| \input texinfo @c -*- texinfo -*- |
| |
| @iftex |
| @settitle QEMU CPU Emulator User Documentation |
| @titlepage |
| @sp 7 |
| @center @titlefont{QEMU CPU Emulator User Documentation} |
| @sp 3 |
| @end titlepage |
| @end iftex |
| |
| @chapter Introduction |
| |
| @section Features |
| |
| QEMU is a FAST! processor emulator using dynamic translation to |
| achieve good emulation speed. |
| |
| QEMU has two operating modes: |
| |
| @itemize @minus |
| |
| @item |
| Full system emulation. In this mode, QEMU emulates a full system (for |
| example a PC), including a processor and various peripherals. It can |
| be used to launch different Operating Systems without rebooting the |
| PC or to debug system code. |
| |
| @item |
| User mode emulation (Linux host only). In this mode, QEMU can launch |
| Linux processes compiled for one CPU on another CPU. It can be used to |
| launch the Wine Windows API emulator (@url{http://www.winehq.org}) or |
| to ease cross-compilation and cross-debugging. |
| |
| @end itemize |
| |
| QEMU can run without an host kernel driver and yet gives acceptable |
| performance. |
| |
| For system emulation, the following hardware targets are supported: |
| @itemize |
| @item PC (x86 or x86_64 processor) |
| @item PREP (PowerPC processor) |
| @item G3 BW PowerMac (PowerPC processor) |
| @item Mac99 PowerMac (PowerPC processor, in progress) |
| @item Sun4m (32-bit Sparc processor) |
| @item Sun4u (64-bit Sparc processor, in progress) |
| @item Malta board (32-bit MIPS processor, in progress) |
| @end itemize |
| |
| For user emulation, x86, PowerPC, ARM, and Sparc32/64 CPUs are supported. |
| |
| @chapter Installation |
| |
| If you want to compile QEMU yourself, see @ref{compilation}. |
| |
| @section Linux |
| |
| If a precompiled package is available for your distribution - you just |
| have to install it. Otherwise, see @ref{compilation}. |
| |
| @section Windows |
| |
| Download the experimental binary installer at |
| @url{http://www.freeoszoo.org/download.php}. |
| |
| @section Mac OS X |
| |
| Download the experimental binary installer at |
| @url{http://www.freeoszoo.org/download.php}. |
| |
| @chapter QEMU PC System emulator invocation |
| |
| @section Introduction |
| |
| @c man begin DESCRIPTION |
| |
| The QEMU System emulator simulates the |
| following PC peripherals: |
| |
| @itemize @minus |
| @item |
| i440FX host PCI bridge and PIIX3 PCI to ISA bridge |
| @item |
| Cirrus CLGD 5446 PCI VGA card or dummy VGA card with Bochs VESA |
| extensions (hardware level, including all non standard modes). |
| @item |
| PS/2 mouse and keyboard |
| @item |
| 2 PCI IDE interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support |
| @item |
| Floppy disk |
| @item |
| NE2000 PCI network adapters |
| @item |
| Serial ports |
| @item |
| Soundblaster 16 card |
| @end itemize |
| |
| QEMU uses the PC BIOS from the Bochs project and the Plex86/Bochs LGPL |
| VGA BIOS. |
| |
| @c man end |
| |
| @section Quick Start |
| |
| Download and uncompress the linux image (@file{linux.img}) and type: |
| |
| @example |
| qemu linux.img |
| @end example |
| |
| Linux should boot and give you a prompt. |
| |
| @node sec_invocation |
| @section Invocation |
| |
| @example |
| @c man begin SYNOPSIS |
| usage: qemu [options] [disk_image] |
| @c man end |
| @end example |
| |
| @c man begin OPTIONS |
| @var{disk_image} is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0. |
| |
| General options: |
| @table @option |
| @item -fda file |
| @item -fdb file |
| Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@xref{disk_images}). You can |
| use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename. |
| |
| @item -hda file |
| @item -hdb file |
| @item -hdc file |
| @item -hdd file |
| Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@xref{disk_images}). |
| |
| @item -cdrom file |
| Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and and |
| @option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by |
| using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename. |
| |
| @item -boot [a|c|d] |
| Boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c) or CD-ROM (d). Hard disk boot is |
| the default. |
| |
| @item -snapshot |
| Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case, |
| the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force |
| the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@xref{disk_images}). |
| |
| @item -m megs |
| Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. Default is 128 MB. |
| |
| @item -nographic |
| |
| Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, |
| you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple |
| command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on |
| the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel |
| with a serial console. |
| |
| @item -k language |
| |
| Use keyboard layout @var{language} (for example @code{fr} for |
| French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC |
| keycodes (e.g. on Macs or with some X11 servers). You don't need to |
| use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows hosts. |
| |
| The available layouts are: |
| @example |
| ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv |
| da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th |
| de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr |
| @end example |
| |
| The default is @code{en-us}. |
| |
| @item -enable-audio |
| |
| The SB16 emulation is disabled by default as it may give problems with |
| Windows. You can enable it manually with this option. |
| |
| @item -localtime |
| Set the real time clock to local time (the default is to UTC |
| time). This option is needed to have correct date in MS-DOS or |
| Windows. |
| |
| @item -full-screen |
| Start in full screen. |
| |
| @item -pidfile file |
| Store the QEMU process PID in @var{file}. It is useful if you launch QEMU |
| from a script. |
| |
| @item -win2k-hack |
| Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After |
| Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option |
| slows down the IDE transfers). |
| |
| @end table |
| |
| Network options: |
| |
| @table @option |
| |
| @item -n script |
| Set TUN/TAP network init script [default=/etc/qemu-ifup]. This script |
| is launched to configure the host network interface (usually tun0) |
| corresponding to the virtual NE2000 card. |
| |
| @item -nics n |
| |
| Simulate @var{n} network cards (the default is 1). |
| |
| @item -macaddr addr |
| |
| Set the mac address of the first interface (the format is |
| aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff in hexa). The mac address is incremented for each |
| new network interface. |
| |
| @item -tun-fd fd |
| Assumes @var{fd} talks to a tap/tun host network interface and use |
| it. Read @url{http://bellard.org/qemu/tetrinet.html} to have an |
| example of its use. |
| |
| @item -user-net |
| Use the user mode network stack. This is the default if no tun/tap |
| network init script is found. |
| |
| @item -tftp prefix |
| When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP |
| server. All filenames beginning with @var{prefix} can be downloaded |
| from the host to the guest using a TFTP client. The TFTP client on the |
| guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command @code{bin} of |
| the Unix TFTP client). The host IP address on the guest is as usual |
| 10.0.2.2. |
| |
| @item -smb dir |
| When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB |
| server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in @file{dir} |
| transparently. |
| |
| In the guest Windows OS, the line: |
| @example |
| 10.0.2.4 smbserver |
| @end example |
| must be added in the file @file{C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS} (for windows 9x/Me) |
| or @file{C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS} (Windows NT/2000). |
| |
| Then @file{dir} can be accessed in @file{\\smbserver\qemu}. |
| |
| Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS in |
| @file{/usr/sbin/smbd}. QEMU was tested succesfully with smbd version |
| 2.2.7a from the Red Hat 9 and version 3.0.10-1.fc3 from Fedora Core 3. |
| |
| @item -redir [tcp|udp]:host-port:[guest-host]:guest-port |
| |
| When using the user mode network stack, redirect incoming TCP or UDP |
| connections to the host port @var{host-port} to the guest |
| @var{guest-host} on guest port @var{guest-port}. If @var{guest-host} |
| is not specified, its value is 10.0.2.15 (default address given by the |
| built-in DHCP server). |
| |
| For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest |
| screen 0, use the following: |
| |
| @example |
| # on the host |
| qemu -redir tcp:6001::6000 [...] |
| # this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server |
| xterm -display :1 |
| @end example |
| |
| To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on |
| the guest, use the following: |
| |
| @example |
| # on the host |
| qemu -redir tcp:5555::23 [...] |
| telnet localhost 5555 |
| @end example |
| |
| Then when you use on the host @code{telnet localhost 5555}, you |
| connect to the guest telnet server. |
| |
| @item -dummy-net |
| Use the dummy network stack: no packet will be received by the network |
| cards. |
| |
| @end table |
| |
| Linux boot specific. When using this options, you can use a given |
| Linux kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful |
| for easier testing of various kernels. |
| |
| @table @option |
| |
| @item -kernel bzImage |
| Use @var{bzImage} as kernel image. |
| |
| @item -append cmdline |
| Use @var{cmdline} as kernel command line |
| |
| @item -initrd file |
| Use @var{file} as initial ram disk. |
| |
| @end table |
| |
| Debug/Expert options: |
| @table @option |
| |
| @item -serial dev |
| Redirect the virtual serial port to host device @var{dev}. Available |
| devices are: |
| @table @code |
| @item vc |
| Virtual console |
| @item pty |
| [Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated) |
| @item null |
| void device |
| @item stdio |
| [Unix only] standard input/output |
| @end table |
| The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in |
| non graphical mode. |
| |
| This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serials |
| ports. |
| |
| @item -monitor dev |
| Redirect the monitor to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the |
| serial port). |
| The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in |
| non graphical mode. |
| |
| @item -s |
| Wait gdb connection to port 1234 (@xref{gdb_usage}). |
| @item -p port |
| Change gdb connection port. |
| @item -S |
| Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor). |
| @item -d |
| Output log in /tmp/qemu.log |
| @item -hdachs c,h,s,[,t] |
| Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <= |
| @var{h} <= 16, 1 <= @var{s} <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS |
| translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess |
| all thoses parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk |
| images. |
| |
| @item -isa |
| Simulate an ISA-only system (default is PCI system). |
| @item -std-vga |
| Simulate a standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions (default is |
| Cirrus Logic GD5446 PCI VGA) |
| @item -loadvm file |
| Start right away with a saved state (@code{loadvm} in monitor) |
| @end table |
| |
| @c man end |
| |
| @section Keys |
| |
| @c man begin OPTIONS |
| |
| During the graphical emulation, you can use the following keys: |
| @table @key |
| @item Ctrl-Alt-f |
| Toggle full screen |
| |
| @item Ctrl-Alt-n |
| Switch to virtual console 'n'. Standard console mappings are: |
| @table @emph |
| @item 1 |
| Target system display |
| @item 2 |
| Monitor |
| @item 3 |
| Serial port |
| @end table |
| |
| @item Ctrl-Alt |
| Toggle mouse and keyboard grab. |
| @end table |
| |
| In the virtual consoles, you can use @key{Ctrl-Up}, @key{Ctrl-Down}, |
| @key{Ctrl-PageUp} and @key{Ctrl-PageDown} to move in the back log. |
| |
| During emulation, if you are using the @option{-nographic} option, use |
| @key{Ctrl-a h} to get terminal commands: |
| |
| @table @key |
| @item Ctrl-a h |
| Print this help |
| @item Ctrl-a x |
| Exit emulatior |
| @item Ctrl-a s |
| Save disk data back to file (if -snapshot) |
| @item Ctrl-a b |
| Send break (magic sysrq in Linux) |
| @item Ctrl-a c |
| Switch between console and monitor |
| @item Ctrl-a Ctrl-a |
| Send Ctrl-a |
| @end table |
| @c man end |
| |
| @ignore |
| |
| @setfilename qemu |
| @settitle QEMU System Emulator |
| |
| @c man begin SEEALSO |
| The HTML documentation of QEMU for more precise information and Linux |
| user mode emulator invocation. |
| @c man end |
| |
| @c man begin AUTHOR |
| Fabrice Bellard |
| @c man end |
| |
| @end ignore |
| |
| @end ignore |
| |
| @section QEMU Monitor |
| |
| The QEMU monitor is used to give complex commands to the QEMU |
| emulator. You can use it to: |
| |
| @itemize @minus |
| |
| @item |
| Remove or insert removable medias images |
| (such as CD-ROM or floppies) |
| |
| @item |
| Freeze/unfreeze the Virtual Machine (VM) and save or restore its state |
| from a disk file. |
| |
| @item Inspect the VM state without an external debugger. |
| |
| @end itemize |
| |
| @subsection Commands |
| |
| The following commands are available: |
| |
| @table @option |
| |
| @item help or ? [cmd] |
| Show the help for all commands or just for command @var{cmd}. |
| |
| @item commit |
| Commit changes to the disk images (if -snapshot is used) |
| |
| @item info subcommand |
| show various information about the system state |
| |
| @table @option |
| @item info network |
| show the network state |
| @item info block |
| show the block devices |
| @item info registers |
| show the cpu registers |
| @item info history |
| show the command line history |
| @end table |
| |
| @item q or quit |
| Quit the emulator. |
| |
| @item eject [-f] device |
| Eject a removable media (use -f to force it). |
| |
| @item change device filename |
| Change a removable media. |
| |
| @item screendump filename |
| Save screen into PPM image @var{filename}. |
| |
| @item log item1[,...] |
| Activate logging of the specified items to @file{/tmp/qemu.log}. |
| |
| @item savevm filename |
| Save the whole virtual machine state to @var{filename}. |
| |
| @item loadvm filename |
| Restore the whole virtual machine state from @var{filename}. |
| |
| @item stop |
| Stop emulation. |
| |
| @item c or cont |
| Resume emulation. |
| |
| @item gdbserver [port] |
| Start gdbserver session (default port=1234) |
| |
| @item x/fmt addr |
| Virtual memory dump starting at @var{addr}. |
| |
| @item xp /fmt addr |
| Physical memory dump starting at @var{addr}. |
| |
| @var{fmt} is a format which tells the command how to format the |
| data. Its syntax is: @option{/@{count@}@{format@}@{size@}} |
| |
| @table @var |
| @item count |
| is the number of items to be dumped. |
| |
| @item format |
| can be x (hexa), d (signed decimal), u (unsigned decimal), o (octal), |
| c (char) or i (asm instruction). |
| |
| @item size |
| can be b (8 bits), h (16 bits), w (32 bits) or g (64 bits). On x86, |
| @code{h} or @code{w} can be specified with the @code{i} format to |
| respectively select 16 or 32 bit code instruction size. |
| |
| @end table |
| |
| Examples: |
| @itemize |
| @item |
| Dump 10 instructions at the current instruction pointer: |
| @example |
| (qemu) x/10i $eip |
| 0x90107063: ret |
| 0x90107064: sti |
| 0x90107065: lea 0x0(%esi,1),%esi |
| 0x90107069: lea 0x0(%edi,1),%edi |
| 0x90107070: ret |
| 0x90107071: jmp 0x90107080 |
| 0x90107073: nop |
| 0x90107074: nop |
| 0x90107075: nop |
| 0x90107076: nop |
| @end example |
| |
| @item |
| Dump 80 16 bit values at the start of the video memory. |
| @example |
| (qemu) xp/80hx 0xb8000 |
| 0x000b8000: 0x0b50 0x0b6c 0x0b65 0x0b78 0x0b38 0x0b36 0x0b2f 0x0b42 |
| 0x000b8010: 0x0b6f 0x0b63 0x0b68 0x0b73 0x0b20 0x0b56 0x0b47 0x0b41 |
| 0x000b8020: 0x0b42 0x0b69 0x0b6f 0x0b73 0x0b20 0x0b63 0x0b75 0x0b72 |
| 0x000b8030: 0x0b72 0x0b65 0x0b6e 0x0b74 0x0b2d 0x0b63 0x0b76 0x0b73 |
| 0x000b8040: 0x0b20 0x0b30 0x0b35 0x0b20 0x0b4e 0x0b6f 0x0b76 0x0b20 |
| 0x000b8050: 0x0b32 0x0b30 0x0b30 0x0b33 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
| 0x000b8060: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
| 0x000b8070: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
| 0x000b8080: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
| 0x000b8090: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
| @end example |
| @end itemize |
| |
| @item p or print/fmt expr |
| |
| Print expression value. Only the @var{format} part of @var{fmt} is |
| used. |
| |
| @item sendkey keys |
| |
| Send @var{keys} to the emulator. Use @code{-} to press several keys |
| simultaneously. Example: |
| @example |
| sendkey ctrl-alt-f1 |
| @end example |
| |
| This command is useful to send keys that your graphical user interface |
| intercepts at low level, such as @code{ctrl-alt-f1} in X Window. |
| |
| @item system_reset |
| |
| Reset the system. |
| |
| @end table |
| |
| @subsection Integer expressions |
| |
| The monitor understands integers expressions for every integer |
| argument. You can use register names to get the value of specifics |
| CPU registers by prefixing them with @emph{$}. |
| |
| @node disk_images |
| @section Disk Images |
| |
| Since version 0.6.1, QEMU supports many disk image formats, including |
| growable disk images (their size increase as non empty sectors are |
| written), compressed and encrypted disk images. |
| |
| @subsection Quick start for disk image creation |
| |
| You can create a disk image with the command: |
| @example |
| qemu-img create myimage.img mysize |
| @end example |
| where @var{myimage.img} is the disk image filename and @var{mysize} is its |
| size in kilobytes. You can add an @code{M} suffix to give the size in |
| megabytes and a @code{G} suffix for gigabytes. |
| |
| @xref{qemu_img_invocation} for more information. |
| |
| @subsection Snapshot mode |
| |
| If you use the option @option{-snapshot}, all disk images are |
| considered as read only. When sectors in written, they are written in |
| a temporary file created in @file{/tmp}. You can however force the |
| write back to the raw disk images by using the @code{commit} monitor |
| command (or @key{C-a s} in the serial console). |
| |
| @node qemu_img_invocation |
| @subsection @code{qemu-img} Invocation |
| |
| @include qemu-img.texi |
| |
| @section Network emulation |
| |
| QEMU simulates up to 6 networks cards (NE2000 boards). Each card can |
| be connected to a specific host network interface. |
| |
| @subsection Using tun/tap network interface |
| |
| This is the standard way to emulate network. QEMU adds a virtual |
| network device on your host (called @code{tun0}), and you can then |
| configure it as if it was a real ethernet card. |
| |
| As an example, you can download the @file{linux-test-xxx.tar.gz} |
| archive and copy the script @file{qemu-ifup} in @file{/etc} and |
| configure properly @code{sudo} so that the command @code{ifconfig} |
| contained in @file{qemu-ifup} can be executed as root. You must verify |
| that your host kernel supports the TUN/TAP network interfaces: the |
| device @file{/dev/net/tun} must be present. |
| |
| See @ref{direct_linux_boot} to have an example of network use with a |
| Linux distribution. |
| |
| @subsection Using the user mode network stack |
| |
| By using the option @option{-user-net} or if you have no tun/tap init |
| script, QEMU uses a completely user mode network stack (you don't need |
| root priviledge to use the virtual network). The virtual network |
| configuration is the following: |
| |
| @example |
| |
| QEMU Virtual Machine <------> Firewall/DHCP server <-----> Internet |
| (10.0.2.x) | (10.0.2.2) |
| | |
| ----> DNS server (10.0.2.3) |
| | |
| ----> SMB server (10.0.2.4) |
| @end example |
| |
| The QEMU VM behaves as if it was behind a firewall which blocks all |
| incoming connections. You can use a DHCP client to automatically |
| configure the network in the QEMU VM. |
| |
| In order to check that the user mode network is working, you can ping |
| the address 10.0.2.2 and verify that you got an address in the range |
| 10.0.2.x from the QEMU virtual DHCP server. |
| |
| Note that @code{ping} is not supported reliably to the internet as it |
| would require root priviledges. It means you can only ping the local |
| router (10.0.2.2). |
| |
| When using the built-in TFTP server, the router is also the TFTP |
| server. |
| |
| When using the @option{-redir} option, TCP or UDP connections can be |
| redirected from the host to the guest. It allows for example to |
| redirect X11, telnet or SSH connections. |
| |
| @node direct_linux_boot |
| @section Direct Linux Boot |
| |
| This section explains how to launch a Linux kernel inside QEMU without |
| having to make a full bootable image. It is very useful for fast Linux |
| kernel testing. The QEMU network configuration is also explained. |
| |
| @enumerate |
| @item |
| Download the archive @file{linux-test-xxx.tar.gz} containing a Linux |
| kernel and a disk image. |
| |
| @item Optional: If you want network support (for example to launch X11 examples), you |
| must copy the script @file{qemu-ifup} in @file{/etc} and configure |
| properly @code{sudo} so that the command @code{ifconfig} contained in |
| @file{qemu-ifup} can be executed as root. You must verify that your host |
| kernel supports the TUN/TAP network interfaces: the device |
| @file{/dev/net/tun} must be present. |
| |
| When network is enabled, there is a virtual network connection between |
| the host kernel and the emulated kernel. The emulated kernel is seen |
| from the host kernel at IP address 172.20.0.2 and the host kernel is |
| seen from the emulated kernel at IP address 172.20.0.1. |
| |
| @item Launch @code{qemu.sh}. You should have the following output: |
| |
| @example |
| > ./qemu.sh |
| Connected to host network interface: tun0 |
| Linux version 2.4.21 (bellard@voyager.localdomain) (gcc version 3.2.2 20030222 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.2-5)) #5 Tue Nov 11 18:18:53 CET 2003 |
| BIOS-provided physical RAM map: |
| BIOS-e801: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f000 (usable) |
| BIOS-e801: 0000000000100000 - 0000000002000000 (usable) |
| 32MB LOWMEM available. |
| On node 0 totalpages: 8192 |
| zone(0): 4096 pages. |
| zone(1): 4096 pages. |
| zone(2): 0 pages. |
| Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda sb=0x220,5,1,5 ide2=noprobe ide3=noprobe ide4=noprobe ide5=noprobe console=ttyS0 |
| ide_setup: ide2=noprobe |
| ide_setup: ide3=noprobe |
| ide_setup: ide4=noprobe |
| ide_setup: ide5=noprobe |
| Initializing CPU#0 |
| Detected 2399.621 MHz processor. |
| Console: colour EGA 80x25 |
| Calibrating delay loop... 4744.80 BogoMIPS |
| Memory: 28872k/32768k available (1210k kernel code, 3508k reserved, 266k data, 64k init, 0k highmem) |
| Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) |
| Inode cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) |
| Mount cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) |
| Buffer-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) |
| Page-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) |
| CPU: Intel Pentium Pro stepping 03 |
| Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK. |
| POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX |
| Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4 |
| Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039 |
| Initializing RT netlink socket |
| apm: BIOS not found. |
| Starting kswapd |
| Journalled Block Device driver loaded |
| Detected PS/2 Mouse Port. |
| pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured |
| Serial driver version 5.05c (2001-07-08) with no serial options enabled |
| ttyS00 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16450 |
| ne.c:v1.10 9/23/94 Donald Becker (becker@scyld.com) |
| Last modified Nov 1, 2000 by Paul Gortmaker |
| NE*000 ethercard probe at 0x300: 52 54 00 12 34 56 |
| eth0: NE2000 found at 0x300, using IRQ 9. |
| RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize |
| Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00beta4-2.4 |
| ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx |
| hda: QEMU HARDDISK, ATA DISK drive |
| ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14 |
| hda: attached ide-disk driver. |
| hda: 20480 sectors (10 MB) w/256KiB Cache, CHS=20/16/63 |
| Partition check: |
| hda: |
| Soundblaster audio driver Copyright (C) by Hannu Savolainen 1993-1996 |
| NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0 |
| IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP |
| IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes |
| TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 4096) |
| NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0. |
| EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended |
| VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem). |
| Freeing unused kernel memory: 64k freed |
| |
| Linux version 2.4.21 (bellard@voyager.localdomain) (gcc version 3.2.2 20030222 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.2-5)) #5 Tue Nov 11 18:18:53 CET 2003 |
| |
| QEMU Linux test distribution (based on Redhat 9) |
| |
| Type 'exit' to halt the system |
| |
| sh-2.05b# |
| @end example |
| |
| @item |
| Then you can play with the kernel inside the virtual serial console. You |
| can launch @code{ls} for example. Type @key{Ctrl-a h} to have an help |
| about the keys you can type inside the virtual serial console. In |
| particular, use @key{Ctrl-a x} to exit QEMU and use @key{Ctrl-a b} as |
| the Magic SysRq key. |
| |
| @item |
| If the network is enabled, launch the script @file{/etc/linuxrc} in the |
| emulator (don't forget the leading dot): |
| @example |
| . /etc/linuxrc |
| @end example |
| |
| Then enable X11 connections on your PC from the emulated Linux: |
| @example |
| xhost +172.20.0.2 |
| @end example |
| |
| You can now launch @file{xterm} or @file{xlogo} and verify that you have |
| a real Virtual Linux system ! |
| |
| @end enumerate |
| |
| NOTES: |
| @enumerate |
| @item |
| A 2.5.74 kernel is also included in the archive. Just |
| replace the bzImage in qemu.sh to try it. |
| |
| @item |
| In order to exit cleanly from qemu, you can do a @emph{shutdown} inside |
| qemu. qemu will automatically exit when the Linux shutdown is done. |
| |
| @item |
| You can boot slightly faster by disabling the probe of non present IDE |
| interfaces. To do so, add the following options on the kernel command |
| line: |
| @example |
| ide1=noprobe ide2=noprobe ide3=noprobe ide4=noprobe ide5=noprobe |
| @end example |
| |
| @item |
| The example disk image is a modified version of the one made by Kevin |
| Lawton for the plex86 Project (@url{www.plex86.org}). |
| |
| @end enumerate |
| |
| @node gdb_usage |
| @section GDB usage |
| |
| QEMU has a primitive support to work with gdb, so that you can do |
| 'Ctrl-C' while the virtual machine is running and inspect its state. |
| |
| In order to use gdb, launch qemu with the '-s' option. It will wait for a |
| gdb connection: |
| @example |
| > qemu -s -kernel arch/i386/boot/bzImage -hda root-2.4.20.img -append "root=/dev/hda" |
| Connected to host network interface: tun0 |
| Waiting gdb connection on port 1234 |
| @end example |
| |
| Then launch gdb on the 'vmlinux' executable: |
| @example |
| > gdb vmlinux |
| @end example |
| |
| In gdb, connect to QEMU: |
| @example |
| (gdb) target remote localhost:1234 |
| @end example |
| |
| Then you can use gdb normally. For example, type 'c' to launch the kernel: |
| @example |
| (gdb) c |
| @end example |
| |
| Here are some useful tips in order to use gdb on system code: |
| |
| @enumerate |
| @item |
| Use @code{info reg} to display all the CPU registers. |
| @item |
| Use @code{x/10i $eip} to display the code at the PC position. |
| @item |
| Use @code{set architecture i8086} to dump 16 bit code. Then use |
| @code{x/10i $cs*16+*eip} to dump the code at the PC position. |
| @end enumerate |
| |
| @section Target OS specific information |
| |
| @subsection Linux |
| |
| To have access to SVGA graphic modes under X11, use the @code{vesa} or |
| the @code{cirrus} X11 driver. For optimal performances, use 16 bit |
| color depth in the guest and the host OS. |
| |
| When using a 2.6 guest Linux kernel, you should add the option |
| @code{clock=pit} on the kernel command line because the 2.6 Linux |
| kernels make very strict real time clock checks by default that QEMU |
| cannot simulate exactly. |
| |
| When using a 2.6 guest Linux kernel, verify that the 4G/4G patch is |
| not activated because QEMU is slower with this patch. The QEMU |
| Accelerator Module is also much slower in this case. Earlier Fedora |
| Core 3 Linux kernel (< 2.6.9-1.724_FC3) were known to incorporte this |
| patch by default. Newer kernels don't have it. |
| |
| @subsection Windows |
| |
| If you have a slow host, using Windows 95 is better as it gives the |
| best speed. Windows 2000 is also a good choice. |
| |
| @subsubsection SVGA graphic modes support |
| |
| QEMU emulates a Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video |
| card. All Windows versions starting from Windows 95 should recognize |
| and use this graphic card. For optimal performances, use 16 bit color |
| depth in the guest and the host OS. |
| |
| @subsubsection CPU usage reduction |
| |
| Windows 9x does not correctly use the CPU HLT |
| instruction. The result is that it takes host CPU cycles even when |
| idle. You can install the utility from |
| @url{http://www.user.cityline.ru/~maxamn/amnhltm.zip} to solve this |
| problem. Note that no such tool is needed for NT, 2000 or XP. |
| |
| @subsubsection Windows 2000 disk full problem |
| |
| Windows 2000 has a bug which gives a disk full problem during its |
| installation. When installing it, use the @option{-win2k-hack} QEMU |
| option to enable a specific workaround. After Windows 2000 is |
| installed, you no longer need this option (this option slows down the |
| IDE transfers). |
| |
| @subsubsection Windows 2000 shutdown |
| |
| Windows 2000 cannot automatically shutdown in QEMU although Windows 98 |
| can. It comes from the fact that Windows 2000 does not automatically |
| use the APM driver provided by the BIOS. |
| |
| In order to correct that, do the following (thanks to Struan |
| Bartlett): go to the Control Panel => Add/Remove Hardware & Next => |
| Add/Troubleshoot a device => Add a new device & Next => No, select the |
| hardware from a list & Next => NT Apm/Legacy Support & Next => Next |
| (again) a few times. Now the driver is installed and Windows 2000 now |
| correctly instructs QEMU to shutdown at the appropriate moment. |
| |
| @subsubsection Share a directory between Unix and Windows |
| |
| See @ref{sec_invocation} about the help of the option @option{-smb}. |
| |
| @subsubsection Windows XP security problems |
| |
| Some releases of Windows XP install correctly but give a security |
| error when booting: |
| @example |
| A problem is preventing Windows from accurately checking the |
| license for this computer. Error code: 0x800703e6. |
| @end example |
| The only known workaround is to boot in Safe mode |
| without networking support. |
| |
| Future QEMU releases are likely to correct this bug. |
| |
| @subsection MS-DOS and FreeDOS |
| |
| @subsubsection CPU usage reduction |
| |
| DOS does not correctly use the CPU HLT instruction. The result is that |
| it takes host CPU cycles even when idle. You can install the utility |
| from @url{http://www.vmware.com/software/dosidle210.zip} to solve this |
| problem. |
| |
| @chapter QEMU PowerPC System emulator invocation |
| |
| Use the executable @file{qemu-system-ppc} to simulate a complete PREP |
| or PowerMac PowerPC system. |
| |
| QEMU emulates the following PowerMac peripherals: |
| |
| @itemize @minus |
| @item |
| UniNorth PCI Bridge |
| @item |
| PCI VGA compatible card with VESA Bochs Extensions |
| @item |
| 2 PMAC IDE interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support |
| @item |
| NE2000 PCI adapters |
| @item |
| Non Volatile RAM |
| @item |
| VIA-CUDA with ADB keyboard and mouse. |
| @end itemize |
| |
| QEMU emulates the following PREP peripherals: |
| |
| @itemize @minus |
| @item |
| PCI Bridge |
| @item |
| PCI VGA compatible card with VESA Bochs Extensions |
| @item |
| 2 IDE interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support |
| @item |
| Floppy disk |
| @item |
| NE2000 network adapters |
| @item |
| Serial port |
| @item |
| PREP Non Volatile RAM |
| @item |
| PC compatible keyboard and mouse. |
| @end itemize |
| |
| QEMU uses the Open Hack'Ware Open Firmware Compatible BIOS available at |
| @url{http://site.voila.fr/jmayer/OpenHackWare/index.htm}. |
| |
| You can read the qemu PC system emulation chapter to have more |
| informations about QEMU usage. |
| |
| @c man begin OPTIONS |
| |
| The following options are specific to the PowerPC emulation: |
| |
| @table @option |
| |
| @item -prep |
| Simulate a PREP system (default is PowerMAC) |
| |
| @item -g WxH[xDEPTH] |
| |
| Set the initial VGA graphic mode. The default is 800x600x15. |
| |
| @end table |
| |
| @c man end |
| |
| |
| More information is available at |
| @url{http://jocelyn.mayer.free.fr/qemu-ppc/}. |
| |
| @chapter Sparc32 System emulator invocation |
| |
| Use the executable @file{qemu-system-sparc} to simulate a JavaStation |
| (sun4m architecture). The emulation is somewhat complete. |
| |
| QEMU emulates the following sun4m peripherals: |
| |
| @itemize @minus |
| @item |
| IOMMU |
| @item |
| TCX Frame buffer |
| @item |
| Lance (Am7990) Ethernet |
| @item |
| Non Volatile RAM M48T08 |
| @item |
| Slave I/O: timers, interrupt controllers, Zilog serial ports, keyboard |
| and power/reset logic |
| @item |
| ESP SCSI controller with hard disk and CD-ROM support |
| @item |
| Floppy drive |
| @end itemize |
| |
| The number of peripherals is fixed in the architecture. |
| |
| QEMU uses the Proll, a PROM replacement available at |
| @url{http://people.redhat.com/zaitcev/linux/}. The required |
| QEMU-specific patches are included with the sources. |
| |
| A sample Linux 2.6 series kernel and ram disk image are available on |
| the QEMU web site. Please note that currently neither Linux 2.4 |
| series, NetBSD, nor OpenBSD kernels work. |
| |
| @c man begin OPTIONS |
| |
| The following options are specific to the Sparc emulation: |
| |
| @table @option |
| |
| @item -g WxH |
| |
| Set the initial TCX graphic mode. The default is 1024x768. |
| |
| @end table |
| |
| @c man end |
| |
| @chapter Sparc64 System emulator invocation |
| |
| Use the executable @file{qemu-system-sparc64} to simulate a Sun4u machine. |
| The emulator is not usable for anything yet. |
| |
| QEMU emulates the following sun4u peripherals: |
| |
| @itemize @minus |
| @item |
| UltraSparc IIi APB PCI Bridge |
| @item |
| PCI VGA compatible card with VESA Bochs Extensions |
| @item |
| Non Volatile RAM M48T59 |
| @item |
| PC-compatible serial ports |
| @end itemize |
| |
| @chapter MIPS System emulator invocation |
| |
| Use the executable @file{qemu-system-mips} to simulate a MIPS machine. |
| The emulator begins to launch a Linux kernel. |
| |
| @chapter QEMU User space emulator invocation |
| |
| @section Quick Start |
| |
| In order to launch a Linux process, QEMU needs the process executable |
| itself and all the target (x86) dynamic libraries used by it. |
| |
| @itemize |
| |
| @item On x86, you can just try to launch any process by using the native |
| libraries: |
| |
| @example |
| qemu-i386 -L / /bin/ls |
| @end example |
| |
| @code{-L /} tells that the x86 dynamic linker must be searched with a |
| @file{/} prefix. |
| |
| @item Since QEMU is also a linux process, you can launch qemu with qemu (NOTE: you can only do that if you compiled QEMU from the sources): |
| |
| @example |
| qemu-i386 -L / qemu-i386 -L / /bin/ls |
| @end example |
| |
| @item On non x86 CPUs, you need first to download at least an x86 glibc |
| (@file{qemu-runtime-i386-XXX-.tar.gz} on the QEMU web page). Ensure that |
| @code{LD_LIBRARY_PATH} is not set: |
| |
| @example |
| unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH |
| @end example |
| |
| Then you can launch the precompiled @file{ls} x86 executable: |
| |
| @example |
| qemu-i386 tests/i386/ls |
| @end example |
| You can look at @file{qemu-binfmt-conf.sh} so that |
| QEMU is automatically launched by the Linux kernel when you try to |
| launch x86 executables. It requires the @code{binfmt_misc} module in the |
| Linux kernel. |
| |
| @item The x86 version of QEMU is also included. You can try weird things such as: |
| @example |
| qemu-i386 /usr/local/qemu-i386/bin/qemu-i386 /usr/local/qemu-i386/bin/ls-i386 |
| @end example |
| |
| @end itemize |
| |
| @section Wine launch |
| |
| @itemize |
| |
| @item Ensure that you have a working QEMU with the x86 glibc |
| distribution (see previous section). In order to verify it, you must be |
| able to do: |
| |
| @example |
| qemu-i386 /usr/local/qemu-i386/bin/ls-i386 |
| @end example |
| |
| @item Download the binary x86 Wine install |
| (@file{qemu-XXX-i386-wine.tar.gz} on the QEMU web page). |
| |
| @item Configure Wine on your account. Look at the provided script |
| @file{/usr/local/qemu-i386/bin/wine-conf.sh}. Your previous |
| @code{$@{HOME@}/.wine} directory is saved to @code{$@{HOME@}/.wine.org}. |
| |
| @item Then you can try the example @file{putty.exe}: |
| |
| @example |
| qemu-i386 /usr/local/qemu-i386/wine/bin/wine /usr/local/qemu-i386/wine/c/Program\ Files/putty.exe |
| @end example |
| |
| @end itemize |
| |
| @section Command line options |
| |
| @example |
| usage: qemu-i386 [-h] [-d] [-L path] [-s size] program [arguments...] |
| @end example |
| |
| @table @option |
| @item -h |
| Print the help |
| @item -L path |
| Set the x86 elf interpreter prefix (default=/usr/local/qemu-i386) |
| @item -s size |
| Set the x86 stack size in bytes (default=524288) |
| @end table |
| |
| Debug options: |
| |
| @table @option |
| @item -d |
| Activate log (logfile=/tmp/qemu.log) |
| @item -p pagesize |
| Act as if the host page size was 'pagesize' bytes |
| @end table |
| |
| @node compilation |
| @chapter Compilation from the sources |
| |
| @section Linux/Unix |
| |
| @subsection Compilation |
| |
| First you must decompress the sources: |
| @example |
| cd /tmp |
| tar zxvf qemu-x.y.z.tar.gz |
| cd qemu-x.y.z |
| @end example |
| |
| Then you configure QEMU and build it (usually no options are needed): |
| @example |
| ./configure |
| make |
| @end example |
| |
| Then type as root user: |
| @example |
| make install |
| @end example |
| to install QEMU in @file{/usr/local}. |
| |
| @subsection Tested tool versions |
| |
| In order to compile QEMU succesfully, it is very important that you |
| have the right tools. The most important one is gcc. I cannot guaranty |
| that QEMU works if you do not use a tested gcc version. Look at |
| 'configure' and 'Makefile' if you want to make a different gcc |
| version work. |
| |
| @example |
| host gcc binutils glibc linux distribution |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| x86 3.2 2.13.2 2.1.3 2.4.18 |
| 2.96 2.11.93.0.2 2.2.5 2.4.18 Red Hat 7.3 |
| 3.2.2 2.13.90.0.18 2.3.2 2.4.20 Red Hat 9 |
| |
| PowerPC 3.3 [4] 2.13.90.0.18 2.3.1 2.4.20briq |
| 3.2 |
| |
| Alpha 3.3 [1] 2.14.90.0.4 2.2.5 2.2.20 [2] Debian 3.0 |
| |
| Sparc32 2.95.4 2.12.90.0.1 2.2.5 2.4.18 Debian 3.0 |
| |
| ARM 2.95.4 2.12.90.0.1 2.2.5 2.4.9 [3] Debian 3.0 |
| |
| [1] On Alpha, QEMU needs the gcc 'visibility' attribute only available |
| for gcc version >= 3.3. |
| [2] Linux >= 2.4.20 is necessary for precise exception support |
| (untested). |
| [3] 2.4.9-ac10-rmk2-np1-cerf2 |
| |
| [4] gcc 2.95.x generates invalid code when using too many register |
| variables. You must use gcc 3.x on PowerPC. |
| @end example |
| |
| @section Windows |
| |
| @itemize |
| @item Install the current versions of MSYS and MinGW from |
| @url{http://www.mingw.org/}. You can find detailed installation |
| instructions in the download section and the FAQ. |
| |
| @item Download |
| the MinGW development library of SDL 1.2.x |
| (@file{SDL-devel-1.2.x-mingw32.tar.gz}) from |
| @url{http://www.libsdl.org}. Unpack it in a temporary place, and |
| unpack the archive @file{i386-mingw32msvc.tar.gz} in the MinGW tool |
| directory. Edit the @file{sdl-config} script so that it gives the |
| correct SDL directory when invoked. |
| |
| @item Extract the current version of QEMU. |
| |
| @item Start the MSYS shell (file @file{msys.bat}). |
| |
| @item Change to the QEMU directory. Launch @file{./configure} and |
| @file{make}. If you have problems using SDL, verify that |
| @file{sdl-config} can be launched from the MSYS command line. |
| |
| @item You can install QEMU in @file{Program Files/Qemu} by typing |
| @file{make install}. Don't forget to copy @file{SDL.dll} in |
| @file{Program Files/Qemu}. |
| |
| @end itemize |
| |
| @section Cross compilation for Windows with Linux |
| |
| @itemize |
| @item |
| Install the MinGW cross compilation tools available at |
| @url{http://www.mingw.org/}. |
| |
| @item |
| Install the Win32 version of SDL (@url{http://www.libsdl.org}) by |
| unpacking @file{i386-mingw32msvc.tar.gz}. Set up the PATH environment |
| variable so that @file{i386-mingw32msvc-sdl-config} can be launched by |
| the QEMU configuration script. |
| |
| @item |
| Configure QEMU for Windows cross compilation: |
| @example |
| ./configure --enable-mingw32 |
| @end example |
| If necessary, you can change the cross-prefix according to the prefix |
| choosen for the MinGW tools with --cross-prefix. You can also use |
| --prefix to set the Win32 install path. |
| |
| @item You can install QEMU in the installation directory by typing |
| @file{make install}. Don't forget to copy @file{SDL.dll} in the |
| installation directory. |
| |
| @end itemize |
| |
| Note: Currently, Wine does not seem able to launch |
| QEMU for Win32. |
| |
| @section Mac OS X |
| |
| The Mac OS X patches are not fully merged in QEMU, so you should look |
| at the QEMU mailing list archive to have all the necessary |
| information. |
| |