(env);
	/* FIXME: remove this after fixing l2sram mapping in ppc440_uc.c? */
	memory_region_init_ram(l2cache_ram, NULL, "ppc440.l2cache_ram", 256 * KiB,
	&error_abort);
	memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), 0x400000000LL,
	l2cache_ram);

	/* USB */
	sysbus_create_simple(TYPE_PPC4xx_EHCI, 0x4bffd0400,
	qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[2], 29));
	dev = qdev_new("sysbus-ohci");
	qdev_prop_set_string(dev, "masterbus", "usb-bus.0");
	qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "num-ports", 6);
	sbdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
	sysbus_realize_and_unref(sbdev, &error_fatal);
	sysbus_mmio_map(sbdev, 0, 0x4bffd0000);
	sysbus_connect_irq(sbdev, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[2], 30));
	usb_bus = USB_BUS(object_resolve_type_unambiguous(TYPE_USB_BUS,
	&error_abort));
	usb_create_simple(usb_bus, "usb-kbd");
	usb_create_simple(usb_bus, "usb-mouse");

	/* PCIe buses */
	dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC460EX_PCIE_HOST);
	qdev_prop_set_int32(dev, "busnum", 0);
	qdev_prop_set_int32(dev, "dcrn-base", PCIE0_DCRN_BASE);
	object_property_set_link(OBJECT(dev), "cpu", OBJECT(cpu), &error_abort);
	sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);

	dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PPC460EX_PCIE_HOST);
	qdev_prop_set_int32(dev, "busnum", 1);
	qdev_prop_set_int32(dev, "dcrn-base", PCIE1_DCRN_BASE);
	object_property_set_link(OBJECT(dev), "cpu", OBJECT(cpu), &error_abort);
	sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);

	/* PCI bus */
	/* All PCI irqs are connected to the same UIC pin (cf. UBoot source) */
	dev = sysbus_create_simple(TYPE_PPC440_PCIX_HOST, 0xc0ec00000,
	qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[1], 0));
	sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 1, 0xc08000000);
	pci_bus = PCI_BUS(qdev_get_child_bus(dev, "pci.0"));

	/* PCI devices */
	pci_create_simple(pci_bus, PCI_DEVFN(6, 0), "sm501");
	/*
	* SoC has a single SATA port but we don't emulate that
	* However, firmware and usual clients have driver for SiI311x
	* PCI SATA card so add one for convenience by default
	*/
	if (defaults_enabled()) {
	PCIIDEState *s = PCI_IDE(pci_create_simple(pci_bus, -1, "sii3112"));
	DriveInfo *di;

	di = drive_get_by_index(IF_IDE, 0);
	if (di) {
	ide_bus_create_drive(&s->bus[0], 0, di);
	}
	/* Use index 2 only if 1 does not exist, this allows -cdrom */
	di = drive_get_by_index(IF_IDE, 1) ?: drive_get_by_index(IF_IDE, 2);
	if (di) {
	ide_bus_create_drive(&s->bus[1], 0, di);
	}
	}

	/* SoC has 4 UARTs but board has only one wired and two described in fdt */
	if (serial_hd(0) != NULL) {
	serial_mm_init(get_system_memory(), 0x4ef600300, 0,
	qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[1], 1),
	PPC_SERIAL_MM_BAUDBASE, serial_hd(0),
	DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN);
	}
	if (serial_hd(1) != NULL) {
	serial_mm_init(get_system_memory(), 0x4ef600400, 0,
	qdev_get_gpio_in(uic[0], 1),
	PPC_SERIAL_MM_BAUDBASE, serial_hd(1),
	DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN);
	}

	/* Load U-Boot image. */
	if (!machine->kernel_filename) {
	success = sam460ex_load_uboot();
	if (success < 0) {
	error_report("could not load firmware");
	exit(1);
	}
	}

	/* Load kernel. */
	if (machine->kernel_filename) {
	hwaddr loadaddr = LOAD_UIMAGE_LOADADDR_INVALID;
	success = load_uimage(machine->kernel_filename, &entry, &loadaddr,
	NULL, NULL, NULL);
	if (success < 0) {
	uint64_t elf_entry;

	success = load_elf(machine->kernel_filename, NULL, NULL, NULL,
	&elf_entry, NULL, NULL, NULL,
	1, PPC_ELF_MACHINE, 0, 0);
	entry = elf_entry;
	}
	/* XXX try again as binary */
	if (success < 0) {
	error_report("could not load kernel '%s'",
	machine->kernel_filename);
	exit(1);
	}
	}

	/* Load initrd. */
	if (machine->initrd_filename) {
	initrd_size = load_image_targphys(machine->initrd_filename,
	RAMDISK_ADDR,
	machine->ram_size - RAMDISK_ADDR);
	if (initrd_size < 0) {
	error_report("could not load ram disk '%s' at %x",
	machine->initrd_filename, RAMDISK_ADDR);
	exit(1);
	}
	}

	/* If we're loading a kernel directly, we must load the device tree too. */
	if (machine->kernel_filename) {
	int dt_size;

	dt_size = sam460ex_load_device_tree(machine, FDT_ADDR,
	RAMDISK_ADDR, initrd_size);

	boot_info->dt_base = FDT_ADDR;
	boot_info->dt_size = dt_size;
	}

	boot_info->entry = entry;
	}

	static void sam460ex_machine_init(MachineClass *mc)
	{
	mc->desc = "aCube Sam460ex";
	mc->init = sam460ex_init;
	mc->block_default_type = IF_IDE;
	mc->default_cpu_type = POWERPC_CPU_TYPE_NAME("460exb");
	mc->default_ram_size = 512 * MiB;
	mc->default_ram_id = "ppc4xx.sdram";
	}

	DEFINE_MACHINE("sam460ex", sam460ex_machine_init)