tests/ahci-test.c

/*
 * AHCI test cases
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014 John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */

#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <glib.h>

#include "libqtest.h"
#include "libqos/pci-pc.h"
#include "libqos/malloc-pc.h"

#include "qemu-common.h"
#include "qemu/host-utils.h"

#include "hw/pci/pci_ids.h"
#include "hw/pci/pci_regs.h"

/* Test-specific defines. */
#define TEST_IMAGE_SIZE    (64 * 1024 * 1024)

/*** Supplementary PCI Config Space IDs & Masks ***/
#define PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_Q35_AHCI   (0x2922)
#define PCI_MSI_FLAGS_RESERVED         (0xFF00)
#define PCI_PM_CTRL_RESERVED             (0xFC)
#define PCI_BCC(REG32)          ((REG32) >> 24)
#define PCI_PI(REG32)   (((REG32) >> 8) & 0xFF)
#define PCI_SCC(REG32) (((REG32) >> 16) & 0xFF)

/*** Recognized AHCI Device Types ***/
#define AHCI_INTEL_ICH9 (PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_Q35_AHCI << 16 | \
                         PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL)

/*** Globals ***/
static QGuestAllocator *guest_malloc;
static QPCIBus *pcibus;
static char tmp_path[] = "/tmp/qtest.XXXXXX";
static bool ahci_pedantic;
static uint32_t ahci_fingerprint;

/*** Macro Utilities ***/
#define ASSERT_BIT_SET(data, mask) g_assert_cmphex((data) & (mask), ==, (mask))
#define ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, mask) g_assert_cmphex((data) & (mask), ==, 0)

/*** Function Declarations ***/
static QPCIDevice *get_ahci_device(void);
static QPCIDevice *start_ahci_device(QPCIDevice *dev, void **hba_base);
static void free_ahci_device(QPCIDevice *dev);
static void ahci_test_pci_spec(QPCIDevice *ahci);
static void ahci_test_pci_caps(QPCIDevice *ahci, uint16_t header,
                               uint8_t offset);
static void ahci_test_satacap(QPCIDevice *ahci, uint8_t offset);
static void ahci_test_msicap(QPCIDevice *ahci, uint8_t offset);
static void ahci_test_pmcap(QPCIDevice *ahci, uint8_t offset);

/*** Utilities ***/

/**
 * Locate, verify, and return a handle to the AHCI device.
 */
static QPCIDevice *get_ahci_device(void)
{
    QPCIDevice *ahci;

    pcibus = qpci_init_pc();

    /* Find the AHCI PCI device and verify it's the right one. */
    ahci = qpci_device_find(pcibus, QPCI_DEVFN(0x1F, 0x02));
    g_assert(ahci != NULL);

    ahci_fingerprint = qpci_config_readl(ahci, PCI_VENDOR_ID);

    switch (ahci_fingerprint) {
    case AHCI_INTEL_ICH9:
        break;
    default:
        /* Unknown device. */
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }

    return ahci;
}

static void free_ahci_device(QPCIDevice *ahci)
{
    /* libqos doesn't have a function for this, so free it manually */
    g_free(ahci);

    if (pcibus) {
        qpci_free_pc(pcibus);
        pcibus = NULL;
    }
}

/*** Test Setup & Teardown ***/

/**
 * Launch QEMU with the given command line,
 * and then set up interrupts and our guest malloc interface.
 */
static void qtest_boot(const char *cmdline_fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    char *cmdline;

    va_start(ap, cmdline_fmt);
    cmdline = g_strdup_vprintf(cmdline_fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    qtest_start(cmdline);
    qtest_irq_intercept_in(global_qtest, "ioapic");
    guest_malloc = pc_alloc_init();

    g_free(cmdline);
}

/**
 * Tear down the QEMU instance.
 */
static void qtest_shutdown(void)
{
    g_free(guest_malloc);
    guest_malloc = NULL;
    qtest_end();
}

/**
 * Start a Q35 machine and bookmark a handle to the AHCI device.
 */
static QPCIDevice *ahci_boot(void)
{
    qtest_boot("-drive if=none,id=drive0,file=%s,cache=writeback,serial=%s"
               " -M q35 "
               "-device ide-hd,drive=drive0 "
               "-global ide-hd.ver=%s",
               tmp_path, "testdisk", "version");

    /* Verify that we have an AHCI device present. */
    return get_ahci_device();
}

/**
 * Clean up the PCI device, then terminate the QEMU instance.
 */
static void ahci_shutdown(QPCIDevice *ahci)
{
    free_ahci_device(ahci);
    qtest_shutdown();
}

/*** Logical Device Initialization ***/

/**
 * Start the PCI device and sanity-check default operation.
 */
static void ahci_pci_enable(QPCIDevice *ahci, void **hba_base)
{
    uint8_t reg;

    start_ahci_device(ahci, hba_base);

    switch (ahci_fingerprint) {
    case AHCI_INTEL_ICH9:
        /* ICH9 has a register at PCI 0x92 that
         * acts as a master port enabler mask. */
        reg = qpci_config_readb(ahci, 0x92);
        reg |= 0x3F;
        qpci_config_writeb(ahci, 0x92, reg);
        ASSERT_BIT_SET(qpci_config_readb(ahci, 0x92), 0x3F);
        break;
    }

}

/**
 * Map BAR5/ABAR, and engage the PCI device.
 */
static QPCIDevice *start_ahci_device(QPCIDevice *ahci, void **hba_base)
{
    /* Map AHCI's ABAR (BAR5) */
    *hba_base = qpci_iomap(ahci, 5, NULL);

    /* turns on pci.cmd.iose, pci.cmd.mse and pci.cmd.bme */
    qpci_device_enable(ahci);

    return ahci;
}

/*** Specification Adherence Tests ***/

/**
 * Implementation for test_pci_spec. Ensures PCI configuration space is sane.
 */
static void ahci_test_pci_spec(QPCIDevice *ahci)
{
    uint8_t datab;
    uint16_t data;
    uint32_t datal;

    /* Most of these bits should start cleared until we turn them on. */
    data = qpci_config_readw(ahci, PCI_COMMAND);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_COMMAND_MASTER);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_COMMAND_SPECIAL);     /* Reserved */
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_COMMAND_VGA_PALETTE); /* Reserved */
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_COMMAND_PARITY);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_COMMAND_WAIT);        /* Reserved */
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_COMMAND_SERR);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_COMMAND_FAST_BACK);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, 0xF800);                  /* Reserved */

    data = qpci_config_readw(ahci, PCI_STATUS);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, 0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04);     /* Reserved */
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT);
    ASSERT_BIT_SET(data, PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST);      /* must be set */
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_STATUS_UDF);         /* Reserved */
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_STATUS_PARITY);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_STATUS_SIG_TARGET_ABORT);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_STATUS_REC_TARGET_ABORT);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_STATUS_REC_MASTER_ABORT);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_STATUS_SIG_SYSTEM_ERROR);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(data, PCI_STATUS_DETECTED_PARITY);

    /* RID occupies the low byte, CCs occupy the high three. */
    datal = qpci_config_readl(ahci, PCI_CLASS_REVISION);
    if (ahci_pedantic) {
        /* AHCI 1.3 specifies that at-boot, the RID should reset to 0x00,
         * Though in practice this is likely seldom true. */
        ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(datal, 0xFF);
    }

    /* BCC *must* equal 0x01. */
    g_assert_cmphex(PCI_BCC(datal), ==, 0x01);
    if (PCI_SCC(datal) == 0x01) {
        /* IDE */
        ASSERT_BIT_SET(0x80000000, datal);
        ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(0x60000000, datal);
    } else if (PCI_SCC(datal) == 0x04) {
        /* RAID */
        g_assert_cmphex(PCI_PI(datal), ==, 0);
    } else if (PCI_SCC(datal) == 0x06) {
        /* AHCI */
        g_assert_cmphex(PCI_PI(datal), ==, 0x01);
    } else {
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }

    datab = qpci_config_readb(ahci, PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
    g_assert_cmphex(datab, ==, 0);

    datab = qpci_config_readb(ahci, PCI_LATENCY_TIMER);
    g_assert_cmphex(datab, ==, 0);

    /* Only the bottom 7 bits must be off. */
    datab = qpci_config_readb(ahci, PCI_HEADER_TYPE);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(datab, 0x7F);

    /* BIST is optional, but the low 7 bits must always start off regardless. */
    datab = qpci_config_readb(ahci, PCI_BIST);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(datab, 0x7F);

    /* BARS 0-4 do not have a boot spec, but ABAR/BAR5 must be clean. */
    datal = qpci_config_readl(ahci, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_5);
    g_assert_cmphex(datal, ==, 0);

    qpci_config_writel(ahci, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_5, 0xFFFFFFFF);
    datal = qpci_config_readl(ahci, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_5);
    /* ABAR must be 32-bit, memory mapped, non-prefetchable and
     * must be >= 512 bytes. To that end, bits 0-8 must be off. */
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(datal, 0xFF);

    /* Capability list MUST be present, */
    datal = qpci_config_readl(ahci, PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST);
    /* But these bits are reserved. */
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(datal, ~0xFF);
    g_assert_cmphex(datal, !=, 0);

    /* Check specification adherence for capability extenstions. */
    data = qpci_config_readw(ahci, datal);

    switch (ahci_fingerprint) {
    case AHCI_INTEL_ICH9:
        /* Intel ICH9 Family Datasheet 14.1.19 p.550 */
        g_assert_cmphex((data & 0xFF), ==, PCI_CAP_ID_MSI);
        break;
    default:
        /* AHCI 1.3, Section 2.1.14 -- CAP must point to PMCAP. */
        g_assert_cmphex((data & 0xFF), ==, PCI_CAP_ID_PM);
    }

    ahci_test_pci_caps(ahci, data, (uint8_t)datal);

    /* Reserved. */
    datal = qpci_config_readl(ahci, PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST + 4);
    g_assert_cmphex(datal, ==, 0);

    /* IPIN might vary, but ILINE must be off. */
    datab = qpci_config_readb(ahci, PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE);
    g_assert_cmphex(datab, ==, 0);
}

/**
 * Test PCI capabilities for AHCI specification adherence.
 */
static void ahci_test_pci_caps(QPCIDevice *ahci, uint16_t header,
                               uint8_t offset)
{
    uint8_t cid = header & 0xFF;
    uint8_t next = header >> 8;

    g_test_message("CID: %02x; next: %02x", cid, next);

    switch (cid) {
    case PCI_CAP_ID_PM:
        ahci_test_pmcap(ahci, offset);
        break;
    case PCI_CAP_ID_MSI:
        ahci_test_msicap(ahci, offset);
        break;
    case PCI_CAP_ID_SATA:
        ahci_test_satacap(ahci, offset);
        break;

    default:
        g_test_message("Unknown CAP 0x%02x", cid);
    }

    if (next) {
        ahci_test_pci_caps(ahci, qpci_config_readw(ahci, next), next);
    }
}

/**
 * Test SATA PCI capabilitity for AHCI specification adherence.
 */
static void ahci_test_satacap(QPCIDevice *ahci, uint8_t offset)
{
    uint16_t dataw;
    uint32_t datal;

    g_test_message("Verifying SATACAP");

    /* Assert that the SATACAP version is 1.0, And reserved bits are empty. */
    dataw = qpci_config_readw(ahci, offset + 2);
    g_assert_cmphex(dataw, ==, 0x10);

    /* Grab the SATACR1 register. */
    datal = qpci_config_readw(ahci, offset + 4);

    switch (datal & 0x0F) {
    case 0x04: /* BAR0 */
    case 0x05: /* BAR1 */
    case 0x06:
    case 0x07:
    case 0x08:
    case 0x09: /* BAR5 */
    case 0x0F: /* Immediately following SATACR1 in PCI config space. */
        break;
    default:
        /* Invalid BARLOC for the Index Data Pair. */
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }

    /* Reserved. */
    g_assert_cmphex((datal >> 24), ==, 0x00);
}

/**
 * Test MSI PCI capability for AHCI specification adherence.
 */
static void ahci_test_msicap(QPCIDevice *ahci, uint8_t offset)
{
    uint16_t dataw;
    uint32_t datal;

    g_test_message("Verifying MSICAP");

    dataw = qpci_config_readw(ahci, offset + PCI_MSI_FLAGS);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(dataw, PCI_MSI_FLAGS_ENABLE);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(dataw, PCI_MSI_FLAGS_QSIZE);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(dataw, PCI_MSI_FLAGS_RESERVED);

    datal = qpci_config_readl(ahci, offset + PCI_MSI_ADDRESS_LO);
    g_assert_cmphex(datal, ==, 0);

    if (dataw & PCI_MSI_FLAGS_64BIT) {
        g_test_message("MSICAP is 64bit");
        datal = qpci_config_readl(ahci, offset + PCI_MSI_ADDRESS_HI);
        g_assert_cmphex(datal, ==, 0);
        dataw = qpci_config_readw(ahci, offset + PCI_MSI_DATA_64);
        g_assert_cmphex(dataw, ==, 0);
    } else {
        g_test_message("MSICAP is 32bit");
        dataw = qpci_config_readw(ahci, offset + PCI_MSI_DATA_32);
        g_assert_cmphex(dataw, ==, 0);
    }
}

/**
 * Test Power Management PCI capability for AHCI specification adherence.
 */
static void ahci_test_pmcap(QPCIDevice *ahci, uint8_t offset)
{
    uint16_t dataw;

    g_test_message("Verifying PMCAP");

    dataw = qpci_config_readw(ahci, offset + PCI_PM_PMC);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(dataw, PCI_PM_CAP_PME_CLOCK);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(dataw, PCI_PM_CAP_RESERVED);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(dataw, PCI_PM_CAP_D1);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(dataw, PCI_PM_CAP_D2);

    dataw = qpci_config_readw(ahci, offset + PCI_PM_CTRL);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(dataw, PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(dataw, PCI_PM_CTRL_RESERVED);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(dataw, PCI_PM_CTRL_DATA_SEL_MASK);
    ASSERT_BIT_CLEAR(dataw, PCI_PM_CTRL_DATA_SCALE_MASK);
}

/******************************************************************************/
/* Test Interfaces                                                            */
/******************************************************************************/

/**
 * Basic sanity test to boot a machine, find an AHCI device, and shutdown.
 */
static void test_sanity(void)
{
    QPCIDevice *ahci;
    ahci = ahci_boot();
    ahci_shutdown(ahci);
}

/**
 * Ensure that the PCI configuration space for the AHCI device is in-line with
 * the AHCI 1.3 specification for initial values.
 */
static void test_pci_spec(void)
{
    QPCIDevice *ahci;
    ahci = ahci_boot();
    ahci_test_pci_spec(ahci);
    ahci_shutdown(ahci);
}

/**
 * Engage the PCI AHCI device and sanity check the response.
 * Perform additional PCI config space bringup for the HBA.
 */
static void test_pci_enable(void)
{
    QPCIDevice *ahci;
    void *hba_base;
    ahci = ahci_boot();
    ahci_pci_enable(ahci, &hba_base);
    ahci_shutdown(ahci);
}

/******************************************************************************/

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const char *arch;
    int fd;
    int ret;
    int c;

    static struct option long_options[] = {
        {"pedantic", no_argument, 0, 'p' },
        {0, 0, 0, 0},
    };

    /* Should be first to utilize g_test functionality, So we can see errors. */
    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);

    while (1) {
        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", long_options, NULL);
        if (c == -1) {
            break;
        }
        switch (c) {
        case -1:
            break;
        case 'p':
            ahci_pedantic = 1;
            break;
        default:
            fprintf(stderr, "Unrecognized ahci_test option.\n");
            g_assert_not_reached();
        }
    }

    /* Check architecture */
    arch = qtest_get_arch();
    if (strcmp(arch, "i386") && strcmp(arch, "x86_64")) {
        g_test_message("Skipping test for non-x86");
        return 0;
    }

    /* Create a temporary raw image */
    fd = mkstemp(tmp_path);
    g_assert(fd >= 0);
    ret = ftruncate(fd, TEST_IMAGE_SIZE);
    g_assert(ret == 0);
    close(fd);

    /* Run the tests */
    qtest_add_func("/ahci/sanity",     test_sanity);
    qtest_add_func("/ahci/pci_spec",   test_pci_spec);
    qtest_add_func("/ahci/pci_enable", test_pci_enable);

    ret = g_test_run();

    /* Cleanup */
    unlink(tmp_path);

    return ret;
}