hw/qdev.c - qemu - Git at Google

 /*
  *  Dynamic device configuration and creation.
  *
  *  Copyright (c) 2009 CodeSourcery
  *
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  *
  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */

 /* The theory here is that it should be possible to create a machine without
    knowledge of specific devices.  Historically board init routines have
    passed a bunch of arguments to each device, requiring the board know
    exactly which device it is dealing with.  This file provides an abstract
    API for device configuration and initialization.  Devices will generally
    inherit from a particular bus (e.g. PCI or I2C) rather than
    this API directly.  */

 #include "net.h"
 #include "qdev.h"
 #include "sysemu.h"
 #include "monitor.h"

 static int qdev_hotplug = 0;
 static bool qdev_hot_added = false;
 static bool qdev_hot_removed = false;

 /* This is a nasty hack to allow passing a NULL bus to qdev_create.  */
 static BusState *main_system_bus;

 DeviceInfo *device_info_list;

 static BusState *qbus_find_recursive(BusState *bus, const char *name,
                                      const BusInfo *info);
 static BusState *qbus_find(const char *path);

 /* Register a new device type.  */
 void qdev_register(DeviceInfo *info)
 {
     assert(info->size >= sizeof(DeviceState));
     assert(!info->next);

     info->next = device_info_list;
     device_info_list = info;
 }

 static DeviceInfo *qdev_find_info(BusInfo *bus_info, const char *name)
 {
     DeviceInfo *info;

     /* first check device names */
     for (info = device_info_list; info != NULL; info = info->next) {
         if (bus_info && info->bus_info != bus_info)
             continue;
         if (strcmp(info->name, name) != 0)
             continue;
         return info;
     }

     /* failing that check the aliases */
     for (info = device_info_list; info != NULL; info = info->next) {
         if (bus_info && info->bus_info != bus_info)
             continue;
         if (!info->alias)
             continue;
         if (strcmp(info->alias, name) != 0)
             continue;
         return info;
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 static DeviceState *qdev_create_from_info(BusState *bus, DeviceInfo *info)
 {
     DeviceState *dev;

     assert(bus->info == info->bus_info);
     dev = qemu_mallocz(info->size);
     dev->info = info;
     dev->parent_bus = bus;
     qdev_prop_set_defaults(dev, dev->info->props);
     qdev_prop_set_defaults(dev, dev->parent_bus->info->props);
     qdev_prop_set_globals(dev);
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&bus->children, dev, sibling);
     if (qdev_hotplug) {
         assert(bus->allow_hotplug);
         dev->hotplugged = 1;
         qdev_hot_added = true;
     }
     dev->instance_id_alias = -1;
     dev->state = DEV_STATE_CREATED;
     return dev;
 }

 /* Create a new device.  This only initializes the device state structure
    and allows properties to be set.  qdev_init should be called to
    initialize the actual device emulation.  */
 DeviceState *qdev_create(BusState *bus, const char *name)
 {
     DeviceState *dev;

     dev = qdev_try_create(bus, name);
     if (!dev) {
         hw_error("Unknown device '%s' for bus '%s'\n", name, bus->info->name);
     }

     return dev;
 }

 DeviceState *qdev_try_create(BusState *bus, const char *name)
 {
     DeviceInfo *info;

     if (!bus) {
         bus = sysbus_get_default();
     }

     info = qdev_find_info(bus->info, name);
     if (!info) {
         return NULL;
     }

     return qdev_create_from_info(bus, info);
 }

 static void qdev_print_devinfo(DeviceInfo *info)
 {
     error_printf("name \"%s\", bus %s",
                  info->name, info->bus_info->name);
     if (info->alias) {
         error_printf(", alias \"%s\"", info->alias);
     }
     if (info->desc) {
         error_printf(", desc \"%s\"", info->desc);
     }
     if (info->no_user) {
         error_printf(", no-user");
     }
     error_printf("\n");
 }

 static int set_property(const char *name, const char *value, void *opaque)
 {
     DeviceState *dev = opaque;

     if (strcmp(name, "driver") == 0)
         return 0;
     if (strcmp(name, "bus") == 0)
         return 0;

     if (qdev_prop_parse(dev, name, value) == -1) {
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }

 int qdev_device_help(QemuOpts *opts)
 {
     const char *driver;
     DeviceInfo *info;
     Property *prop;

     driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
     if (driver && !strcmp(driver, "?")) {
         for (info = device_info_list; info != NULL; info = info->next) {
             if (info->no_user) {
                 continue;       /* not available, don't show */
             }
             qdev_print_devinfo(info);
         }
         return 1;
     }

     if (!qemu_opt_get(opts, "?")) {
         return 0;
     }

     info = qdev_find_info(NULL, driver);
     if (!info) {
         return 0;
     }

     for (prop = info->props; prop && prop->name; prop++) {
         /*
          * TODO Properties without a parser are just for dirty hacks.
          * qdev_prop_ptr is the only such PropertyInfo.  It's marked
          * for removal.  This conditional should be removed along with
          * it.
          */
         if (!prop->info->parse) {
             continue;           /* no way to set it, don't show */
         }
         error_printf("%s.%s=%s\n", info->name, prop->name, prop->info->name);
     }
     return 1;
 }

 DeviceState *qdev_device_add(QemuOpts *opts)
 {
     const char *driver, *path, *id;
     DeviceInfo *info;
     DeviceState *qdev;
     BusState *bus;

     driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
     if (!driver) {
         qerror_report(QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "driver");
         return NULL;
     }

     /* find driver */
     info = qdev_find_info(NULL, driver);
     if (!info || info->no_user) {
         qerror_report(QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "driver", "a driver name");
         error_printf_unless_qmp("Try with argument '?' for a list.\n");
         return NULL;
     }

     /* find bus */
     path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "bus");
     if (path != NULL) {
         bus = qbus_find(path);
         if (!bus) {
             return NULL;
         }
         if (bus->info != info->bus_info) {
             qerror_report(QERR_BAD_BUS_FOR_DEVICE,
                            driver, bus->info->name);
             return NULL;
         }
     } else {
         bus = qbus_find_recursive(main_system_bus, NULL, info->bus_info);
         if (!bus) {
             qerror_report(QERR_NO_BUS_FOR_DEVICE,
                            info->name, info->bus_info->name);
             return NULL;
         }
     }
     if (qdev_hotplug && !bus->allow_hotplug) {
         qerror_report(QERR_BUS_NO_HOTPLUG, bus->name);
         return NULL;
     }

     /* create device, set properties */
     qdev = qdev_create_from_info(bus, info);
     id = qemu_opts_id(opts);
     if (id) {
         qdev->id = id;
     }
     if (qemu_opt_foreach(opts, set_property, qdev, 1) != 0) {
         qdev_free(qdev);
         return NULL;
     }
     if (qdev_init(qdev) < 0) {
         qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_INIT_FAILED, driver);
         return NULL;
     }
     qdev->opts = opts;
     return qdev;
 }

 /* Initialize a device.  Device properties should be set before calling
    this function.  IRQs and MMIO regions should be connected/mapped after
    calling this function.
    On failure, destroy the device and return negative value.
    Return 0 on success.  */
 int qdev_init(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     int rc;

     assert(dev->state == DEV_STATE_CREATED);
     rc = dev->info->init(dev, dev->info);
     if (rc < 0) {
         qdev_free(dev);
         return rc;
     }
     if (dev->info->vmsd) {
         vmstate_register_with_alias_id(dev, -1, dev->info->vmsd, dev,
                                        dev->instance_id_alias,
                                        dev->alias_required_for_version);
     }
     dev->state = DEV_STATE_INITIALIZED;
     return 0;
 }

 void qdev_set_legacy_instance_id(DeviceState *dev, int alias_id,
                                  int required_for_version)
 {
     assert(dev->state == DEV_STATE_CREATED);
     dev->instance_id_alias = alias_id;
     dev->alias_required_for_version = required_for_version;
 }

 int qdev_unplug(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     if (!dev->parent_bus->allow_hotplug) {
         qerror_report(QERR_BUS_NO_HOTPLUG, dev->parent_bus->name);
         return -1;
     }
     assert(dev->info->unplug != NULL);

     qdev_hot_removed = true;

     return dev->info->unplug(dev);
 }

 static int qdev_reset_one(DeviceState *dev, void *opaque)
 {
     if (dev->info->reset) {
         dev->info->reset(dev);
     }

     return 0;
 }

 BusState *sysbus_get_default(void)
 {
     if (!main_system_bus) {
         main_system_bus = qbus_create(&system_bus_info, NULL,
                                       "main-system-bus");
     }
     return main_system_bus;
 }

 static int qbus_reset_one(BusState *bus, void *opaque)
 {
     if (bus->info->reset) {
         return bus->info->reset(bus);
     }
     return 0;
 }

 void qdev_reset_all(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     qdev_walk_children(dev, qdev_reset_one, qbus_reset_one, NULL);
 }

 void qbus_reset_all_fn(void *opaque)
 {
     BusState *bus = opaque;
     qbus_walk_children(bus, qdev_reset_one, qbus_reset_one, NULL);
 }

 /* can be used as ->unplug() callback for the simple cases */
 int qdev_simple_unplug_cb(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     /* just zap it */
     qdev_free(dev);
     return 0;
 }

 /* Like qdev_init(), but terminate program via hw_error() instead of
    returning an error value.  This is okay during machine creation.
    Don't use for hotplug, because there callers need to recover from
    failure.  Exception: if you know the device's init() callback can't
    fail, then qdev_init_nofail() can't fail either, and is therefore
    usable even then.  But relying on the device implementation that
    way is somewhat unclean, and best avoided.  */
 void qdev_init_nofail(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     DeviceInfo *info = dev->info;

     if (qdev_init(dev) < 0) {
         error_report("Initialization of device %s failed\n", info->name);
         exit(1);
     }
 }

 /* Unlink device from bus and free the structure.  */
 void qdev_free(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     BusState *bus;
     Property *prop;

     if (dev->state == DEV_STATE_INITIALIZED) {
         while (dev->num_child_bus) {
             bus = QLIST_FIRST(&dev->child_bus);
             qbus_free(bus);
         }
         if (dev->info->vmsd)
             vmstate_unregister(dev, dev->info->vmsd, dev);
         if (dev->info->exit)
             dev->info->exit(dev);
         if (dev->opts)
             qemu_opts_del(dev->opts);
     }
     QLIST_REMOVE(dev, sibling);
     for (prop = dev->info->props; prop && prop->name; prop++) {
         if (prop->info->free) {
             prop->info->free(dev, prop);
         }
     }
     qemu_free(dev);
 }

 void qdev_machine_creation_done(void)
 {
     /*
      * ok, initial machine setup is done, starting from now we can
      * only create hotpluggable devices
      */
     qdev_hotplug = 1;
 }

 bool qdev_machine_modified(void)
 {
     return qdev_hot_added || qdev_hot_removed;
 }

 /* Get a character (serial) device interface.  */
 CharDriverState *qdev_init_chardev(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     static int next_serial;

     /* FIXME: This function needs to go away: use chardev properties!  */
     return serial_hds[next_serial++];
 }

 BusState *qdev_get_parent_bus(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     return dev->parent_bus;
 }

 void qdev_init_gpio_in(DeviceState *dev, qemu_irq_handler handler, int n)
 {
     assert(dev->num_gpio_in == 0);
     dev->num_gpio_in = n;
     dev->gpio_in = qemu_allocate_irqs(handler, dev, n);
 }

 void qdev_init_gpio_out(DeviceState *dev, qemu_irq *pins, int n)
 {
     assert(dev->num_gpio_out == 0);
     dev->num_gpio_out = n;
     dev->gpio_out = pins;
 }

 qemu_irq qdev_get_gpio_in(DeviceState *dev, int n)
 {
     assert(n >= 0 && n < dev->num_gpio_in);
     return dev->gpio_in[n];
 }

 void qdev_connect_gpio_out(DeviceState * dev, int n, qemu_irq pin)
 {
     assert(n >= 0 && n < dev->num_gpio_out);
     dev->gpio_out[n] = pin;
 }

 void qdev_set_nic_properties(DeviceState *dev, NICInfo *nd)
 {
     qdev_prop_set_macaddr(dev, "mac", nd->macaddr);
     if (nd->vlan)
         qdev_prop_set_vlan(dev, "vlan", nd->vlan);
     if (nd->netdev)
         qdev_prop_set_netdev(dev, "netdev", nd->netdev);
     if (nd->nvectors != DEV_NVECTORS_UNSPECIFIED &&
         qdev_prop_exists(dev, "vectors")) {
         qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "vectors", nd->nvectors);
     }
 }

 BusState *qdev_get_child_bus(DeviceState *dev, const char *name)
 {
     BusState *bus;

     QLIST_FOREACH(bus, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
         if (strcmp(name, bus->name) == 0) {
             return bus;
         }
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 int qbus_walk_children(BusState *bus, qdev_walkerfn *devfn,
                        qbus_walkerfn *busfn, void *opaque)
 {
     DeviceState *dev;
     int err;

     if (busfn) {
         err = busfn(bus, opaque);
         if (err) {
             return err;
         }
     }

     QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
         err = qdev_walk_children(dev, devfn, busfn, opaque);
         if (err < 0) {
             return err;
         }
     }

     return 0;
 }

 int qdev_walk_children(DeviceState *dev, qdev_walkerfn *devfn,
                        qbus_walkerfn *busfn, void *opaque)
 {
     BusState *bus;
     int err;

     if (devfn) {
         err = devfn(dev, opaque);
         if (err) {
             return err;
         }
     }

     QLIST_FOREACH(bus, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
         err = qbus_walk_children(bus, devfn, busfn, opaque);
         if (err < 0) {
             return err;
         }
     }

     return 0;
 }

 static BusState *qbus_find_recursive(BusState *bus, const char *name,
                                      const BusInfo *info)
 {
     DeviceState *dev;
     BusState *child, *ret;
     int match = 1;

     if (name && (strcmp(bus->name, name) != 0)) {
         match = 0;
     }
     if (info && (bus->info != info)) {
         match = 0;
     }
     if (match) {
         return bus;
     }

     QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
         QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
             ret = qbus_find_recursive(child, name, info);
             if (ret) {
                 return ret;
             }
         }
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 DeviceState *qdev_find_recursive(BusState *bus, const char *id)
 {
     DeviceState *dev, *ret;
     BusState *child;

     QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
         if (dev->id && strcmp(dev->id, id) == 0)
             return dev;
         QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
             ret = qdev_find_recursive(child, id);
             if (ret) {
                 return ret;
             }
         }
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 static void qbus_list_bus(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     BusState *child;
     const char *sep = " ";

     error_printf("child busses at \"%s\":",
                  dev->id ? dev->id : dev->info->name);
     QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
         error_printf("%s\"%s\"", sep, child->name);
         sep = ", ";
     }
     error_printf("\n");
 }

 static void qbus_list_dev(BusState *bus)
 {
     DeviceState *dev;
     const char *sep = " ";

     error_printf("devices at \"%s\":", bus->name);
     QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
         error_printf("%s\"%s\"", sep, dev->info->name);
         if (dev->id)
             error_printf("/\"%s\"", dev->id);
         sep = ", ";
     }
     error_printf("\n");
 }

 static BusState *qbus_find_bus(DeviceState *dev, char *elem)
 {
     BusState *child;

     QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
         if (strcmp(child->name, elem) == 0) {
             return child;
         }
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 static DeviceState *qbus_find_dev(BusState *bus, char *elem)
 {
     DeviceState *dev;

     /*
      * try to match in order:
      *   (1) instance id, if present
      *   (2) driver name
      *   (3) driver alias, if present
      */
     QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
         if (dev->id  &&  strcmp(dev->id, elem) == 0) {
             return dev;
         }
     }
     QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
         if (strcmp(dev->info->name, elem) == 0) {
             return dev;
         }
     }
     QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
         if (dev->info->alias && strcmp(dev->info->alias, elem) == 0) {
             return dev;
         }
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 static BusState *qbus_find(const char *path)
 {
     DeviceState *dev;
     BusState *bus;
     char elem[128];
     int pos, len;

     /* find start element */
     if (path[0] == '/') {
         bus = main_system_bus;
         pos = 0;
     } else {
         if (sscanf(path, "%127[^/]%n", elem, &len) != 1) {
             assert(!path[0]);
             elem[0] = len = 0;
         }
         bus = qbus_find_recursive(main_system_bus, elem, NULL);
         if (!bus) {
             qerror_report(QERR_BUS_NOT_FOUND, elem);
             return NULL;
         }
         pos = len;
     }

     for (;;) {
         assert(path[pos] == '/' || !path[pos]);
         while (path[pos] == '/') {
             pos++;
         }
         if (path[pos] == '\0') {
             return bus;
         }

         /* find device */
         if (sscanf(path+pos, "%127[^/]%n", elem, &len) != 1) {
             assert(0);
             elem[0] = len = 0;
         }
         pos += len;
         dev = qbus_find_dev(bus, elem);
         if (!dev) {
             qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, elem);
             if (!monitor_cur_is_qmp()) {
                 qbus_list_dev(bus);
             }
             return NULL;
         }

         assert(path[pos] == '/' || !path[pos]);
         while (path[pos] == '/') {
             pos++;
         }
         if (path[pos] == '\0') {
             /* last specified element is a device.  If it has exactly
              * one child bus accept it nevertheless */
             switch (dev->num_child_bus) {
             case 0:
                 qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_NO_BUS, elem);
                 return NULL;
             case 1:
                 return QLIST_FIRST(&dev->child_bus);
             default:
                 qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_MULTIPLE_BUSSES, elem);
                 if (!monitor_cur_is_qmp()) {
                     qbus_list_bus(dev);
                 }
                 return NULL;
             }
         }

         /* find bus */
         if (sscanf(path+pos, "%127[^/]%n", elem, &len) != 1) {
             assert(0);
             elem[0] = len = 0;
         }
         pos += len;
         bus = qbus_find_bus(dev, elem);
         if (!bus) {
             qerror_report(QERR_BUS_NOT_FOUND, elem);
             if (!monitor_cur_is_qmp()) {
                 qbus_list_bus(dev);
             }
             return NULL;
         }
     }
 }

 void qbus_create_inplace(BusState *bus, BusInfo *info,
                          DeviceState *parent, const char *name)
 {
     char *buf;
     int i,len;

     bus->info = info;
     bus->parent = parent;

     if (name) {
         /* use supplied name */
         bus->name = qemu_strdup(name);
     } else if (parent && parent->id) {
         /* parent device has id -> use it for bus name */
         len = strlen(parent->id) + 16;
         buf = qemu_malloc(len);
         snprintf(buf, len, "%s.%d", parent->id, parent->num_child_bus);
         bus->name = buf;
     } else {
         /* no id -> use lowercase bus type for bus name */
         len = strlen(info->name) + 16;
         buf = qemu_malloc(len);
         len = snprintf(buf, len, "%s.%d", info->name,
                        parent ? parent->num_child_bus : 0);
         for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
             buf[i] = qemu_tolower(buf[i]);
         bus->name = buf;
     }

     QLIST_INIT(&bus->children);
     if (parent) {
         QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&parent->child_bus, bus, sibling);
         parent->num_child_bus++;
     } else if (bus != main_system_bus) {
         /* TODO: once all bus devices are qdevified,
            only reset handler for main_system_bus should be registered here. */
         qemu_register_reset(qbus_reset_all_fn, bus);
     }
 }

 BusState *qbus_create(BusInfo *info, DeviceState *parent, const char *name)
 {
     BusState *bus;

     bus = qemu_mallocz(info->size);
     bus->qdev_allocated = 1;
     qbus_create_inplace(bus, info, parent, name);
     return bus;
 }

 void qbus_free(BusState *bus)
 {
     DeviceState *dev;

     while ((dev = QLIST_FIRST(&bus->children)) != NULL) {
         qdev_free(dev);
     }
     if (bus->parent) {
         QLIST_REMOVE(bus, sibling);
         bus->parent->num_child_bus--;
     } else {
         assert(bus != main_system_bus); /* main_system_bus is never freed */
         qemu_unregister_reset(qbus_reset_all_fn, bus);
     }
     qemu_free((void*)bus->name);
     if (bus->qdev_allocated) {
         qemu_free(bus);
     }
 }

 #define qdev_printf(fmt, ...) monitor_printf(mon, "%*s" fmt, indent, "", ## __VA_ARGS__)
 static void qbus_print(Monitor *mon, BusState *bus, int indent);

 static void qdev_print_props(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, Property *props,
                              const char *prefix, int indent)
 {
     char buf[64];

     if (!props)
         return;
     while (props->name) {
         /*
          * TODO Properties without a print method are just for dirty
          * hacks.  qdev_prop_ptr is the only such PropertyInfo.  It's
          * marked for removal.  The test props->info->print should be
          * removed along with it.
          */
         if (props->info->print) {
             props->info->print(dev, props, buf, sizeof(buf));
             qdev_printf("%s-prop: %s = %s\n", prefix, props->name, buf);
         }
         props++;
     }
 }

 static void qdev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent)
 {
     BusState *child;
     qdev_printf("dev: %s, id \"%s\"\n", dev->info->name,
                 dev->id ? dev->id : "");
     indent += 2;
     if (dev->num_gpio_in) {
         qdev_printf("gpio-in %d\n", dev->num_gpio_in);
     }
     if (dev->num_gpio_out) {
         qdev_printf("gpio-out %d\n", dev->num_gpio_out);
     }
     qdev_print_props(mon, dev, dev->info->props, "dev", indent);
     qdev_print_props(mon, dev, dev->parent_bus->info->props, "bus", indent);
     if (dev->parent_bus->info->print_dev)
         dev->parent_bus->info->print_dev(mon, dev, indent);
     QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
         qbus_print(mon, child, indent);
     }
 }

 static void qbus_print(Monitor *mon, BusState *bus, int indent)
 {
     struct DeviceState *dev;

     qdev_printf("bus: %s\n", bus->name);
     indent += 2;
     qdev_printf("type %s\n", bus->info->name);
     QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
         qdev_print(mon, dev, indent);
     }
 }
 #undef qdev_printf

 void do_info_qtree(Monitor *mon)
 {
     if (main_system_bus)
         qbus_print(mon, main_system_bus, 0);
 }

 void do_info_qdm(Monitor *mon)
 {
     DeviceInfo *info;

     for (info = device_info_list; info != NULL; info = info->next) {
         qdev_print_devinfo(info);
     }
 }

 int do_device_add(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict, QObject **ret_data)
 {
     QemuOpts *opts;

     opts = qemu_opts_from_qdict(qemu_find_opts("device"), qdict);
     if (!opts) {
         return -1;
     }
     if (!monitor_cur_is_qmp() && qdev_device_help(opts)) {
         qemu_opts_del(opts);
         return 0;
     }
     if (!qdev_device_add(opts)) {
         qemu_opts_del(opts);
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }

 int do_device_del(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict, QObject **ret_data)
 {
     const char *id = qdict_get_str(qdict, "id");
     DeviceState *dev;

     dev = qdev_find_recursive(main_system_bus, id);
     if (NULL == dev) {
         qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, id);
         return -1;
     }
     return qdev_unplug(dev);
 }

 static int qdev_get_fw_dev_path_helper(DeviceState *dev, char *p, int size)
 {
     int l = 0;

     if (dev && dev->parent_bus) {
         char *d;
         l = qdev_get_fw_dev_path_helper(dev->parent_bus->parent, p, size);
         if (dev->parent_bus->info->get_fw_dev_path) {
             d = dev->parent_bus->info->get_fw_dev_path(dev);
             l += snprintf(p + l, size - l, "%s", d);
             qemu_free(d);
         } else {
             l += snprintf(p + l, size - l, "%s", dev->info->name);
         }
     }
     l += snprintf(p + l , size - l, "/");

     return l;
 }

 char* qdev_get_fw_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     char path[128];
     int l;

     l = qdev_get_fw_dev_path_helper(dev, path, 128);

     path[l-1] = '\0';

     return strdup(path);
 }
	/*
	* Dynamic device configuration and creation.
	*
	* Copyright (c) 2009 CodeSourcery
	*
	* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
	* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
	* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
	* version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	*
	* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
	* Lesser General Public License for more details.
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
	* License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	*/

	/* The theory here is that it should be possible to create a machine without
	knowledge of specific devices. Historically board init routines have
	passed a bunch of arguments to each device, requiring the board know
	exactly which device it is dealing with. This file provides an abstract
	API for device configuration and initialization. Devices will generally
	inherit from a particular bus (e.g. PCI or I2C) rather than
	this API directly. */

	#include "net.h"
	#include "qdev.h"
	#include "sysemu.h"
	#include "monitor.h"

	static int qdev_hotplug = 0;
	static bool qdev_hot_added = false;
	static bool qdev_hot_removed = false;

	/* This is a nasty hack to allow passing a NULL bus to qdev_create. */
	static BusState *main_system_bus;

	DeviceInfo *device_info_list;

	static BusState qbus_find_recursive(BusState bus, const char *name,
	const BusInfo *info);
	static BusState qbus_find(const char path);

	/* Register a new device type. */
	void qdev_register(DeviceInfo *info)
	{
	assert(info->size >= sizeof(DeviceState));
	assert(!info->next);

	info->next = device_info_list;
	device_info_list = info;
	}

	static DeviceInfo qdev_find_info(BusInfo bus_info, const char *name)
	{
	DeviceInfo *info;

	/* first check device names */
	for (info = device_info_list; info != NULL; info = info->next) {
	if (bus_info && info->bus_info != bus_info)
	continue;
	if (strcmp(info->name, name) != 0)
	continue;
	return info;
	}

	/* failing that check the aliases */
	for (info = device_info_list; info != NULL; info = info->next) {
	if (bus_info && info->bus_info != bus_info)
	continue;
	if (!info->alias)
	continue;
	if (strcmp(info->alias, name) != 0)
	continue;
	return info;
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	static DeviceState qdev_create_from_info(BusState bus, DeviceInfo *info)
	{
	DeviceState *dev;

	assert(bus->info == info->bus_info);
	dev = qemu_mallocz(info->size);
	dev->info = info;
	dev->parent_bus = bus;
	qdev_prop_set_defaults(dev, dev->info->props);
	qdev_prop_set_defaults(dev, dev->parent_bus->info->props);
	qdev_prop_set_globals(dev);
	QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&bus->children, dev, sibling);
	if (qdev_hotplug) {
	assert(bus->allow_hotplug);
	dev->hotplugged = 1;
	qdev_hot_added = true;
	}
	dev->instance_id_alias = -1;
	dev->state = DEV_STATE_CREATED;
	return dev;
	}

	/* Create a new device. This only initializes the device state structure
	and allows properties to be set. qdev_init should be called to
	initialize the actual device emulation. */
	DeviceState qdev_create(BusState bus, const char *name)
	{
	DeviceState *dev;

	dev = qdev_try_create(bus, name);
	if (!dev) {
	hw_error("Unknown device '%s' for bus '%s'\n", name, bus->info->name);
	}

	return dev;
	}

	DeviceState qdev_try_create(BusState bus, const char *name)
	{
	DeviceInfo *info;

	if (!bus) {
	bus = sysbus_get_default();
	}

	info = qdev_find_info(bus->info, name);
	if (!info) {
	return NULL;
	}

	return qdev_create_from_info(bus, info);
	}

	static void qdev_print_devinfo(DeviceInfo *info)
	{
	error_printf("name \"%s\", bus %s",
	info->name, info->bus_info->name);
	if (info->alias) {
	error_printf(", alias \"%s\"", info->alias);
	}
	if (info->desc) {
	error_printf(", desc \"%s\"", info->desc);
	}
	if (info->no_user) {
	error_printf(", no-user");
	}
	error_printf("\n");
	}

	static int set_property(const char name, const char value, void *opaque)
	{
	DeviceState *dev = opaque;

	if (strcmp(name, "driver") == 0)
	return 0;
	if (strcmp(name, "bus") == 0)
	return 0;

	if (qdev_prop_parse(dev, name, value) == -1) {
	return -1;
	}
	return 0;
	}

	int qdev_device_help(QemuOpts *opts)
	{
	const char *driver;
	DeviceInfo *info;
	Property *prop;

	driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
	if (driver && !strcmp(driver, "?")) {
	for (info = device_info_list; info != NULL; info = info->next) {
	if (info->no_user) {
	continue; /* not available, don't show */
	}
	qdev_print_devinfo(info);
	}
	return 1;
	}

	if (!qemu_opt_get(opts, "?")) {
	return 0;
	}

	info = qdev_find_info(NULL, driver);
	if (!info) {
	return 0;
	}

	for (prop = info->props; prop && prop->name; prop++) {
	/*
	* TODO Properties without a parser are just for dirty hacks.
	* qdev_prop_ptr is the only such PropertyInfo. It's marked
	* for removal. This conditional should be removed along with
	* it.
	*/
	if (!prop->info->parse) {
	continue; /* no way to set it, don't show */
	}
	error_printf("%s.%s=%s\n", info->name, prop->name, prop->info->name);
	}
	return 1;
	}

	DeviceState qdev_device_add(QemuOpts opts)
	{
	const char driver, path, *id;
	DeviceInfo *info;
	DeviceState *qdev;
	BusState *bus;

	driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
	if (!driver) {
	qerror_report(QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "driver");
	return NULL;
	}

	/* find driver */
	info = qdev_find_info(NULL, driver);
	if (!info \|\| info->no_user) {
	qerror_report(QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "driver", "a driver name");
	error_printf_unless_qmp("Try with argument '?' for a list.\n");
	return NULL;
	}

	/* find bus */
	path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "bus");
	if (path != NULL) {
	bus = qbus_find(path);
	if (!bus) {
	return NULL;
	}
	if (bus->info != info->bus_info) {
	qerror_report(QERR_BAD_BUS_FOR_DEVICE,
	driver, bus->info->name);
	return NULL;
	}
	} else {
	bus = qbus_find_recursive(main_system_bus, NULL, info->bus_info);
	if (!bus) {
	qerror_report(QERR_NO_BUS_FOR_DEVICE,
	info->name, info->bus_info->name);
	return NULL;
	}
	}
	if (qdev_hotplug && !bus->allow_hotplug) {
	qerror_report(QERR_BUS_NO_HOTPLUG, bus->name);
	return NULL;
	}

	/* create device, set properties */
	qdev = qdev_create_from_info(bus, info);
	id = qemu_opts_id(opts);
	if (id) {
	qdev->id = id;
	}
	if (qemu_opt_foreach(opts, set_property, qdev, 1) != 0) {
	qdev_free(qdev);
	return NULL;
	}
	if (qdev_init(qdev) < 0) {
	qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_INIT_FAILED, driver);
	return NULL;
	}
	qdev->opts = opts;
	return qdev;
	}

	/* Initialize a device. Device properties should be set before calling
	this function. IRQs and MMIO regions should be connected/mapped after
	calling this function.
	On failure, destroy the device and return negative value.
	Return 0 on success. */
	int qdev_init(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	int rc;

	assert(dev->state == DEV_STATE_CREATED);
	rc = dev->info->init(dev, dev->info);
	if (rc < 0) {
	qdev_free(dev);
	return rc;
	}
	if (dev->info->vmsd) {
	vmstate_register_with_alias_id(dev, -1, dev->info->vmsd, dev,
	dev->instance_id_alias,
	dev->alias_required_for_version);
	}
	dev->state = DEV_STATE_INITIALIZED;
	return 0;
	}

	void qdev_set_legacy_instance_id(DeviceState *dev, int alias_id,
	int required_for_version)
	{
	assert(dev->state == DEV_STATE_CREATED);
	dev->instance_id_alias = alias_id;
	dev->alias_required_for_version = required_for_version;
	}

	int qdev_unplug(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	if (!dev->parent_bus->allow_hotplug) {
	qerror_report(QERR_BUS_NO_HOTPLUG, dev->parent_bus->name);
	return -1;
	}
	assert(dev->info->unplug != NULL);

	qdev_hot_removed = true;

	return dev->info->unplug(dev);
	}

	static int qdev_reset_one(DeviceState dev, void opaque)
	{
	if (dev->info->reset) {
	dev->info->reset(dev);
	}

	return 0;
	}

	BusState *sysbus_get_default(void)
	{
	if (!main_system_bus) {
	main_system_bus = qbus_create(&system_bus_info, NULL,
	"main-system-bus");
	}
	return main_system_bus;
	}

	static int qbus_reset_one(BusState bus, void opaque)
	{
	if (bus->info->reset) {
	return bus->info->reset(bus);
	}
	return 0;
	}

	void qdev_reset_all(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	qdev_walk_children(dev, qdev_reset_one, qbus_reset_one, NULL);
	}

	void qbus_reset_all_fn(void *opaque)
	{
	BusState *bus = opaque;
	qbus_walk_children(bus, qdev_reset_one, qbus_reset_one, NULL);
	}

	/* can be used as ->unplug() callback for the simple cases */
	int qdev_simple_unplug_cb(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	/* just zap it */
	qdev_free(dev);
	return 0;
	}

	/* Like qdev_init(), but terminate program via hw_error() instead of
	returning an error value. This is okay during machine creation.
	Don't use for hotplug, because there callers need to recover from
	failure. Exception: if you know the device's init() callback can't
	fail, then qdev_init_nofail() can't fail either, and is therefore
	usable even then. But relying on the device implementation that
	way is somewhat unclean, and best avoided. */
	void qdev_init_nofail(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	DeviceInfo *info = dev->info;

	if (qdev_init(dev) < 0) {
	error_report("Initialization of device %s failed\n", info->name);
	exit(1);
	}
	}

	/* Unlink device from bus and free the structure. */
	void qdev_free(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	BusState *bus;
	Property *prop;

	if (dev->state == DEV_STATE_INITIALIZED) {
	while (dev->num_child_bus) {
	bus = QLIST_FIRST(&dev->child_bus);
	qbus_free(bus);
	}
	if (dev->info->vmsd)
	vmstate_unregister(dev, dev->info->vmsd, dev);
	if (dev->info->exit)
	dev->info->exit(dev);
	if (dev->opts)
	qemu_opts_del(dev->opts);
	}
	QLIST_REMOVE(dev, sibling);
	for (prop = dev->info->props; prop && prop->name; prop++) {
	if (prop->info->free) {
	prop->info->free(dev, prop);
	}
	}
	qemu_free(dev);
	}

	void qdev_machine_creation_done(void)
	{
	/*
	* ok, initial machine setup is done, starting from now we can
	* only create hotpluggable devices
	*/
	qdev_hotplug = 1;
	}

	bool qdev_machine_modified(void)
	{
	return qdev_hot_added \|\| qdev_hot_removed;
	}

	/* Get a character (serial) device interface. */
	CharDriverState qdev_init_chardev(DeviceState dev)
	{
	static int next_serial;

	/* FIXME: This function needs to go away: use chardev properties! */
	return serial_hds[next_serial++];
	}

	BusState qdev_get_parent_bus(DeviceState dev)
	{
	return dev->parent_bus;
	}

	void qdev_init_gpio_in(DeviceState *dev, qemu_irq_handler handler, int n)
	{
	assert(dev->num_gpio_in == 0);
	dev->num_gpio_in = n;
	dev->gpio_in = qemu_allocate_irqs(handler, dev, n);
	}

	void qdev_init_gpio_out(DeviceState dev, qemu_irq pins, int n)
	{
	assert(dev->num_gpio_out == 0);
	dev->num_gpio_out = n;
	dev->gpio_out = pins;
	}

	qemu_irq qdev_get_gpio_in(DeviceState *dev, int n)
	{
	assert(n >= 0 && n < dev->num_gpio_in);
	return dev->gpio_in[n];
	}

	void qdev_connect_gpio_out(DeviceState * dev, int n, qemu_irq pin)
	{
	assert(n >= 0 && n < dev->num_gpio_out);
	dev->gpio_out[n] = pin;
	}

	void qdev_set_nic_properties(DeviceState dev, NICInfo nd)
	{
	qdev_prop_set_macaddr(dev, "mac", nd->macaddr);
	if (nd->vlan)
	qdev_prop_set_vlan(dev, "vlan", nd->vlan);
	if (nd->netdev)
	qdev_prop_set_netdev(dev, "netdev", nd->netdev);
	if (nd->nvectors != DEV_NVECTORS_UNSPECIFIED &&
	qdev_prop_exists(dev, "vectors")) {
	qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "vectors", nd->nvectors);
	}
	}

	BusState qdev_get_child_bus(DeviceState dev, const char *name)
	{
	BusState *bus;

	QLIST_FOREACH(bus, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
	if (strcmp(name, bus->name) == 0) {
	return bus;
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	int qbus_walk_children(BusState bus, qdev_walkerfn devfn,
	qbus_walkerfn busfn, void opaque)
	{
	DeviceState *dev;
	int err;

	if (busfn) {
	err = busfn(bus, opaque);
	if (err) {
	return err;
	}
	}

	QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
	err = qdev_walk_children(dev, devfn, busfn, opaque);
	if (err < 0) {
	return err;
	}
	}

	return 0;
	}

	int qdev_walk_children(DeviceState dev, qdev_walkerfn devfn,
	qbus_walkerfn busfn, void opaque)
	{
	BusState *bus;
	int err;

	if (devfn) {
	err = devfn(dev, opaque);
	if (err) {
	return err;
	}
	}

	QLIST_FOREACH(bus, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
	err = qbus_walk_children(bus, devfn, busfn, opaque);
	if (err < 0) {
	return err;
	}
	}

	return 0;
	}

	static BusState qbus_find_recursive(BusState bus, const char *name,
	const BusInfo *info)
	{
	DeviceState *dev;
	BusState child, ret;
	int match = 1;

	if (name && (strcmp(bus->name, name) != 0)) {
	match = 0;
	}
	if (info && (bus->info != info)) {
	match = 0;
	}
	if (match) {
	return bus;
	}

	QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
	QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
	ret = qbus_find_recursive(child, name, info);
	if (ret) {
	return ret;
	}
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	DeviceState qdev_find_recursive(BusState bus, const char *id)
	{
	DeviceState dev, ret;
	BusState *child;

	QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
	if (dev->id && strcmp(dev->id, id) == 0)
	return dev;
	QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
	ret = qdev_find_recursive(child, id);
	if (ret) {
	return ret;
	}
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	static void qbus_list_bus(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	BusState *child;
	const char *sep = " ";

	error_printf("child busses at \"%s\":",
	dev->id ? dev->id : dev->info->name);
	QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
	error_printf("%s\"%s\"", sep, child->name);
	sep = ", ";
	}
	error_printf("\n");
	}

	static void qbus_list_dev(BusState *bus)
	{
	DeviceState *dev;
	const char *sep = " ";

	error_printf("devices at \"%s\":", bus->name);
	QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
	error_printf("%s\"%s\"", sep, dev->info->name);
	if (dev->id)
	error_printf("/\"%s\"", dev->id);
	sep = ", ";
	}
	error_printf("\n");
	}

	static BusState qbus_find_bus(DeviceState dev, char *elem)
	{
	BusState *child;

	QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
	if (strcmp(child->name, elem) == 0) {
	return child;
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	static DeviceState qbus_find_dev(BusState bus, char *elem)
	{
	DeviceState *dev;

	/*
	* try to match in order:
	* (1) instance id, if present
	* (2) driver name
	* (3) driver alias, if present
	*/
	QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
	if (dev->id && strcmp(dev->id, elem) == 0) {
	return dev;
	}
	}
	QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
	if (strcmp(dev->info->name, elem) == 0) {
	return dev;
	}
	}
	QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
	if (dev->info->alias && strcmp(dev->info->alias, elem) == 0) {
	return dev;
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	static BusState qbus_find(const char path)
	{
	DeviceState *dev;
	BusState *bus;
	char elem[128];
	int pos, len;

	/* find start element */
	if (path[0] == '/') {
	bus = main_system_bus;
	pos = 0;
	} else {
	if (sscanf(path, "%127[^/]%n", elem, &len) != 1) {
	assert(!path[0]);
	elem[0] = len = 0;
	}
	bus = qbus_find_recursive(main_system_bus, elem, NULL);
	if (!bus) {
	qerror_report(QERR_BUS_NOT_FOUND, elem);
	return NULL;
	}
	pos = len;
	}

	for (;;) {
	assert(path[pos] == '/' \|\| !path[pos]);
	while (path[pos] == '/') {
	pos++;
	}
	if (path[pos] == '\0') {
	return bus;
	}

	/* find device */
	if (sscanf(path+pos, "%127[^/]%n", elem, &len) != 1) {
	assert(0);
	elem[0] = len = 0;
	}
	pos += len;
	dev = qbus_find_dev(bus, elem);
	if (!dev) {
	qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, elem);
	if (!monitor_cur_is_qmp()) {
	qbus_list_dev(bus);
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	assert(path[pos] == '/' \|\| !path[pos]);
	while (path[pos] == '/') {
	pos++;
	}
	if (path[pos] == '\0') {
	/* last specified element is a device. If it has exactly
	* one child bus accept it nevertheless */
	switch (dev->num_child_bus) {
	case 0:
	qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_NO_BUS, elem);
	return NULL;
	case 1:
	return QLIST_FIRST(&dev->child_bus);
	default:
	qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_MULTIPLE_BUSSES, elem);
	if (!monitor_cur_is_qmp()) {
	qbus_list_bus(dev);
	}
	return NULL;
	}
	}

	/* find bus */
	if (sscanf(path+pos, "%127[^/]%n", elem, &len) != 1) {
	assert(0);
	elem[0] = len = 0;
	}
	pos += len;
	bus = qbus_find_bus(dev, elem);
	if (!bus) {
	qerror_report(QERR_BUS_NOT_FOUND, elem);
	if (!monitor_cur_is_qmp()) {
	qbus_list_bus(dev);
	}
	return NULL;
	}
	}
	}

	void qbus_create_inplace(BusState bus, BusInfo info,
	DeviceState parent, const char name)
	{
	char *buf;
	int i,len;

	bus->info = info;
	bus->parent = parent;

	if (name) {
	/* use supplied name */
	bus->name = qemu_strdup(name);
	} else if (parent && parent->id) {
	/* parent device has id -> use it for bus name */
	len = strlen(parent->id) + 16;
	buf = qemu_malloc(len);
	snprintf(buf, len, "%s.%d", parent->id, parent->num_child_bus);
	bus->name = buf;
	} else {
	/* no id -> use lowercase bus type for bus name */
	len = strlen(info->name) + 16;
	buf = qemu_malloc(len);
	len = snprintf(buf, len, "%s.%d", info->name,
	parent ? parent->num_child_bus : 0);
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	buf[i] = qemu_tolower(buf[i]);
	bus->name = buf;
	}

	QLIST_INIT(&bus->children);
	if (parent) {
	QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&parent->child_bus, bus, sibling);
	parent->num_child_bus++;
	} else if (bus != main_system_bus) {
	/* TODO: once all bus devices are qdevified,
	only reset handler for main_system_bus should be registered here. */
	qemu_register_reset(qbus_reset_all_fn, bus);
	}
	}

	BusState qbus_create(BusInfo info, DeviceState parent, const char name)
	{
	BusState *bus;

	bus = qemu_mallocz(info->size);
	bus->qdev_allocated = 1;
	qbus_create_inplace(bus, info, parent, name);
	return bus;
	}

	void qbus_free(BusState *bus)
	{
	DeviceState *dev;

	while ((dev = QLIST_FIRST(&bus->children)) != NULL) {
	qdev_free(dev);
	}
	if (bus->parent) {
	QLIST_REMOVE(bus, sibling);
	bus->parent->num_child_bus--;
	} else {
	assert(bus != main_system_bus); /* main_system_bus is never freed */
	qemu_unregister_reset(qbus_reset_all_fn, bus);
	}
	qemu_free((void*)bus->name);
	if (bus->qdev_allocated) {
	qemu_free(bus);
	}
	}

	#define qdev_printf(fmt, ...) monitor_printf(mon, "%*s" fmt, indent, "", ## __VA_ARGS__)
	static void qbus_print(Monitor mon, BusState bus, int indent);

	static void qdev_print_props(Monitor mon, DeviceState dev, Property *props,
	const char *prefix, int indent)
	{
	char buf[64];

	if (!props)
	return;
	while (props->name) {
	/*
	* TODO Properties without a print method are just for dirty
	* hacks. qdev_prop_ptr is the only such PropertyInfo. It's
	* marked for removal. The test props->info->print should be
	* removed along with it.
	*/
	if (props->info->print) {
	props->info->print(dev, props, buf, sizeof(buf));
	qdev_printf("%s-prop: %s = %s\n", prefix, props->name, buf);
	}
	props++;
	}
	}

	static void qdev_print(Monitor mon, DeviceState dev, int indent)
	{
	BusState *child;
	qdev_printf("dev: %s, id \"%s\"\n", dev->info->name,
	dev->id ? dev->id : "");
	indent += 2;
	if (dev->num_gpio_in) {
	qdev_printf("gpio-in %d\n", dev->num_gpio_in);
	}
	if (dev->num_gpio_out) {
	qdev_printf("gpio-out %d\n", dev->num_gpio_out);
	}
	qdev_print_props(mon, dev, dev->info->props, "dev", indent);
	qdev_print_props(mon, dev, dev->parent_bus->info->props, "bus", indent);
	if (dev->parent_bus->info->print_dev)
	dev->parent_bus->info->print_dev(mon, dev, indent);
	QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
	qbus_print(mon, child, indent);
	}
	}

	static void qbus_print(Monitor mon, BusState bus, int indent)
	{
	struct DeviceState *dev;

	qdev_printf("bus: %s\n", bus->name);
	indent += 2;
	qdev_printf("type %s\n", bus->info->name);
	QLIST_FOREACH(dev, &bus->children, sibling) {
	qdev_print(mon, dev, indent);
	}
	}
	#undef qdev_printf

	void do_info_qtree(Monitor *mon)
	{
	if (main_system_bus)
	qbus_print(mon, main_system_bus, 0);
	}

	void do_info_qdm(Monitor *mon)
	{
	DeviceInfo *info;

	for (info = device_info_list; info != NULL; info = info->next) {
	qdev_print_devinfo(info);
	}
	}

	int do_device_add(Monitor mon, const QDict qdict, QObject **ret_data)
	{
	QemuOpts *opts;

	opts = qemu_opts_from_qdict(qemu_find_opts("device"), qdict);
	if (!opts) {
	return -1;
	}
	if (!monitor_cur_is_qmp() && qdev_device_help(opts)) {
	qemu_opts_del(opts);
	return 0;
	}
	if (!qdev_device_add(opts)) {
	qemu_opts_del(opts);
	return -1;
	}
	return 0;
	}

	int do_device_del(Monitor mon, const QDict qdict, QObject **ret_data)
	{
	const char *id = qdict_get_str(qdict, "id");
	DeviceState *dev;

	dev = qdev_find_recursive(main_system_bus, id);
	if (NULL == dev) {
	qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, id);
	return -1;
	}
	return qdev_unplug(dev);
	}

	static int qdev_get_fw_dev_path_helper(DeviceState dev, char p, int size)
	{
	int l = 0;

	if (dev && dev->parent_bus) {
	char *d;
	l = qdev_get_fw_dev_path_helper(dev->parent_bus->parent, p, size);
	if (dev->parent_bus->info->get_fw_dev_path) {
	d = dev->parent_bus->info->get_fw_dev_path(dev);
	l += snprintf(p + l, size - l, "%s", d);
	qemu_free(d);
	} else {
	l += snprintf(p + l, size - l, "%s", dev->info->name);
	}
	}
	l += snprintf(p + l , size - l, "/");

	return l;
	}

	char* qdev_get_fw_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	char path[128];
	int l;

	l = qdev_get_fw_dev_path_helper(dev, path, 128);

	path[l-1] = '\0';

	return strdup(path);
	}