| /* | 
 |  * Physical memory management | 
 |  * | 
 |  * Copyright 2011 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates | 
 |  * | 
 |  * Authors: | 
 |  *  Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> | 
 |  * | 
 |  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See | 
 |  * the COPYING file in the top-level directory. | 
 |  * | 
 |  * Contributions after 2012-01-13 are licensed under the terms of the | 
 |  * GNU GPL, version 2 or (at your option) any later version. | 
 |  */ | 
 |  | 
 | #include "qemu/osdep.h" | 
 | #include "qemu/log.h" | 
 | #include "qapi/error.h" | 
 | #include "exec/memory.h" | 
 | #include "qapi/visitor.h" | 
 | #include "qemu/bitops.h" | 
 | #include "qemu/error-report.h" | 
 | #include "qemu/main-loop.h" | 
 | #include "qemu/qemu-print.h" | 
 | #include "qom/object.h" | 
 | #include "trace.h" | 
 |  | 
 | #include "exec/memory-internal.h" | 
 | #include "exec/ram_addr.h" | 
 | #include "sysemu/kvm.h" | 
 | #include "sysemu/runstate.h" | 
 | #include "sysemu/tcg.h" | 
 | #include "qemu/accel.h" | 
 | #include "hw/boards.h" | 
 | #include "migration/vmstate.h" | 
 | #include "exec/address-spaces.h" | 
 |  | 
 | //#define DEBUG_UNASSIGNED | 
 |  | 
 | static unsigned memory_region_transaction_depth; | 
 | static bool memory_region_update_pending; | 
 | static bool ioeventfd_update_pending; | 
 | unsigned int global_dirty_tracking; | 
 |  | 
 | static QTAILQ_HEAD(, MemoryListener) memory_listeners | 
 |     = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(memory_listeners); | 
 |  | 
 | static QTAILQ_HEAD(, AddressSpace) address_spaces | 
 |     = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(address_spaces); | 
 |  | 
 | static GHashTable *flat_views; | 
 |  | 
 | typedef struct AddrRange AddrRange; | 
 |  | 
 | /* | 
 |  * Note that signed integers are needed for negative offsetting in aliases | 
 |  * (large MemoryRegion::alias_offset). | 
 |  */ | 
 | struct AddrRange { | 
 |     Int128 start; | 
 |     Int128 size; | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | static AddrRange addrrange_make(Int128 start, Int128 size) | 
 | { | 
 |     return (AddrRange) { start, size }; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static bool addrrange_equal(AddrRange r1, AddrRange r2) | 
 | { | 
 |     return int128_eq(r1.start, r2.start) && int128_eq(r1.size, r2.size); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static Int128 addrrange_end(AddrRange r) | 
 | { | 
 |     return int128_add(r.start, r.size); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static AddrRange addrrange_shift(AddrRange range, Int128 delta) | 
 | { | 
 |     int128_addto(&range.start, delta); | 
 |     return range; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static bool addrrange_contains(AddrRange range, Int128 addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return int128_ge(addr, range.start) | 
 |         && int128_lt(addr, addrrange_end(range)); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static bool addrrange_intersects(AddrRange r1, AddrRange r2) | 
 | { | 
 |     return addrrange_contains(r1, r2.start) | 
 |         || addrrange_contains(r2, r1.start); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static AddrRange addrrange_intersection(AddrRange r1, AddrRange r2) | 
 | { | 
 |     Int128 start = int128_max(r1.start, r2.start); | 
 |     Int128 end = int128_min(addrrange_end(r1), addrrange_end(r2)); | 
 |     return addrrange_make(start, int128_sub(end, start)); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | enum ListenerDirection { Forward, Reverse }; | 
 |  | 
 | #define MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(_callback, _direction, _args...)    \ | 
 |     do {                                                                \ | 
 |         MemoryListener *_listener;                                      \ | 
 |                                                                         \ | 
 |         switch (_direction) {                                           \ | 
 |         case Forward:                                                   \ | 
 |             QTAILQ_FOREACH(_listener, &memory_listeners, link) {        \ | 
 |                 if (_listener->_callback) {                             \ | 
 |                     _listener->_callback(_listener, ##_args);           \ | 
 |                 }                                                       \ | 
 |             }                                                           \ | 
 |             break;                                                      \ | 
 |         case Reverse:                                                   \ | 
 |             QTAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(_listener, &memory_listeners, link) { \ | 
 |                 if (_listener->_callback) {                             \ | 
 |                     _listener->_callback(_listener, ##_args);           \ | 
 |                 }                                                       \ | 
 |             }                                                           \ | 
 |             break;                                                      \ | 
 |         default:                                                        \ | 
 |             abort();                                                    \ | 
 |         }                                                               \ | 
 |     } while (0) | 
 |  | 
 | #define MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(_as, _callback, _direction, _section, _args...) \ | 
 |     do {                                                                \ | 
 |         MemoryListener *_listener;                                      \ | 
 |                                                                         \ | 
 |         switch (_direction) {                                           \ | 
 |         case Forward:                                                   \ | 
 |             QTAILQ_FOREACH(_listener, &(_as)->listeners, link_as) {     \ | 
 |                 if (_listener->_callback) {                             \ | 
 |                     _listener->_callback(_listener, _section, ##_args); \ | 
 |                 }                                                       \ | 
 |             }                                                           \ | 
 |             break;                                                      \ | 
 |         case Reverse:                                                   \ | 
 |             QTAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(_listener, &(_as)->listeners, link_as) { \ | 
 |                 if (_listener->_callback) {                             \ | 
 |                     _listener->_callback(_listener, _section, ##_args); \ | 
 |                 }                                                       \ | 
 |             }                                                           \ | 
 |             break;                                                      \ | 
 |         default:                                                        \ | 
 |             abort();                                                    \ | 
 |         }                                                               \ | 
 |     } while (0) | 
 |  | 
 | /* No need to ref/unref .mr, the FlatRange keeps it alive.  */ | 
 | #define MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(fr, as, dir, callback, _args...)  \ | 
 |     do {                                                                \ | 
 |         MemoryRegionSection mrs = section_from_flat_range(fr,           \ | 
 |                 address_space_to_flatview(as));                         \ | 
 |         MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(as, callback, dir, &mrs, ##_args);         \ | 
 |     } while(0) | 
 |  | 
 | struct CoalescedMemoryRange { | 
 |     AddrRange addr; | 
 |     QTAILQ_ENTRY(CoalescedMemoryRange) link; | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | struct MemoryRegionIoeventfd { | 
 |     AddrRange addr; | 
 |     bool match_data; | 
 |     uint64_t data; | 
 |     EventNotifier *e; | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | static bool memory_region_ioeventfd_before(MemoryRegionIoeventfd *a, | 
 |                                            MemoryRegionIoeventfd *b) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (int128_lt(a->addr.start, b->addr.start)) { | 
 |         return true; | 
 |     } else if (int128_gt(a->addr.start, b->addr.start)) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |     } else if (int128_lt(a->addr.size, b->addr.size)) { | 
 |         return true; | 
 |     } else if (int128_gt(a->addr.size, b->addr.size)) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |     } else if (a->match_data < b->match_data) { | 
 |         return true; | 
 |     } else  if (a->match_data > b->match_data) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |     } else if (a->match_data) { | 
 |         if (a->data < b->data) { | 
 |             return true; | 
 |         } else if (a->data > b->data) { | 
 |             return false; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (a->e < b->e) { | 
 |         return true; | 
 |     } else if (a->e > b->e) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return false; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static bool memory_region_ioeventfd_equal(MemoryRegionIoeventfd *a, | 
 |                                           MemoryRegionIoeventfd *b) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (int128_eq(a->addr.start, b->addr.start) && | 
 |         (!int128_nz(a->addr.size) || !int128_nz(b->addr.size) || | 
 |          (int128_eq(a->addr.size, b->addr.size) && | 
 |           (a->match_data == b->match_data) && | 
 |           ((a->match_data && (a->data == b->data)) || !a->match_data) && | 
 |           (a->e == b->e)))) | 
 |         return true; | 
 |  | 
 |     return false; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Range of memory in the global map.  Addresses are absolute. */ | 
 | struct FlatRange { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr; | 
 |     hwaddr offset_in_region; | 
 |     AddrRange addr; | 
 |     uint8_t dirty_log_mask; | 
 |     bool romd_mode; | 
 |     bool readonly; | 
 |     bool nonvolatile; | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | #define FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(var, view)          \ | 
 |     for (var = (view)->ranges; var < (view)->ranges + (view)->nr; ++var) | 
 |  | 
 | static inline MemoryRegionSection | 
 | section_from_flat_range(FlatRange *fr, FlatView *fv) | 
 | { | 
 |     return (MemoryRegionSection) { | 
 |         .mr = fr->mr, | 
 |         .fv = fv, | 
 |         .offset_within_region = fr->offset_in_region, | 
 |         .size = fr->addr.size, | 
 |         .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(fr->addr.start), | 
 |         .readonly = fr->readonly, | 
 |         .nonvolatile = fr->nonvolatile, | 
 |     }; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static bool flatrange_equal(FlatRange *a, FlatRange *b) | 
 | { | 
 |     return a->mr == b->mr | 
 |         && addrrange_equal(a->addr, b->addr) | 
 |         && a->offset_in_region == b->offset_in_region | 
 |         && a->romd_mode == b->romd_mode | 
 |         && a->readonly == b->readonly | 
 |         && a->nonvolatile == b->nonvolatile; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static FlatView *flatview_new(MemoryRegion *mr_root) | 
 | { | 
 |     FlatView *view; | 
 |  | 
 |     view = g_new0(FlatView, 1); | 
 |     view->ref = 1; | 
 |     view->root = mr_root; | 
 |     memory_region_ref(mr_root); | 
 |     trace_flatview_new(view, mr_root); | 
 |  | 
 |     return view; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Insert a range into a given position.  Caller is responsible for maintaining | 
 |  * sorting order. | 
 |  */ | 
 | static void flatview_insert(FlatView *view, unsigned pos, FlatRange *range) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (view->nr == view->nr_allocated) { | 
 |         view->nr_allocated = MAX(2 * view->nr, 10); | 
 |         view->ranges = g_realloc(view->ranges, | 
 |                                     view->nr_allocated * sizeof(*view->ranges)); | 
 |     } | 
 |     memmove(view->ranges + pos + 1, view->ranges + pos, | 
 |             (view->nr - pos) * sizeof(FlatRange)); | 
 |     view->ranges[pos] = *range; | 
 |     memory_region_ref(range->mr); | 
 |     ++view->nr; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void flatview_destroy(FlatView *view) | 
 | { | 
 |     int i; | 
 |  | 
 |     trace_flatview_destroy(view, view->root); | 
 |     if (view->dispatch) { | 
 |         address_space_dispatch_free(view->dispatch); | 
 |     } | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < view->nr; i++) { | 
 |         memory_region_unref(view->ranges[i].mr); | 
 |     } | 
 |     g_free(view->ranges); | 
 |     memory_region_unref(view->root); | 
 |     g_free(view); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static bool flatview_ref(FlatView *view) | 
 | { | 
 |     return qatomic_fetch_inc_nonzero(&view->ref) > 0; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void flatview_unref(FlatView *view) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (qatomic_fetch_dec(&view->ref) == 1) { | 
 |         trace_flatview_destroy_rcu(view, view->root); | 
 |         assert(view->root); | 
 |         call_rcu(view, flatview_destroy, rcu); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static bool can_merge(FlatRange *r1, FlatRange *r2) | 
 | { | 
 |     return int128_eq(addrrange_end(r1->addr), r2->addr.start) | 
 |         && r1->mr == r2->mr | 
 |         && int128_eq(int128_add(int128_make64(r1->offset_in_region), | 
 |                                 r1->addr.size), | 
 |                      int128_make64(r2->offset_in_region)) | 
 |         && r1->dirty_log_mask == r2->dirty_log_mask | 
 |         && r1->romd_mode == r2->romd_mode | 
 |         && r1->readonly == r2->readonly | 
 |         && r1->nonvolatile == r2->nonvolatile; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Attempt to simplify a view by merging adjacent ranges */ | 
 | static void flatview_simplify(FlatView *view) | 
 | { | 
 |     unsigned i, j, k; | 
 |  | 
 |     i = 0; | 
 |     while (i < view->nr) { | 
 |         j = i + 1; | 
 |         while (j < view->nr | 
 |                && can_merge(&view->ranges[j-1], &view->ranges[j])) { | 
 |             int128_addto(&view->ranges[i].addr.size, view->ranges[j].addr.size); | 
 |             ++j; | 
 |         } | 
 |         ++i; | 
 |         for (k = i; k < j; k++) { | 
 |             memory_region_unref(view->ranges[k].mr); | 
 |         } | 
 |         memmove(&view->ranges[i], &view->ranges[j], | 
 |                 (view->nr - j) * sizeof(view->ranges[j])); | 
 |         view->nr -= j - i; | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static bool memory_region_big_endian(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 | #if TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN | 
 |     return mr->ops->endianness != DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN; | 
 | #else | 
 |     return mr->ops->endianness == DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN; | 
 | #endif | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void adjust_endianness(MemoryRegion *mr, uint64_t *data, MemOp op) | 
 | { | 
 |     if ((op & MO_BSWAP) != devend_memop(mr->ops->endianness)) { | 
 |         switch (op & MO_SIZE) { | 
 |         case MO_8: | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case MO_16: | 
 |             *data = bswap16(*data); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case MO_32: | 
 |             *data = bswap32(*data); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case MO_64: | 
 |             *data = bswap64(*data); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         default: | 
 |             g_assert_not_reached(); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static inline void memory_region_shift_read_access(uint64_t *value, | 
 |                                                    signed shift, | 
 |                                                    uint64_t mask, | 
 |                                                    uint64_t tmp) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (shift >= 0) { | 
 |         *value |= (tmp & mask) << shift; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         *value |= (tmp & mask) >> -shift; | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static inline uint64_t memory_region_shift_write_access(uint64_t *value, | 
 |                                                         signed shift, | 
 |                                                         uint64_t mask) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint64_t tmp; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (shift >= 0) { | 
 |         tmp = (*value >> shift) & mask; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         tmp = (*value << -shift) & mask; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return tmp; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static hwaddr memory_region_to_absolute_addr(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr offset) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *root; | 
 |     hwaddr abs_addr = offset; | 
 |  | 
 |     abs_addr += mr->addr; | 
 |     for (root = mr; root->container; ) { | 
 |         root = root->container; | 
 |         abs_addr += root->addr; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return abs_addr; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int get_cpu_index(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (current_cpu) { | 
 |         return current_cpu->cpu_index; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return -1; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static MemTxResult  memory_region_read_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                                 hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                                 uint64_t *value, | 
 |                                                 unsigned size, | 
 |                                                 signed shift, | 
 |                                                 uint64_t mask, | 
 |                                                 MemTxAttrs attrs) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint64_t tmp; | 
 |  | 
 |     tmp = mr->ops->read(mr->opaque, addr, size); | 
 |     if (mr->subpage) { | 
 |         trace_memory_region_subpage_read(get_cpu_index(), mr, addr, tmp, size); | 
 |     } else if (trace_event_get_state_backends(TRACE_MEMORY_REGION_OPS_READ)) { | 
 |         hwaddr abs_addr = memory_region_to_absolute_addr(mr, addr); | 
 |         trace_memory_region_ops_read(get_cpu_index(), mr, abs_addr, tmp, size, | 
 |                                      memory_region_name(mr)); | 
 |     } | 
 |     memory_region_shift_read_access(value, shift, mask, tmp); | 
 |     return MEMTX_OK; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static MemTxResult memory_region_read_with_attrs_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                                           hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                                           uint64_t *value, | 
 |                                                           unsigned size, | 
 |                                                           signed shift, | 
 |                                                           uint64_t mask, | 
 |                                                           MemTxAttrs attrs) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint64_t tmp = 0; | 
 |     MemTxResult r; | 
 |  | 
 |     r = mr->ops->read_with_attrs(mr->opaque, addr, &tmp, size, attrs); | 
 |     if (mr->subpage) { | 
 |         trace_memory_region_subpage_read(get_cpu_index(), mr, addr, tmp, size); | 
 |     } else if (trace_event_get_state_backends(TRACE_MEMORY_REGION_OPS_READ)) { | 
 |         hwaddr abs_addr = memory_region_to_absolute_addr(mr, addr); | 
 |         trace_memory_region_ops_read(get_cpu_index(), mr, abs_addr, tmp, size, | 
 |                                      memory_region_name(mr)); | 
 |     } | 
 |     memory_region_shift_read_access(value, shift, mask, tmp); | 
 |     return r; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static MemTxResult memory_region_write_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                                 hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                                 uint64_t *value, | 
 |                                                 unsigned size, | 
 |                                                 signed shift, | 
 |                                                 uint64_t mask, | 
 |                                                 MemTxAttrs attrs) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint64_t tmp = memory_region_shift_write_access(value, shift, mask); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr->subpage) { | 
 |         trace_memory_region_subpage_write(get_cpu_index(), mr, addr, tmp, size); | 
 |     } else if (trace_event_get_state_backends(TRACE_MEMORY_REGION_OPS_WRITE)) { | 
 |         hwaddr abs_addr = memory_region_to_absolute_addr(mr, addr); | 
 |         trace_memory_region_ops_write(get_cpu_index(), mr, abs_addr, tmp, size, | 
 |                                       memory_region_name(mr)); | 
 |     } | 
 |     mr->ops->write(mr->opaque, addr, tmp, size); | 
 |     return MEMTX_OK; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static MemTxResult memory_region_write_with_attrs_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                                            hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                                            uint64_t *value, | 
 |                                                            unsigned size, | 
 |                                                            signed shift, | 
 |                                                            uint64_t mask, | 
 |                                                            MemTxAttrs attrs) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint64_t tmp = memory_region_shift_write_access(value, shift, mask); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr->subpage) { | 
 |         trace_memory_region_subpage_write(get_cpu_index(), mr, addr, tmp, size); | 
 |     } else if (trace_event_get_state_backends(TRACE_MEMORY_REGION_OPS_WRITE)) { | 
 |         hwaddr abs_addr = memory_region_to_absolute_addr(mr, addr); | 
 |         trace_memory_region_ops_write(get_cpu_index(), mr, abs_addr, tmp, size, | 
 |                                       memory_region_name(mr)); | 
 |     } | 
 |     return mr->ops->write_with_attrs(mr->opaque, addr, tmp, size, attrs); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static MemTxResult access_with_adjusted_size(hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                       uint64_t *value, | 
 |                                       unsigned size, | 
 |                                       unsigned access_size_min, | 
 |                                       unsigned access_size_max, | 
 |                                       MemTxResult (*access_fn) | 
 |                                                   (MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                                    hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                                    uint64_t *value, | 
 |                                                    unsigned size, | 
 |                                                    signed shift, | 
 |                                                    uint64_t mask, | 
 |                                                    MemTxAttrs attrs), | 
 |                                       MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                       MemTxAttrs attrs) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint64_t access_mask; | 
 |     unsigned access_size; | 
 |     unsigned i; | 
 |     MemTxResult r = MEMTX_OK; | 
 |     bool reentrancy_guard_applied = false; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!access_size_min) { | 
 |         access_size_min = 1; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (!access_size_max) { | 
 |         access_size_max = 4; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Do not allow more than one simultaneous access to a device's IO Regions */ | 
 |     if (mr->dev && !mr->disable_reentrancy_guard && | 
 |         !mr->ram_device && !mr->ram && !mr->rom_device && !mr->readonly) { | 
 |         if (mr->dev->mem_reentrancy_guard.engaged_in_io) { | 
 |             warn_report_once("Blocked re-entrant IO on MemoryRegion: " | 
 |                              "%s at addr: 0x%" HWADDR_PRIX, | 
 |                              memory_region_name(mr), addr); | 
 |             return MEMTX_ACCESS_ERROR; | 
 |         } | 
 |         mr->dev->mem_reentrancy_guard.engaged_in_io = true; | 
 |         reentrancy_guard_applied = true; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* FIXME: support unaligned access? */ | 
 |     access_size = MAX(MIN(size, access_size_max), access_size_min); | 
 |     access_mask = MAKE_64BIT_MASK(0, access_size * 8); | 
 |     if (memory_region_big_endian(mr)) { | 
 |         for (i = 0; i < size; i += access_size) { | 
 |             r |= access_fn(mr, addr + i, value, access_size, | 
 |                         (size - access_size - i) * 8, access_mask, attrs); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         for (i = 0; i < size; i += access_size) { | 
 |             r |= access_fn(mr, addr + i, value, access_size, i * 8, | 
 |                         access_mask, attrs); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (mr->dev && reentrancy_guard_applied) { | 
 |         mr->dev->mem_reentrancy_guard.engaged_in_io = false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return r; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static AddressSpace *memory_region_to_address_space(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     AddressSpace *as; | 
 |  | 
 |     while (mr->container) { | 
 |         mr = mr->container; | 
 |     } | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) { | 
 |         if (mr == as->root) { | 
 |             return as; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     return NULL; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Render a memory region into the global view.  Ranges in @view obscure | 
 |  * ranges in @mr. | 
 |  */ | 
 | static void render_memory_region(FlatView *view, | 
 |                                  MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                  Int128 base, | 
 |                                  AddrRange clip, | 
 |                                  bool readonly, | 
 |                                  bool nonvolatile) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *subregion; | 
 |     unsigned i; | 
 |     hwaddr offset_in_region; | 
 |     Int128 remain; | 
 |     Int128 now; | 
 |     FlatRange fr; | 
 |     AddrRange tmp; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!mr->enabled) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     int128_addto(&base, int128_make64(mr->addr)); | 
 |     readonly |= mr->readonly; | 
 |     nonvolatile |= mr->nonvolatile; | 
 |  | 
 |     tmp = addrrange_make(base, mr->size); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!addrrange_intersects(tmp, clip)) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     clip = addrrange_intersection(tmp, clip); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr->alias) { | 
 |         int128_subfrom(&base, int128_make64(mr->alias->addr)); | 
 |         int128_subfrom(&base, int128_make64(mr->alias_offset)); | 
 |         render_memory_region(view, mr->alias, base, clip, | 
 |                              readonly, nonvolatile); | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Render subregions in priority order. */ | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(subregion, &mr->subregions, subregions_link) { | 
 |         render_memory_region(view, subregion, base, clip, | 
 |                              readonly, nonvolatile); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!mr->terminates) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     offset_in_region = int128_get64(int128_sub(clip.start, base)); | 
 |     base = clip.start; | 
 |     remain = clip.size; | 
 |  | 
 |     fr.mr = mr; | 
 |     fr.dirty_log_mask = memory_region_get_dirty_log_mask(mr); | 
 |     fr.romd_mode = mr->romd_mode; | 
 |     fr.readonly = readonly; | 
 |     fr.nonvolatile = nonvolatile; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Render the region itself into any gaps left by the current view. */ | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < view->nr && int128_nz(remain); ++i) { | 
 |         if (int128_ge(base, addrrange_end(view->ranges[i].addr))) { | 
 |             continue; | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (int128_lt(base, view->ranges[i].addr.start)) { | 
 |             now = int128_min(remain, | 
 |                              int128_sub(view->ranges[i].addr.start, base)); | 
 |             fr.offset_in_region = offset_in_region; | 
 |             fr.addr = addrrange_make(base, now); | 
 |             flatview_insert(view, i, &fr); | 
 |             ++i; | 
 |             int128_addto(&base, now); | 
 |             offset_in_region += int128_get64(now); | 
 |             int128_subfrom(&remain, now); | 
 |         } | 
 |         now = int128_sub(int128_min(int128_add(base, remain), | 
 |                                     addrrange_end(view->ranges[i].addr)), | 
 |                          base); | 
 |         int128_addto(&base, now); | 
 |         offset_in_region += int128_get64(now); | 
 |         int128_subfrom(&remain, now); | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (int128_nz(remain)) { | 
 |         fr.offset_in_region = offset_in_region; | 
 |         fr.addr = addrrange_make(base, remain); | 
 |         flatview_insert(view, i, &fr); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void flatview_for_each_range(FlatView *fv, flatview_cb cb , void *opaque) | 
 | { | 
 |     FlatRange *fr; | 
 |  | 
 |     assert(fv); | 
 |     assert(cb); | 
 |  | 
 |     FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, fv) { | 
 |         if (cb(fr->addr.start, fr->addr.size, fr->mr, | 
 |                fr->offset_in_region, opaque)) { | 
 |             break; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static MemoryRegion *memory_region_get_flatview_root(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     while (mr->enabled) { | 
 |         if (mr->alias) { | 
 |             if (!mr->alias_offset && int128_ge(mr->size, mr->alias->size)) { | 
 |                 /* The alias is included in its entirety.  Use it as | 
 |                  * the "real" root, so that we can share more FlatViews. | 
 |                  */ | 
 |                 mr = mr->alias; | 
 |                 continue; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } else if (!mr->terminates) { | 
 |             unsigned int found = 0; | 
 |             MemoryRegion *child, *next = NULL; | 
 |             QTAILQ_FOREACH(child, &mr->subregions, subregions_link) { | 
 |                 if (child->enabled) { | 
 |                     if (++found > 1) { | 
 |                         next = NULL; | 
 |                         break; | 
 |                     } | 
 |                     if (!child->addr && int128_ge(mr->size, child->size)) { | 
 |                         /* A child is included in its entirety.  If it's the only | 
 |                          * enabled one, use it in the hope of finding an alias down the | 
 |                          * way. This will also let us share FlatViews. | 
 |                          */ | 
 |                         next = child; | 
 |                     } | 
 |                 } | 
 |             } | 
 |             if (found == 0) { | 
 |                 return NULL; | 
 |             } | 
 |             if (next) { | 
 |                 mr = next; | 
 |                 continue; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         return mr; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return NULL; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Render a memory topology into a list of disjoint absolute ranges. */ | 
 | static FlatView *generate_memory_topology(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     int i; | 
 |     FlatView *view; | 
 |  | 
 |     view = flatview_new(mr); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr) { | 
 |         render_memory_region(view, mr, int128_zero(), | 
 |                              addrrange_make(int128_zero(), int128_2_64()), | 
 |                              false, false); | 
 |     } | 
 |     flatview_simplify(view); | 
 |  | 
 |     view->dispatch = address_space_dispatch_new(view); | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < view->nr; i++) { | 
 |         MemoryRegionSection mrs = | 
 |             section_from_flat_range(&view->ranges[i], view); | 
 |         flatview_add_to_dispatch(view, &mrs); | 
 |     } | 
 |     address_space_dispatch_compact(view->dispatch); | 
 |     g_hash_table_replace(flat_views, mr, view); | 
 |  | 
 |     return view; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void address_space_add_del_ioeventfds(AddressSpace *as, | 
 |                                              MemoryRegionIoeventfd *fds_new, | 
 |                                              unsigned fds_new_nb, | 
 |                                              MemoryRegionIoeventfd *fds_old, | 
 |                                              unsigned fds_old_nb) | 
 | { | 
 |     unsigned iold, inew; | 
 |     MemoryRegionIoeventfd *fd; | 
 |     MemoryRegionSection section; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Generate a symmetric difference of the old and new fd sets, adding | 
 |      * and deleting as necessary. | 
 |      */ | 
 |  | 
 |     iold = inew = 0; | 
 |     while (iold < fds_old_nb || inew < fds_new_nb) { | 
 |         if (iold < fds_old_nb | 
 |             && (inew == fds_new_nb | 
 |                 || memory_region_ioeventfd_before(&fds_old[iold], | 
 |                                                   &fds_new[inew]))) { | 
 |             fd = &fds_old[iold]; | 
 |             section = (MemoryRegionSection) { | 
 |                 .fv = address_space_to_flatview(as), | 
 |                 .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(fd->addr.start), | 
 |                 .size = fd->addr.size, | 
 |             }; | 
 |             MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(as, eventfd_del, Forward, §ion, | 
 |                                  fd->match_data, fd->data, fd->e); | 
 |             ++iold; | 
 |         } else if (inew < fds_new_nb | 
 |                    && (iold == fds_old_nb | 
 |                        || memory_region_ioeventfd_before(&fds_new[inew], | 
 |                                                          &fds_old[iold]))) { | 
 |             fd = &fds_new[inew]; | 
 |             section = (MemoryRegionSection) { | 
 |                 .fv = address_space_to_flatview(as), | 
 |                 .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(fd->addr.start), | 
 |                 .size = fd->addr.size, | 
 |             }; | 
 |             MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(as, eventfd_add, Reverse, §ion, | 
 |                                  fd->match_data, fd->data, fd->e); | 
 |             ++inew; | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             ++iold; | 
 |             ++inew; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | FlatView *address_space_get_flatview(AddressSpace *as) | 
 | { | 
 |     FlatView *view; | 
 |  | 
 |     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD(); | 
 |     do { | 
 |         view = address_space_to_flatview(as); | 
 |         /* If somebody has replaced as->current_map concurrently, | 
 |          * flatview_ref returns false. | 
 |          */ | 
 |     } while (!flatview_ref(view)); | 
 |     return view; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void address_space_update_ioeventfds(AddressSpace *as) | 
 | { | 
 |     FlatView *view; | 
 |     FlatRange *fr; | 
 |     unsigned ioeventfd_nb = 0; | 
 |     unsigned ioeventfd_max; | 
 |     MemoryRegionIoeventfd *ioeventfds; | 
 |     AddrRange tmp; | 
 |     unsigned i; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!as->ioeventfd_notifiers) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* | 
 |      * It is likely that the number of ioeventfds hasn't changed much, so use | 
 |      * the previous size as the starting value, with some headroom to avoid | 
 |      * gratuitous reallocations. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     ioeventfd_max = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(as->ioeventfd_nb, 4); | 
 |     ioeventfds = g_new(MemoryRegionIoeventfd, ioeventfd_max); | 
 |  | 
 |     view = address_space_get_flatview(as); | 
 |     FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) { | 
 |         for (i = 0; i < fr->mr->ioeventfd_nb; ++i) { | 
 |             tmp = addrrange_shift(fr->mr->ioeventfds[i].addr, | 
 |                                   int128_sub(fr->addr.start, | 
 |                                              int128_make64(fr->offset_in_region))); | 
 |             if (addrrange_intersects(fr->addr, tmp)) { | 
 |                 ++ioeventfd_nb; | 
 |                 if (ioeventfd_nb > ioeventfd_max) { | 
 |                     ioeventfd_max = MAX(ioeventfd_max * 2, 4); | 
 |                     ioeventfds = g_realloc(ioeventfds, | 
 |                             ioeventfd_max * sizeof(*ioeventfds)); | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 ioeventfds[ioeventfd_nb-1] = fr->mr->ioeventfds[i]; | 
 |                 ioeventfds[ioeventfd_nb-1].addr = tmp; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     address_space_add_del_ioeventfds(as, ioeventfds, ioeventfd_nb, | 
 |                                      as->ioeventfds, as->ioeventfd_nb); | 
 |  | 
 |     g_free(as->ioeventfds); | 
 |     as->ioeventfds = ioeventfds; | 
 |     as->ioeventfd_nb = ioeventfd_nb; | 
 |     flatview_unref(view); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* | 
 |  * Notify the memory listeners about the coalesced IO change events of | 
 |  * range `cmr'.  Only the part that has intersection of the specified | 
 |  * FlatRange will be sent. | 
 |  */ | 
 | static void flat_range_coalesced_io_notify(FlatRange *fr, AddressSpace *as, | 
 |                                            CoalescedMemoryRange *cmr, bool add) | 
 | { | 
 |     AddrRange tmp; | 
 |  | 
 |     tmp = addrrange_shift(cmr->addr, | 
 |                           int128_sub(fr->addr.start, | 
 |                                      int128_make64(fr->offset_in_region))); | 
 |     if (!addrrange_intersects(tmp, fr->addr)) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |     tmp = addrrange_intersection(tmp, fr->addr); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (add) { | 
 |         MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(fr, as, Forward, coalesced_io_add, | 
 |                                       int128_get64(tmp.start), | 
 |                                       int128_get64(tmp.size)); | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(fr, as, Reverse, coalesced_io_del, | 
 |                                       int128_get64(tmp.start), | 
 |                                       int128_get64(tmp.size)); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void flat_range_coalesced_io_del(FlatRange *fr, AddressSpace *as) | 
 | { | 
 |     CoalescedMemoryRange *cmr; | 
 |  | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(cmr, &fr->mr->coalesced, link) { | 
 |         flat_range_coalesced_io_notify(fr, as, cmr, false); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void flat_range_coalesced_io_add(FlatRange *fr, AddressSpace *as) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = fr->mr; | 
 |     CoalescedMemoryRange *cmr; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&mr->coalesced)) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(cmr, &mr->coalesced, link) { | 
 |         flat_range_coalesced_io_notify(fr, as, cmr, true); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void address_space_update_topology_pass(AddressSpace *as, | 
 |                                                const FlatView *old_view, | 
 |                                                const FlatView *new_view, | 
 |                                                bool adding) | 
 | { | 
 |     unsigned iold, inew; | 
 |     FlatRange *frold, *frnew; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Generate a symmetric difference of the old and new memory maps. | 
 |      * Kill ranges in the old map, and instantiate ranges in the new map. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     iold = inew = 0; | 
 |     while (iold < old_view->nr || inew < new_view->nr) { | 
 |         if (iold < old_view->nr) { | 
 |             frold = &old_view->ranges[iold]; | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             frold = NULL; | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (inew < new_view->nr) { | 
 |             frnew = &new_view->ranges[inew]; | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             frnew = NULL; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         if (frold | 
 |             && (!frnew | 
 |                 || int128_lt(frold->addr.start, frnew->addr.start) | 
 |                 || (int128_eq(frold->addr.start, frnew->addr.start) | 
 |                     && !flatrange_equal(frold, frnew)))) { | 
 |             /* In old but not in new, or in both but attributes changed. */ | 
 |  | 
 |             if (!adding) { | 
 |                 flat_range_coalesced_io_del(frold, as); | 
 |                 MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frold, as, Reverse, region_del); | 
 |             } | 
 |  | 
 |             ++iold; | 
 |         } else if (frold && frnew && flatrange_equal(frold, frnew)) { | 
 |             /* In both and unchanged (except logging may have changed) */ | 
 |  | 
 |             if (adding) { | 
 |                 MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frnew, as, Forward, region_nop); | 
 |                 if (frnew->dirty_log_mask & ~frold->dirty_log_mask) { | 
 |                     MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frnew, as, Forward, log_start, | 
 |                                                   frold->dirty_log_mask, | 
 |                                                   frnew->dirty_log_mask); | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 if (frold->dirty_log_mask & ~frnew->dirty_log_mask) { | 
 |                     MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frnew, as, Reverse, log_stop, | 
 |                                                   frold->dirty_log_mask, | 
 |                                                   frnew->dirty_log_mask); | 
 |                 } | 
 |             } | 
 |  | 
 |             ++iold; | 
 |             ++inew; | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             /* In new */ | 
 |  | 
 |             if (adding) { | 
 |                 MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frnew, as, Forward, region_add); | 
 |                 flat_range_coalesced_io_add(frnew, as); | 
 |             } | 
 |  | 
 |             ++inew; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void flatviews_init(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     static FlatView *empty_view; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (flat_views) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     flat_views = g_hash_table_new_full(g_direct_hash, g_direct_equal, NULL, | 
 |                                        (GDestroyNotify) flatview_unref); | 
 |     if (!empty_view) { | 
 |         empty_view = generate_memory_topology(NULL); | 
 |         /* We keep it alive forever in the global variable.  */ | 
 |         flatview_ref(empty_view); | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         g_hash_table_replace(flat_views, NULL, empty_view); | 
 |         flatview_ref(empty_view); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void flatviews_reset(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     AddressSpace *as; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (flat_views) { | 
 |         g_hash_table_unref(flat_views); | 
 |         flat_views = NULL; | 
 |     } | 
 |     flatviews_init(); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Render unique FVs */ | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) { | 
 |         MemoryRegion *physmr = memory_region_get_flatview_root(as->root); | 
 |  | 
 |         if (g_hash_table_lookup(flat_views, physmr)) { | 
 |             continue; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         generate_memory_topology(physmr); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void address_space_set_flatview(AddressSpace *as) | 
 | { | 
 |     FlatView *old_view = address_space_to_flatview(as); | 
 |     MemoryRegion *physmr = memory_region_get_flatview_root(as->root); | 
 |     FlatView *new_view = g_hash_table_lookup(flat_views, physmr); | 
 |  | 
 |     assert(new_view); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (old_view == new_view) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (old_view) { | 
 |         flatview_ref(old_view); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     flatview_ref(new_view); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&as->listeners)) { | 
 |         FlatView tmpview = { .nr = 0 }, *old_view2 = old_view; | 
 |  | 
 |         if (!old_view2) { | 
 |             old_view2 = &tmpview; | 
 |         } | 
 |         address_space_update_topology_pass(as, old_view2, new_view, false); | 
 |         address_space_update_topology_pass(as, old_view2, new_view, true); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Writes are protected by the BQL.  */ | 
 |     qatomic_rcu_set(&as->current_map, new_view); | 
 |     if (old_view) { | 
 |         flatview_unref(old_view); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Note that all the old MemoryRegions are still alive up to this | 
 |      * point.  This relieves most MemoryListeners from the need to | 
 |      * ref/unref the MemoryRegions they get---unless they use them | 
 |      * outside the iothread mutex, in which case precise reference | 
 |      * counting is necessary. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     if (old_view) { | 
 |         flatview_unref(old_view); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void address_space_update_topology(AddressSpace *as) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *physmr = memory_region_get_flatview_root(as->root); | 
 |  | 
 |     flatviews_init(); | 
 |     if (!g_hash_table_lookup(flat_views, physmr)) { | 
 |         generate_memory_topology(physmr); | 
 |     } | 
 |     address_space_set_flatview(as); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_transaction_begin(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     qemu_flush_coalesced_mmio_buffer(); | 
 |     ++memory_region_transaction_depth; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_transaction_commit(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     AddressSpace *as; | 
 |  | 
 |     assert(memory_region_transaction_depth); | 
 |     assert(qemu_mutex_iothread_locked()); | 
 |  | 
 |     --memory_region_transaction_depth; | 
 |     if (!memory_region_transaction_depth) { | 
 |         if (memory_region_update_pending) { | 
 |             flatviews_reset(); | 
 |  | 
 |             MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(begin, Forward); | 
 |  | 
 |             QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) { | 
 |                 address_space_set_flatview(as); | 
 |                 address_space_update_ioeventfds(as); | 
 |             } | 
 |             memory_region_update_pending = false; | 
 |             ioeventfd_update_pending = false; | 
 |             MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(commit, Forward); | 
 |         } else if (ioeventfd_update_pending) { | 
 |             QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) { | 
 |                 address_space_update_ioeventfds(as); | 
 |             } | 
 |             ioeventfd_update_pending = false; | 
 |         } | 
 |    } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_region_destructor_none(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_region_destructor_ram(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     qemu_ram_free(mr->ram_block); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static bool memory_region_need_escape(char c) | 
 | { | 
 |     return c == '/' || c == '[' || c == '\\' || c == ']'; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static char *memory_region_escape_name(const char *name) | 
 | { | 
 |     const char *p; | 
 |     char *escaped, *q; | 
 |     uint8_t c; | 
 |     size_t bytes = 0; | 
 |  | 
 |     for (p = name; *p; p++) { | 
 |         bytes += memory_region_need_escape(*p) ? 4 : 1; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (bytes == p - name) { | 
 |        return g_memdup(name, bytes + 1); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     escaped = g_malloc(bytes + 1); | 
 |     for (p = name, q = escaped; *p; p++) { | 
 |         c = *p; | 
 |         if (unlikely(memory_region_need_escape(c))) { | 
 |             *q++ = '\\'; | 
 |             *q++ = 'x'; | 
 |             *q++ = "0123456789abcdef"[c >> 4]; | 
 |             c = "0123456789abcdef"[c & 15]; | 
 |         } | 
 |         *q++ = c; | 
 |     } | 
 |     *q = 0; | 
 |     return escaped; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_region_do_init(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                   Object *owner, | 
 |                                   const char *name, | 
 |                                   uint64_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     mr->size = int128_make64(size); | 
 |     if (size == UINT64_MAX) { | 
 |         mr->size = int128_2_64(); | 
 |     } | 
 |     mr->name = g_strdup(name); | 
 |     mr->owner = owner; | 
 |     mr->dev = (DeviceState *) object_dynamic_cast(mr->owner, TYPE_DEVICE); | 
 |     mr->ram_block = NULL; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (name) { | 
 |         char *escaped_name = memory_region_escape_name(name); | 
 |         char *name_array = g_strdup_printf("%s[*]", escaped_name); | 
 |  | 
 |         if (!owner) { | 
 |             owner = container_get(qdev_get_machine(), "/unattached"); | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         object_property_add_child(owner, name_array, OBJECT(mr)); | 
 |         object_unref(OBJECT(mr)); | 
 |         g_free(name_array); | 
 |         g_free(escaped_name); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                         Object *owner, | 
 |                         const char *name, | 
 |                         uint64_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     object_initialize(mr, sizeof(*mr), TYPE_MEMORY_REGION); | 
 |     memory_region_do_init(mr, owner, name, size); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_region_get_container(Object *obj, Visitor *v, | 
 |                                         const char *name, void *opaque, | 
 |                                         Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj); | 
 |     char *path = (char *)""; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr->container) { | 
 |         path = object_get_canonical_path(OBJECT(mr->container)); | 
 |     } | 
 |     visit_type_str(v, name, &path, errp); | 
 |     if (mr->container) { | 
 |         g_free(path); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static Object *memory_region_resolve_container(Object *obj, void *opaque, | 
 |                                                const char *part) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj); | 
 |  | 
 |     return OBJECT(mr->container); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_region_get_priority(Object *obj, Visitor *v, | 
 |                                        const char *name, void *opaque, | 
 |                                        Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj); | 
 |     int32_t value = mr->priority; | 
 |  | 
 |     visit_type_int32(v, name, &value, errp); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_region_get_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name, | 
 |                                    void *opaque, Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj); | 
 |     uint64_t value = memory_region_size(mr); | 
 |  | 
 |     visit_type_uint64(v, name, &value, errp); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_region_initfn(Object *obj) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj); | 
 |     ObjectProperty *op; | 
 |  | 
 |     mr->ops = &unassigned_mem_ops; | 
 |     mr->enabled = true; | 
 |     mr->romd_mode = true; | 
 |     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_none; | 
 |     QTAILQ_INIT(&mr->subregions); | 
 |     QTAILQ_INIT(&mr->coalesced); | 
 |  | 
 |     op = object_property_add(OBJECT(mr), "container", | 
 |                              "link<" TYPE_MEMORY_REGION ">", | 
 |                              memory_region_get_container, | 
 |                              NULL, /* memory_region_set_container */ | 
 |                              NULL, NULL); | 
 |     op->resolve = memory_region_resolve_container; | 
 |  | 
 |     object_property_add_uint64_ptr(OBJECT(mr), "addr", | 
 |                                    &mr->addr, OBJ_PROP_FLAG_READ); | 
 |     object_property_add(OBJECT(mr), "priority", "uint32", | 
 |                         memory_region_get_priority, | 
 |                         NULL, /* memory_region_set_priority */ | 
 |                         NULL, NULL); | 
 |     object_property_add(OBJECT(mr), "size", "uint64", | 
 |                         memory_region_get_size, | 
 |                         NULL, /* memory_region_set_size, */ | 
 |                         NULL, NULL); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void iommu_memory_region_initfn(Object *obj) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj); | 
 |  | 
 |     mr->is_iommu = true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static uint64_t unassigned_mem_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                     unsigned size) | 
 | { | 
 | #ifdef DEBUG_UNASSIGNED | 
 |     printf("Unassigned mem read " HWADDR_FMT_plx "\n", addr); | 
 | #endif | 
 |     return 0; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void unassigned_mem_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                  uint64_t val, unsigned size) | 
 | { | 
 | #ifdef DEBUG_UNASSIGNED | 
 |     printf("Unassigned mem write " HWADDR_FMT_plx " = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", addr, val); | 
 | #endif | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static bool unassigned_mem_accepts(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                    unsigned size, bool is_write, | 
 |                                    MemTxAttrs attrs) | 
 | { | 
 |     return false; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | const MemoryRegionOps unassigned_mem_ops = { | 
 |     .valid.accepts = unassigned_mem_accepts, | 
 |     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN, | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | static uint64_t memory_region_ram_device_read(void *opaque, | 
 |                                               hwaddr addr, unsigned size) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = opaque; | 
 |     uint64_t data = (uint64_t)~0; | 
 |  | 
 |     switch (size) { | 
 |     case 1: | 
 |         data = *(uint8_t *)(mr->ram_block->host + addr); | 
 |         break; | 
 |     case 2: | 
 |         data = *(uint16_t *)(mr->ram_block->host + addr); | 
 |         break; | 
 |     case 4: | 
 |         data = *(uint32_t *)(mr->ram_block->host + addr); | 
 |         break; | 
 |     case 8: | 
 |         data = *(uint64_t *)(mr->ram_block->host + addr); | 
 |         break; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     trace_memory_region_ram_device_read(get_cpu_index(), mr, addr, data, size); | 
 |  | 
 |     return data; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_region_ram_device_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                            uint64_t data, unsigned size) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = opaque; | 
 |  | 
 |     trace_memory_region_ram_device_write(get_cpu_index(), mr, addr, data, size); | 
 |  | 
 |     switch (size) { | 
 |     case 1: | 
 |         *(uint8_t *)(mr->ram_block->host + addr) = (uint8_t)data; | 
 |         break; | 
 |     case 2: | 
 |         *(uint16_t *)(mr->ram_block->host + addr) = (uint16_t)data; | 
 |         break; | 
 |     case 4: | 
 |         *(uint32_t *)(mr->ram_block->host + addr) = (uint32_t)data; | 
 |         break; | 
 |     case 8: | 
 |         *(uint64_t *)(mr->ram_block->host + addr) = data; | 
 |         break; | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static const MemoryRegionOps ram_device_mem_ops = { | 
 |     .read = memory_region_ram_device_read, | 
 |     .write = memory_region_ram_device_write, | 
 |     .endianness = DEVICE_HOST_ENDIAN, | 
 |     .valid = { | 
 |         .min_access_size = 1, | 
 |         .max_access_size = 8, | 
 |         .unaligned = true, | 
 |     }, | 
 |     .impl = { | 
 |         .min_access_size = 1, | 
 |         .max_access_size = 8, | 
 |         .unaligned = true, | 
 |     }, | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | bool memory_region_access_valid(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                 hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                 unsigned size, | 
 |                                 bool is_write, | 
 |                                 MemTxAttrs attrs) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (mr->ops->valid.accepts | 
 |         && !mr->ops->valid.accepts(mr->opaque, addr, size, is_write, attrs)) { | 
 |         qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "Invalid %s at addr 0x%" HWADDR_PRIX | 
 |                       ", size %u, region '%s', reason: rejected\n", | 
 |                       is_write ? "write" : "read", | 
 |                       addr, size, memory_region_name(mr)); | 
 |         return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!mr->ops->valid.unaligned && (addr & (size - 1))) { | 
 |         qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "Invalid %s at addr 0x%" HWADDR_PRIX | 
 |                       ", size %u, region '%s', reason: unaligned\n", | 
 |                       is_write ? "write" : "read", | 
 |                       addr, size, memory_region_name(mr)); | 
 |         return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Treat zero as compatibility all valid */ | 
 |     if (!mr->ops->valid.max_access_size) { | 
 |         return true; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (size > mr->ops->valid.max_access_size | 
 |         || size < mr->ops->valid.min_access_size) { | 
 |         qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "Invalid %s at addr 0x%" HWADDR_PRIX | 
 |                       ", size %u, region '%s', reason: invalid size " | 
 |                       "(min:%u max:%u)\n", | 
 |                       is_write ? "write" : "read", | 
 |                       addr, size, memory_region_name(mr), | 
 |                       mr->ops->valid.min_access_size, | 
 |                       mr->ops->valid.max_access_size); | 
 |         return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static MemTxResult memory_region_dispatch_read1(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                                 hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                                 uint64_t *pval, | 
 |                                                 unsigned size, | 
 |                                                 MemTxAttrs attrs) | 
 | { | 
 |     *pval = 0; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr->ops->read) { | 
 |         return access_with_adjusted_size(addr, pval, size, | 
 |                                          mr->ops->impl.min_access_size, | 
 |                                          mr->ops->impl.max_access_size, | 
 |                                          memory_region_read_accessor, | 
 |                                          mr, attrs); | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         return access_with_adjusted_size(addr, pval, size, | 
 |                                          mr->ops->impl.min_access_size, | 
 |                                          mr->ops->impl.max_access_size, | 
 |                                          memory_region_read_with_attrs_accessor, | 
 |                                          mr, attrs); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | MemTxResult memory_region_dispatch_read(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                         hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                         uint64_t *pval, | 
 |                                         MemOp op, | 
 |                                         MemTxAttrs attrs) | 
 | { | 
 |     unsigned size = memop_size(op); | 
 |     MemTxResult r; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr->alias) { | 
 |         return memory_region_dispatch_read(mr->alias, | 
 |                                            mr->alias_offset + addr, | 
 |                                            pval, op, attrs); | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (!memory_region_access_valid(mr, addr, size, false, attrs)) { | 
 |         *pval = unassigned_mem_read(mr, addr, size); | 
 |         return MEMTX_DECODE_ERROR; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     r = memory_region_dispatch_read1(mr, addr, pval, size, attrs); | 
 |     adjust_endianness(mr, pval, op); | 
 |     return r; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Return true if an eventfd was signalled */ | 
 | static bool memory_region_dispatch_write_eventfds(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                                     hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                                     uint64_t data, | 
 |                                                     unsigned size, | 
 |                                                     MemTxAttrs attrs) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegionIoeventfd ioeventfd = { | 
 |         .addr = addrrange_make(int128_make64(addr), int128_make64(size)), | 
 |         .data = data, | 
 |     }; | 
 |     unsigned i; | 
 |  | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < mr->ioeventfd_nb; i++) { | 
 |         ioeventfd.match_data = mr->ioeventfds[i].match_data; | 
 |         ioeventfd.e = mr->ioeventfds[i].e; | 
 |  | 
 |         if (memory_region_ioeventfd_equal(&ioeventfd, &mr->ioeventfds[i])) { | 
 |             event_notifier_set(ioeventfd.e); | 
 |             return true; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return false; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | MemTxResult memory_region_dispatch_write(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                          hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                          uint64_t data, | 
 |                                          MemOp op, | 
 |                                          MemTxAttrs attrs) | 
 | { | 
 |     unsigned size = memop_size(op); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr->alias) { | 
 |         return memory_region_dispatch_write(mr->alias, | 
 |                                             mr->alias_offset + addr, | 
 |                                             data, op, attrs); | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (!memory_region_access_valid(mr, addr, size, true, attrs)) { | 
 |         unassigned_mem_write(mr, addr, data, size); | 
 |         return MEMTX_DECODE_ERROR; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     adjust_endianness(mr, &data, op); | 
 |  | 
 |     if ((!kvm_eventfds_enabled()) && | 
 |         memory_region_dispatch_write_eventfds(mr, addr, data, size, attrs)) { | 
 |         return MEMTX_OK; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr->ops->write) { | 
 |         return access_with_adjusted_size(addr, &data, size, | 
 |                                          mr->ops->impl.min_access_size, | 
 |                                          mr->ops->impl.max_access_size, | 
 |                                          memory_region_write_accessor, mr, | 
 |                                          attrs); | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         return | 
 |             access_with_adjusted_size(addr, &data, size, | 
 |                                       mr->ops->impl.min_access_size, | 
 |                                       mr->ops->impl.max_access_size, | 
 |                                       memory_region_write_with_attrs_accessor, | 
 |                                       mr, attrs); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_io(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                            Object *owner, | 
 |                            const MemoryRegionOps *ops, | 
 |                            void *opaque, | 
 |                            const char *name, | 
 |                            uint64_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size); | 
 |     mr->ops = ops ? ops : &unassigned_mem_ops; | 
 |     mr->opaque = opaque; | 
 |     mr->terminates = true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_ram_nomigrate(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                       Object *owner, | 
 |                                       const char *name, | 
 |                                       uint64_t size, | 
 |                                       Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     memory_region_init_ram_flags_nomigrate(mr, owner, name, size, 0, errp); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_ram_flags_nomigrate(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                             Object *owner, | 
 |                                             const char *name, | 
 |                                             uint64_t size, | 
 |                                             uint32_t ram_flags, | 
 |                                             Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     Error *err = NULL; | 
 |     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size); | 
 |     mr->ram = true; | 
 |     mr->terminates = true; | 
 |     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram; | 
 |     mr->ram_block = qemu_ram_alloc(size, ram_flags, mr, &err); | 
 |     if (err) { | 
 |         mr->size = int128_zero(); | 
 |         object_unparent(OBJECT(mr)); | 
 |         error_propagate(errp, err); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_resizeable_ram(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                        Object *owner, | 
 |                                        const char *name, | 
 |                                        uint64_t size, | 
 |                                        uint64_t max_size, | 
 |                                        void (*resized)(const char*, | 
 |                                                        uint64_t length, | 
 |                                                        void *host), | 
 |                                        Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     Error *err = NULL; | 
 |     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size); | 
 |     mr->ram = true; | 
 |     mr->terminates = true; | 
 |     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram; | 
 |     mr->ram_block = qemu_ram_alloc_resizeable(size, max_size, resized, | 
 |                                               mr, &err); | 
 |     if (err) { | 
 |         mr->size = int128_zero(); | 
 |         object_unparent(OBJECT(mr)); | 
 |         error_propagate(errp, err); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX | 
 | void memory_region_init_ram_from_file(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                       Object *owner, | 
 |                                       const char *name, | 
 |                                       uint64_t size, | 
 |                                       uint64_t align, | 
 |                                       uint32_t ram_flags, | 
 |                                       const char *path, | 
 |                                       ram_addr_t offset, | 
 |                                       Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     Error *err = NULL; | 
 |     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size); | 
 |     mr->ram = true; | 
 |     mr->readonly = !!(ram_flags & RAM_READONLY); | 
 |     mr->terminates = true; | 
 |     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram; | 
 |     mr->align = align; | 
 |     mr->ram_block = qemu_ram_alloc_from_file(size, mr, ram_flags, path, | 
 |                                              offset, &err); | 
 |     if (err) { | 
 |         mr->size = int128_zero(); | 
 |         object_unparent(OBJECT(mr)); | 
 |         error_propagate(errp, err); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_ram_from_fd(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                     Object *owner, | 
 |                                     const char *name, | 
 |                                     uint64_t size, | 
 |                                     uint32_t ram_flags, | 
 |                                     int fd, | 
 |                                     ram_addr_t offset, | 
 |                                     Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     Error *err = NULL; | 
 |     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size); | 
 |     mr->ram = true; | 
 |     mr->readonly = !!(ram_flags & RAM_READONLY); | 
 |     mr->terminates = true; | 
 |     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram; | 
 |     mr->ram_block = qemu_ram_alloc_from_fd(size, mr, ram_flags, fd, offset, | 
 |                                            &err); | 
 |     if (err) { | 
 |         mr->size = int128_zero(); | 
 |         object_unparent(OBJECT(mr)); | 
 |         error_propagate(errp, err); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 | #endif | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_ram_ptr(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                 Object *owner, | 
 |                                 const char *name, | 
 |                                 uint64_t size, | 
 |                                 void *ptr) | 
 | { | 
 |     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size); | 
 |     mr->ram = true; | 
 |     mr->terminates = true; | 
 |     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* qemu_ram_alloc_from_ptr cannot fail with ptr != NULL.  */ | 
 |     assert(ptr != NULL); | 
 |     mr->ram_block = qemu_ram_alloc_from_ptr(size, ptr, mr, &error_fatal); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_ram_device_ptr(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                        Object *owner, | 
 |                                        const char *name, | 
 |                                        uint64_t size, | 
 |                                        void *ptr) | 
 | { | 
 |     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size); | 
 |     mr->ram = true; | 
 |     mr->terminates = true; | 
 |     mr->ram_device = true; | 
 |     mr->ops = &ram_device_mem_ops; | 
 |     mr->opaque = mr; | 
 |     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* qemu_ram_alloc_from_ptr cannot fail with ptr != NULL.  */ | 
 |     assert(ptr != NULL); | 
 |     mr->ram_block = qemu_ram_alloc_from_ptr(size, ptr, mr, &error_fatal); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_alias(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                               Object *owner, | 
 |                               const char *name, | 
 |                               MemoryRegion *orig, | 
 |                               hwaddr offset, | 
 |                               uint64_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size); | 
 |     mr->alias = orig; | 
 |     mr->alias_offset = offset; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_rom_nomigrate(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                       Object *owner, | 
 |                                       const char *name, | 
 |                                       uint64_t size, | 
 |                                       Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     memory_region_init_ram_flags_nomigrate(mr, owner, name, size, 0, errp); | 
 |     mr->readonly = true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_rom_device_nomigrate(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                              Object *owner, | 
 |                                              const MemoryRegionOps *ops, | 
 |                                              void *opaque, | 
 |                                              const char *name, | 
 |                                              uint64_t size, | 
 |                                              Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     Error *err = NULL; | 
 |     assert(ops); | 
 |     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size); | 
 |     mr->ops = ops; | 
 |     mr->opaque = opaque; | 
 |     mr->terminates = true; | 
 |     mr->rom_device = true; | 
 |     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram; | 
 |     mr->ram_block = qemu_ram_alloc(size, 0, mr, &err); | 
 |     if (err) { | 
 |         mr->size = int128_zero(); | 
 |         object_unparent(OBJECT(mr)); | 
 |         error_propagate(errp, err); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_iommu(void *_iommu_mr, | 
 |                               size_t instance_size, | 
 |                               const char *mrtypename, | 
 |                               Object *owner, | 
 |                               const char *name, | 
 |                               uint64_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     struct IOMMUMemoryRegion *iommu_mr; | 
 |     struct MemoryRegion *mr; | 
 |  | 
 |     object_initialize(_iommu_mr, instance_size, mrtypename); | 
 |     mr = MEMORY_REGION(_iommu_mr); | 
 |     memory_region_do_init(mr, owner, name, size); | 
 |     iommu_mr = IOMMU_MEMORY_REGION(mr); | 
 |     mr->terminates = true;  /* then re-forwards */ | 
 |     QLIST_INIT(&iommu_mr->iommu_notify); | 
 |     iommu_mr->iommu_notify_flags = IOMMU_NOTIFIER_NONE; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_region_finalize(Object *obj) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj); | 
 |  | 
 |     assert(!mr->container); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* We know the region is not visible in any address space (it | 
 |      * does not have a container and cannot be a root either because | 
 |      * it has no references, so we can blindly clear mr->enabled. | 
 |      * memory_region_set_enabled instead could trigger a transaction | 
 |      * and cause an infinite loop. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     mr->enabled = false; | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |     while (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&mr->subregions)) { | 
 |         MemoryRegion *subregion = QTAILQ_FIRST(&mr->subregions); | 
 |         memory_region_del_subregion(mr, subregion); | 
 |     } | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 |  | 
 |     mr->destructor(mr); | 
 |     memory_region_clear_coalescing(mr); | 
 |     g_free((char *)mr->name); | 
 |     g_free(mr->ioeventfds); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | Object *memory_region_owner(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     Object *obj = OBJECT(mr); | 
 |     return obj->parent; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_ref(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     /* MMIO callbacks most likely will access data that belongs | 
 |      * to the owner, hence the need to ref/unref the owner whenever | 
 |      * the memory region is in use. | 
 |      * | 
 |      * The memory region is a child of its owner.  As long as the | 
 |      * owner doesn't call unparent itself on the memory region, | 
 |      * ref-ing the owner will also keep the memory region alive. | 
 |      * Memory regions without an owner are supposed to never go away; | 
 |      * we do not ref/unref them because it slows down DMA sensibly. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     if (mr && mr->owner) { | 
 |         object_ref(mr->owner); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_unref(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (mr && mr->owner) { | 
 |         object_unref(mr->owner); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | uint64_t memory_region_size(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (int128_eq(mr->size, int128_2_64())) { | 
 |         return UINT64_MAX; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return int128_get64(mr->size); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | const char *memory_region_name(const MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (!mr->name) { | 
 |         ((MemoryRegion *)mr)->name = | 
 |             g_strdup(object_get_canonical_path_component(OBJECT(mr))); | 
 |     } | 
 |     return mr->name; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool memory_region_is_ram_device(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return mr->ram_device; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool memory_region_is_protected(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return mr->ram && (mr->ram_block->flags & RAM_PROTECTED); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | uint8_t memory_region_get_dirty_log_mask(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint8_t mask = mr->dirty_log_mask; | 
 |     RAMBlock *rb = mr->ram_block; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (global_dirty_tracking && ((rb && qemu_ram_is_migratable(rb)) || | 
 |                              memory_region_is_iommu(mr))) { | 
 |         mask |= (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (tcg_enabled() && rb) { | 
 |         /* TCG only cares about dirty memory logging for RAM, not IOMMU.  */ | 
 |         mask |= (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE); | 
 |     } | 
 |     return mask; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool memory_region_is_logging(MemoryRegion *mr, uint8_t client) | 
 | { | 
 |     return memory_region_get_dirty_log_mask(mr) & (1 << client); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int memory_region_update_iommu_notify_flags(IOMMUMemoryRegion *iommu_mr, | 
 |                                                    Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     IOMMUNotifierFlag flags = IOMMU_NOTIFIER_NONE; | 
 |     IOMMUNotifier *iommu_notifier; | 
 |     IOMMUMemoryRegionClass *imrc = IOMMU_MEMORY_REGION_GET_CLASS(iommu_mr); | 
 |     int ret = 0; | 
 |  | 
 |     IOMMU_NOTIFIER_FOREACH(iommu_notifier, iommu_mr) { | 
 |         flags |= iommu_notifier->notifier_flags; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (flags != iommu_mr->iommu_notify_flags && imrc->notify_flag_changed) { | 
 |         ret = imrc->notify_flag_changed(iommu_mr, | 
 |                                         iommu_mr->iommu_notify_flags, | 
 |                                         flags, errp); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!ret) { | 
 |         iommu_mr->iommu_notify_flags = flags; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | int memory_region_iommu_set_page_size_mask(IOMMUMemoryRegion *iommu_mr, | 
 |                                            uint64_t page_size_mask, | 
 |                                            Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     IOMMUMemoryRegionClass *imrc = IOMMU_MEMORY_REGION_GET_CLASS(iommu_mr); | 
 |     int ret = 0; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (imrc->iommu_set_page_size_mask) { | 
 |         ret = imrc->iommu_set_page_size_mask(iommu_mr, page_size_mask, errp); | 
 |     } | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | int memory_region_register_iommu_notifier(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                           IOMMUNotifier *n, Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     IOMMUMemoryRegion *iommu_mr; | 
 |     int ret; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr->alias) { | 
 |         return memory_region_register_iommu_notifier(mr->alias, n, errp); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* We need to register for at least one bitfield */ | 
 |     iommu_mr = IOMMU_MEMORY_REGION(mr); | 
 |     assert(n->notifier_flags != IOMMU_NOTIFIER_NONE); | 
 |     assert(n->start <= n->end); | 
 |     assert(n->iommu_idx >= 0 && | 
 |            n->iommu_idx < memory_region_iommu_num_indexes(iommu_mr)); | 
 |  | 
 |     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&iommu_mr->iommu_notify, n, node); | 
 |     ret = memory_region_update_iommu_notify_flags(iommu_mr, errp); | 
 |     if (ret) { | 
 |         QLIST_REMOVE(n, node); | 
 |     } | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | uint64_t memory_region_iommu_get_min_page_size(IOMMUMemoryRegion *iommu_mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     IOMMUMemoryRegionClass *imrc = IOMMU_MEMORY_REGION_GET_CLASS(iommu_mr); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (imrc->get_min_page_size) { | 
 |         return imrc->get_min_page_size(iommu_mr); | 
 |     } | 
 |     return TARGET_PAGE_SIZE; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_iommu_replay(IOMMUMemoryRegion *iommu_mr, IOMMUNotifier *n) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(iommu_mr); | 
 |     IOMMUMemoryRegionClass *imrc = IOMMU_MEMORY_REGION_GET_CLASS(iommu_mr); | 
 |     hwaddr addr, granularity; | 
 |     IOMMUTLBEntry iotlb; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* If the IOMMU has its own replay callback, override */ | 
 |     if (imrc->replay) { | 
 |         imrc->replay(iommu_mr, n); | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     granularity = memory_region_iommu_get_min_page_size(iommu_mr); | 
 |  | 
 |     for (addr = 0; addr < memory_region_size(mr); addr += granularity) { | 
 |         iotlb = imrc->translate(iommu_mr, addr, IOMMU_NONE, n->iommu_idx); | 
 |         if (iotlb.perm != IOMMU_NONE) { | 
 |             n->notify(n, &iotlb); | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         /* if (2^64 - MR size) < granularity, it's possible to get an | 
 |          * infinite loop here.  This should catch such a wraparound */ | 
 |         if ((addr + granularity) < addr) { | 
 |             break; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_unregister_iommu_notifier(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                              IOMMUNotifier *n) | 
 | { | 
 |     IOMMUMemoryRegion *iommu_mr; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr->alias) { | 
 |         memory_region_unregister_iommu_notifier(mr->alias, n); | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |     QLIST_REMOVE(n, node); | 
 |     iommu_mr = IOMMU_MEMORY_REGION(mr); | 
 |     memory_region_update_iommu_notify_flags(iommu_mr, NULL); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_notify_iommu_one(IOMMUNotifier *notifier, | 
 |                                     IOMMUTLBEvent *event) | 
 | { | 
 |     IOMMUTLBEntry *entry = &event->entry; | 
 |     hwaddr entry_end = entry->iova + entry->addr_mask; | 
 |     IOMMUTLBEntry tmp = *entry; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (event->type == IOMMU_NOTIFIER_UNMAP) { | 
 |         assert(entry->perm == IOMMU_NONE); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* | 
 |      * Skip the notification if the notification does not overlap | 
 |      * with registered range. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     if (notifier->start > entry_end || notifier->end < entry->iova) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (notifier->notifier_flags & IOMMU_NOTIFIER_DEVIOTLB_UNMAP) { | 
 |         /* Crop (iova, addr_mask) to range */ | 
 |         tmp.iova = MAX(tmp.iova, notifier->start); | 
 |         tmp.addr_mask = MIN(entry_end, notifier->end) - tmp.iova; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         assert(entry->iova >= notifier->start && entry_end <= notifier->end); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (event->type & notifier->notifier_flags) { | 
 |         notifier->notify(notifier, &tmp); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_unmap_iommu_notifier_range(IOMMUNotifier *notifier) | 
 | { | 
 |     IOMMUTLBEvent event; | 
 |  | 
 |     event.type = IOMMU_NOTIFIER_UNMAP; | 
 |     event.entry.target_as = &address_space_memory; | 
 |     event.entry.iova = notifier->start; | 
 |     event.entry.perm = IOMMU_NONE; | 
 |     event.entry.addr_mask = notifier->end - notifier->start; | 
 |  | 
 |     memory_region_notify_iommu_one(notifier, &event); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_notify_iommu(IOMMUMemoryRegion *iommu_mr, | 
 |                                 int iommu_idx, | 
 |                                 IOMMUTLBEvent event) | 
 | { | 
 |     IOMMUNotifier *iommu_notifier; | 
 |  | 
 |     assert(memory_region_is_iommu(MEMORY_REGION(iommu_mr))); | 
 |  | 
 |     IOMMU_NOTIFIER_FOREACH(iommu_notifier, iommu_mr) { | 
 |         if (iommu_notifier->iommu_idx == iommu_idx) { | 
 |             memory_region_notify_iommu_one(iommu_notifier, &event); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | int memory_region_iommu_get_attr(IOMMUMemoryRegion *iommu_mr, | 
 |                                  enum IOMMUMemoryRegionAttr attr, | 
 |                                  void *data) | 
 | { | 
 |     IOMMUMemoryRegionClass *imrc = IOMMU_MEMORY_REGION_GET_CLASS(iommu_mr); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!imrc->get_attr) { | 
 |         return -EINVAL; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return imrc->get_attr(iommu_mr, attr, data); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | int memory_region_iommu_attrs_to_index(IOMMUMemoryRegion *iommu_mr, | 
 |                                        MemTxAttrs attrs) | 
 | { | 
 |     IOMMUMemoryRegionClass *imrc = IOMMU_MEMORY_REGION_GET_CLASS(iommu_mr); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!imrc->attrs_to_index) { | 
 |         return 0; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return imrc->attrs_to_index(iommu_mr, attrs); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | int memory_region_iommu_num_indexes(IOMMUMemoryRegion *iommu_mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     IOMMUMemoryRegionClass *imrc = IOMMU_MEMORY_REGION_GET_CLASS(iommu_mr); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!imrc->num_indexes) { | 
 |         return 1; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return imrc->num_indexes(iommu_mr); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | RamDiscardManager *memory_region_get_ram_discard_manager(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (!memory_region_is_mapped(mr) || !memory_region_is_ram(mr)) { | 
 |         return NULL; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return mr->rdm; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_set_ram_discard_manager(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                            RamDiscardManager *rdm) | 
 | { | 
 |     g_assert(memory_region_is_ram(mr) && !memory_region_is_mapped(mr)); | 
 |     g_assert(!rdm || !mr->rdm); | 
 |     mr->rdm = rdm; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | uint64_t ram_discard_manager_get_min_granularity(const RamDiscardManager *rdm, | 
 |                                                  const MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     RamDiscardManagerClass *rdmc = RAM_DISCARD_MANAGER_GET_CLASS(rdm); | 
 |  | 
 |     g_assert(rdmc->get_min_granularity); | 
 |     return rdmc->get_min_granularity(rdm, mr); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool ram_discard_manager_is_populated(const RamDiscardManager *rdm, | 
 |                                       const MemoryRegionSection *section) | 
 | { | 
 |     RamDiscardManagerClass *rdmc = RAM_DISCARD_MANAGER_GET_CLASS(rdm); | 
 |  | 
 |     g_assert(rdmc->is_populated); | 
 |     return rdmc->is_populated(rdm, section); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | int ram_discard_manager_replay_populated(const RamDiscardManager *rdm, | 
 |                                          MemoryRegionSection *section, | 
 |                                          ReplayRamPopulate replay_fn, | 
 |                                          void *opaque) | 
 | { | 
 |     RamDiscardManagerClass *rdmc = RAM_DISCARD_MANAGER_GET_CLASS(rdm); | 
 |  | 
 |     g_assert(rdmc->replay_populated); | 
 |     return rdmc->replay_populated(rdm, section, replay_fn, opaque); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void ram_discard_manager_replay_discarded(const RamDiscardManager *rdm, | 
 |                                           MemoryRegionSection *section, | 
 |                                           ReplayRamDiscard replay_fn, | 
 |                                           void *opaque) | 
 | { | 
 |     RamDiscardManagerClass *rdmc = RAM_DISCARD_MANAGER_GET_CLASS(rdm); | 
 |  | 
 |     g_assert(rdmc->replay_discarded); | 
 |     rdmc->replay_discarded(rdm, section, replay_fn, opaque); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void ram_discard_manager_register_listener(RamDiscardManager *rdm, | 
 |                                            RamDiscardListener *rdl, | 
 |                                            MemoryRegionSection *section) | 
 | { | 
 |     RamDiscardManagerClass *rdmc = RAM_DISCARD_MANAGER_GET_CLASS(rdm); | 
 |  | 
 |     g_assert(rdmc->register_listener); | 
 |     rdmc->register_listener(rdm, rdl, section); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void ram_discard_manager_unregister_listener(RamDiscardManager *rdm, | 
 |                                              RamDiscardListener *rdl) | 
 | { | 
 |     RamDiscardManagerClass *rdmc = RAM_DISCARD_MANAGER_GET_CLASS(rdm); | 
 |  | 
 |     g_assert(rdmc->unregister_listener); | 
 |     rdmc->unregister_listener(rdm, rdl); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Called with rcu_read_lock held.  */ | 
 | bool memory_get_xlat_addr(IOMMUTLBEntry *iotlb, void **vaddr, | 
 |                           ram_addr_t *ram_addr, bool *read_only, | 
 |                           bool *mr_has_discard_manager) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr; | 
 |     hwaddr xlat; | 
 |     hwaddr len = iotlb->addr_mask + 1; | 
 |     bool writable = iotlb->perm & IOMMU_WO; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr_has_discard_manager) { | 
 |         *mr_has_discard_manager = false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* | 
 |      * The IOMMU TLB entry we have just covers translation through | 
 |      * this IOMMU to its immediate target.  We need to translate | 
 |      * it the rest of the way through to memory. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     mr = address_space_translate(&address_space_memory, iotlb->translated_addr, | 
 |                                  &xlat, &len, writable, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED); | 
 |     if (!memory_region_is_ram(mr)) { | 
 |         error_report("iommu map to non memory area %" HWADDR_PRIx "", xlat); | 
 |         return false; | 
 |     } else if (memory_region_has_ram_discard_manager(mr)) { | 
 |         RamDiscardManager *rdm = memory_region_get_ram_discard_manager(mr); | 
 |         MemoryRegionSection tmp = { | 
 |             .mr = mr, | 
 |             .offset_within_region = xlat, | 
 |             .size = int128_make64(len), | 
 |         }; | 
 |         if (mr_has_discard_manager) { | 
 |             *mr_has_discard_manager = true; | 
 |         } | 
 |         /* | 
 |          * Malicious VMs can map memory into the IOMMU, which is expected | 
 |          * to remain discarded. vfio will pin all pages, populating memory. | 
 |          * Disallow that. vmstate priorities make sure any RamDiscardManager | 
 |          * were already restored before IOMMUs are restored. | 
 |          */ | 
 |         if (!ram_discard_manager_is_populated(rdm, &tmp)) { | 
 |             error_report("iommu map to discarded memory (e.g., unplugged via" | 
 |                          " virtio-mem): %" HWADDR_PRIx "", | 
 |                          iotlb->translated_addr); | 
 |             return false; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* | 
 |      * Translation truncates length to the IOMMU page size, | 
 |      * check that it did not truncate too much. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     if (len & iotlb->addr_mask) { | 
 |         error_report("iommu has granularity incompatible with target AS"); | 
 |         return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (vaddr) { | 
 |         *vaddr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(mr) + xlat; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (ram_addr) { | 
 |         *ram_addr = memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) + xlat; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (read_only) { | 
 |         *read_only = !writable || mr->readonly; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_set_log(MemoryRegion *mr, bool log, unsigned client) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint8_t mask = 1 << client; | 
 |     uint8_t old_logging; | 
 |  | 
 |     assert(client == DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA); | 
 |     old_logging = mr->vga_logging_count; | 
 |     mr->vga_logging_count += log ? 1 : -1; | 
 |     if (!!old_logging == !!mr->vga_logging_count) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |     mr->dirty_log_mask = (mr->dirty_log_mask & ~mask) | (log * mask); | 
 |     memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled; | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_set_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr, | 
 |                              hwaddr size) | 
 | { | 
 |     assert(mr->ram_block); | 
 |     cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_range(memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) + addr, | 
 |                                         size, | 
 |                                         memory_region_get_dirty_log_mask(mr)); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* | 
 |  * If memory region `mr' is NULL, do global sync.  Otherwise, sync | 
 |  * dirty bitmap for the specified memory region. | 
 |  */ | 
 | static void memory_region_sync_dirty_bitmap(MemoryRegion *mr, bool last_stage) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryListener *listener; | 
 |     AddressSpace *as; | 
 |     FlatView *view; | 
 |     FlatRange *fr; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* If the same address space has multiple log_sync listeners, we | 
 |      * visit that address space's FlatView multiple times.  But because | 
 |      * log_sync listeners are rare, it's still cheaper than walking each | 
 |      * address space once. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(listener, &memory_listeners, link) { | 
 |         if (listener->log_sync) { | 
 |             as = listener->address_space; | 
 |             view = address_space_get_flatview(as); | 
 |             FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) { | 
 |                 if (fr->dirty_log_mask && (!mr || fr->mr == mr)) { | 
 |                     MemoryRegionSection mrs = section_from_flat_range(fr, view); | 
 |                     listener->log_sync(listener, &mrs); | 
 |                 } | 
 |             } | 
 |             flatview_unref(view); | 
 |             trace_memory_region_sync_dirty(mr ? mr->name : "(all)", listener->name, 0); | 
 |         } else if (listener->log_sync_global) { | 
 |             /* | 
 |              * No matter whether MR is specified, what we can do here | 
 |              * is to do a global sync, because we are not capable to | 
 |              * sync in a finer granularity. | 
 |              */ | 
 |             listener->log_sync_global(listener, last_stage); | 
 |             trace_memory_region_sync_dirty(mr ? mr->name : "(all)", listener->name, 1); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_clear_dirty_bitmap(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr start, | 
 |                                       hwaddr len) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegionSection mrs; | 
 |     MemoryListener *listener; | 
 |     AddressSpace *as; | 
 |     FlatView *view; | 
 |     FlatRange *fr; | 
 |     hwaddr sec_start, sec_end, sec_size; | 
 |  | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(listener, &memory_listeners, link) { | 
 |         if (!listener->log_clear) { | 
 |             continue; | 
 |         } | 
 |         as = listener->address_space; | 
 |         view = address_space_get_flatview(as); | 
 |         FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) { | 
 |             if (!fr->dirty_log_mask || fr->mr != mr) { | 
 |                 /* | 
 |                  * Clear dirty bitmap operation only applies to those | 
 |                  * regions whose dirty logging is at least enabled | 
 |                  */ | 
 |                 continue; | 
 |             } | 
 |  | 
 |             mrs = section_from_flat_range(fr, view); | 
 |  | 
 |             sec_start = MAX(mrs.offset_within_region, start); | 
 |             sec_end = mrs.offset_within_region + int128_get64(mrs.size); | 
 |             sec_end = MIN(sec_end, start + len); | 
 |  | 
 |             if (sec_start >= sec_end) { | 
 |                 /* | 
 |                  * If this memory region section has no intersection | 
 |                  * with the requested range, skip. | 
 |                  */ | 
 |                 continue; | 
 |             } | 
 |  | 
 |             /* Valid case; shrink the section if needed */ | 
 |             mrs.offset_within_address_space += | 
 |                 sec_start - mrs.offset_within_region; | 
 |             mrs.offset_within_region = sec_start; | 
 |             sec_size = sec_end - sec_start; | 
 |             mrs.size = int128_make64(sec_size); | 
 |             listener->log_clear(listener, &mrs); | 
 |         } | 
 |         flatview_unref(view); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | DirtyBitmapSnapshot *memory_region_snapshot_and_clear_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                                             hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                                             hwaddr size, | 
 |                                                             unsigned client) | 
 | { | 
 |     DirtyBitmapSnapshot *snapshot; | 
 |     assert(mr->ram_block); | 
 |     memory_region_sync_dirty_bitmap(mr, false); | 
 |     snapshot = cpu_physical_memory_snapshot_and_clear_dirty(mr, addr, size, client); | 
 |     memory_global_after_dirty_log_sync(); | 
 |     return snapshot; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool memory_region_snapshot_get_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, DirtyBitmapSnapshot *snap, | 
 |                                       hwaddr addr, hwaddr size) | 
 | { | 
 |     assert(mr->ram_block); | 
 |     return cpu_physical_memory_snapshot_get_dirty(snap, | 
 |                 memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) + addr, size); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_set_readonly(MemoryRegion *mr, bool readonly) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (mr->readonly != readonly) { | 
 |         memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |         mr->readonly = readonly; | 
 |         memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled; | 
 |         memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_set_nonvolatile(MemoryRegion *mr, bool nonvolatile) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (mr->nonvolatile != nonvolatile) { | 
 |         memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |         mr->nonvolatile = nonvolatile; | 
 |         memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled; | 
 |         memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(MemoryRegion *mr, bool romd_mode) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (mr->romd_mode != romd_mode) { | 
 |         memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |         mr->romd_mode = romd_mode; | 
 |         memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled; | 
 |         memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_reset_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                hwaddr size, unsigned client) | 
 | { | 
 |     assert(mr->ram_block); | 
 |     cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty( | 
 |         memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) + addr, size, client); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | int memory_region_get_fd(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD(); | 
 |     while (mr->alias) { | 
 |         mr = mr->alias; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return mr->ram_block->fd; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void *memory_region_get_ram_ptr(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     uint64_t offset = 0; | 
 |  | 
 |     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD(); | 
 |     while (mr->alias) { | 
 |         offset += mr->alias_offset; | 
 |         mr = mr->alias; | 
 |     } | 
 |     assert(mr->ram_block); | 
 |     return qemu_map_ram_ptr(mr->ram_block, offset); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | MemoryRegion *memory_region_from_host(void *ptr, ram_addr_t *offset) | 
 | { | 
 |     RAMBlock *block; | 
 |  | 
 |     block = qemu_ram_block_from_host(ptr, false, offset); | 
 |     if (!block) { | 
 |         return NULL; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     return block->mr; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | ram_addr_t memory_region_get_ram_addr(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return mr->ram_block ? mr->ram_block->offset : RAM_ADDR_INVALID; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_ram_resize(MemoryRegion *mr, ram_addr_t newsize, Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     assert(mr->ram_block); | 
 |  | 
 |     qemu_ram_resize(mr->ram_block, newsize, errp); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_msync(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr, hwaddr size) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (mr->ram_block) { | 
 |         qemu_ram_msync(mr->ram_block, addr, size); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_writeback(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr, hwaddr size) | 
 | { | 
 |     /* | 
 |      * Might be extended case needed to cover | 
 |      * different types of memory regions | 
 |      */ | 
 |     if (mr->dirty_log_mask) { | 
 |         memory_region_msync(mr, addr, size); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* | 
 |  * Call proper memory listeners about the change on the newly | 
 |  * added/removed CoalescedMemoryRange. | 
 |  */ | 
 | static void memory_region_update_coalesced_range(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                                  CoalescedMemoryRange *cmr, | 
 |                                                  bool add) | 
 | { | 
 |     AddressSpace *as; | 
 |     FlatView *view; | 
 |     FlatRange *fr; | 
 |  | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) { | 
 |         view = address_space_get_flatview(as); | 
 |         FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) { | 
 |             if (fr->mr == mr) { | 
 |                 flat_range_coalesced_io_notify(fr, as, cmr, add); | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |         flatview_unref(view); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_set_coalescing(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     memory_region_clear_coalescing(mr); | 
 |     memory_region_add_coalescing(mr, 0, int128_get64(mr->size)); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_add_coalescing(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                   hwaddr offset, | 
 |                                   uint64_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     CoalescedMemoryRange *cmr = g_malloc(sizeof(*cmr)); | 
 |  | 
 |     cmr->addr = addrrange_make(int128_make64(offset), int128_make64(size)); | 
 |     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mr->coalesced, cmr, link); | 
 |     memory_region_update_coalesced_range(mr, cmr, true); | 
 |     memory_region_set_flush_coalesced(mr); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_clear_coalescing(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     CoalescedMemoryRange *cmr; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&mr->coalesced)) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     qemu_flush_coalesced_mmio_buffer(); | 
 |     mr->flush_coalesced_mmio = false; | 
 |  | 
 |     while (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&mr->coalesced)) { | 
 |         cmr = QTAILQ_FIRST(&mr->coalesced); | 
 |         QTAILQ_REMOVE(&mr->coalesced, cmr, link); | 
 |         memory_region_update_coalesced_range(mr, cmr, false); | 
 |         g_free(cmr); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_set_flush_coalesced(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     mr->flush_coalesced_mmio = true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_clear_flush_coalesced(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     qemu_flush_coalesced_mmio_buffer(); | 
 |     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&mr->coalesced)) { | 
 |         mr->flush_coalesced_mmio = false; | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static bool userspace_eventfd_warning; | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_add_eventfd(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                unsigned size, | 
 |                                bool match_data, | 
 |                                uint64_t data, | 
 |                                EventNotifier *e) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegionIoeventfd mrfd = { | 
 |         .addr.start = int128_make64(addr), | 
 |         .addr.size = int128_make64(size), | 
 |         .match_data = match_data, | 
 |         .data = data, | 
 |         .e = e, | 
 |     }; | 
 |     unsigned i; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (kvm_enabled() && (!(kvm_eventfds_enabled() || | 
 |                             userspace_eventfd_warning))) { | 
 |         userspace_eventfd_warning = true; | 
 |         error_report("Using eventfd without MMIO binding in KVM. " | 
 |                      "Suboptimal performance expected"); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (size) { | 
 |         adjust_endianness(mr, &mrfd.data, size_memop(size) | MO_TE); | 
 |     } | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < mr->ioeventfd_nb; ++i) { | 
 |         if (memory_region_ioeventfd_before(&mrfd, &mr->ioeventfds[i])) { | 
 |             break; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     ++mr->ioeventfd_nb; | 
 |     mr->ioeventfds = g_realloc(mr->ioeventfds, | 
 |                                   sizeof(*mr->ioeventfds) * mr->ioeventfd_nb); | 
 |     memmove(&mr->ioeventfds[i+1], &mr->ioeventfds[i], | 
 |             sizeof(*mr->ioeventfds) * (mr->ioeventfd_nb-1 - i)); | 
 |     mr->ioeventfds[i] = mrfd; | 
 |     ioeventfd_update_pending |= mr->enabled; | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_del_eventfd(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                hwaddr addr, | 
 |                                unsigned size, | 
 |                                bool match_data, | 
 |                                uint64_t data, | 
 |                                EventNotifier *e) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegionIoeventfd mrfd = { | 
 |         .addr.start = int128_make64(addr), | 
 |         .addr.size = int128_make64(size), | 
 |         .match_data = match_data, | 
 |         .data = data, | 
 |         .e = e, | 
 |     }; | 
 |     unsigned i; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (size) { | 
 |         adjust_endianness(mr, &mrfd.data, size_memop(size) | MO_TE); | 
 |     } | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < mr->ioeventfd_nb; ++i) { | 
 |         if (memory_region_ioeventfd_equal(&mrfd, &mr->ioeventfds[i])) { | 
 |             break; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     assert(i != mr->ioeventfd_nb); | 
 |     memmove(&mr->ioeventfds[i], &mr->ioeventfds[i+1], | 
 |             sizeof(*mr->ioeventfds) * (mr->ioeventfd_nb - (i+1))); | 
 |     --mr->ioeventfd_nb; | 
 |     mr->ioeventfds = g_realloc(mr->ioeventfds, | 
 |                                   sizeof(*mr->ioeventfds)*mr->ioeventfd_nb + 1); | 
 |     ioeventfd_update_pending |= mr->enabled; | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_region_update_container_subregions(MemoryRegion *subregion) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = subregion->container; | 
 |     MemoryRegion *other; | 
 |  | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |  | 
 |     memory_region_ref(subregion); | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(other, &mr->subregions, subregions_link) { | 
 |         if (subregion->priority >= other->priority) { | 
 |             QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(other, subregion, subregions_link); | 
 |             goto done; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mr->subregions, subregion, subregions_link); | 
 | done: | 
 |     memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled && subregion->enabled; | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_region_add_subregion_common(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                                hwaddr offset, | 
 |                                                MemoryRegion *subregion) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *alias; | 
 |  | 
 |     assert(!subregion->container); | 
 |     subregion->container = mr; | 
 |     for (alias = subregion->alias; alias; alias = alias->alias) { | 
 |         alias->mapped_via_alias++; | 
 |     } | 
 |     subregion->addr = offset; | 
 |     memory_region_update_container_subregions(subregion); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_add_subregion(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                  hwaddr offset, | 
 |                                  MemoryRegion *subregion) | 
 | { | 
 |     subregion->priority = 0; | 
 |     memory_region_add_subregion_common(mr, offset, subregion); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                          hwaddr offset, | 
 |                                          MemoryRegion *subregion, | 
 |                                          int priority) | 
 | { | 
 |     subregion->priority = priority; | 
 |     memory_region_add_subregion_common(mr, offset, subregion); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_del_subregion(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                  MemoryRegion *subregion) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *alias; | 
 |  | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |     assert(subregion->container == mr); | 
 |     subregion->container = NULL; | 
 |     for (alias = subregion->alias; alias; alias = alias->alias) { | 
 |         alias->mapped_via_alias--; | 
 |         assert(alias->mapped_via_alias >= 0); | 
 |     } | 
 |     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&mr->subregions, subregion, subregions_link); | 
 |     memory_region_unref(subregion); | 
 |     memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled && subregion->enabled; | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_set_enabled(MemoryRegion *mr, bool enabled) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (enabled == mr->enabled) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |     mr->enabled = enabled; | 
 |     memory_region_update_pending = true; | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_set_size(MemoryRegion *mr, uint64_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     Int128 s = int128_make64(size); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (size == UINT64_MAX) { | 
 |         s = int128_2_64(); | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (int128_eq(s, mr->size)) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |     mr->size = s; | 
 |     memory_region_update_pending = true; | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_region_readd_subregion(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *container = mr->container; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (container) { | 
 |         memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |         memory_region_ref(mr); | 
 |         memory_region_del_subregion(container, mr); | 
 |         memory_region_add_subregion_common(container, mr->addr, mr); | 
 |         memory_region_unref(mr); | 
 |         memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_set_address(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (addr != mr->addr) { | 
 |         mr->addr = addr; | 
 |         memory_region_readd_subregion(mr); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_set_alias_offset(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr offset) | 
 | { | 
 |     assert(mr->alias); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (offset == mr->alias_offset) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |     mr->alias_offset = offset; | 
 |     memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled; | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | uint64_t memory_region_get_alignment(const MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return mr->align; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static int cmp_flatrange_addr(const void *addr_, const void *fr_) | 
 | { | 
 |     const AddrRange *addr = addr_; | 
 |     const FlatRange *fr = fr_; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (int128_le(addrrange_end(*addr), fr->addr.start)) { | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } else if (int128_ge(addr->start, addrrange_end(fr->addr))) { | 
 |         return 1; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return 0; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static FlatRange *flatview_lookup(FlatView *view, AddrRange addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return bsearch(&addr, view->ranges, view->nr, | 
 |                    sizeof(FlatRange), cmp_flatrange_addr); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool memory_region_is_mapped(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     return !!mr->container || mr->mapped_via_alias; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Same as memory_region_find, but it does not add a reference to the | 
 |  * returned region.  It must be called from an RCU critical section. | 
 |  */ | 
 | static MemoryRegionSection memory_region_find_rcu(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                                   hwaddr addr, uint64_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegionSection ret = { .mr = NULL }; | 
 |     MemoryRegion *root; | 
 |     AddressSpace *as; | 
 |     AddrRange range; | 
 |     FlatView *view; | 
 |     FlatRange *fr; | 
 |  | 
 |     addr += mr->addr; | 
 |     for (root = mr; root->container; ) { | 
 |         root = root->container; | 
 |         addr += root->addr; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     as = memory_region_to_address_space(root); | 
 |     if (!as) { | 
 |         return ret; | 
 |     } | 
 |     range = addrrange_make(int128_make64(addr), int128_make64(size)); | 
 |  | 
 |     view = address_space_to_flatview(as); | 
 |     fr = flatview_lookup(view, range); | 
 |     if (!fr) { | 
 |         return ret; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     while (fr > view->ranges && addrrange_intersects(fr[-1].addr, range)) { | 
 |         --fr; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     ret.mr = fr->mr; | 
 |     ret.fv = view; | 
 |     range = addrrange_intersection(range, fr->addr); | 
 |     ret.offset_within_region = fr->offset_in_region; | 
 |     ret.offset_within_region += int128_get64(int128_sub(range.start, | 
 |                                                         fr->addr.start)); | 
 |     ret.size = range.size; | 
 |     ret.offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(range.start); | 
 |     ret.readonly = fr->readonly; | 
 |     ret.nonvolatile = fr->nonvolatile; | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | MemoryRegionSection memory_region_find(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                        hwaddr addr, uint64_t size) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegionSection ret; | 
 |     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD(); | 
 |     ret = memory_region_find_rcu(mr, addr, size); | 
 |     if (ret.mr) { | 
 |         memory_region_ref(ret.mr); | 
 |     } | 
 |     return ret; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | MemoryRegionSection *memory_region_section_new_copy(MemoryRegionSection *s) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegionSection *tmp = g_new(MemoryRegionSection, 1); | 
 |  | 
 |     *tmp = *s; | 
 |     if (tmp->mr) { | 
 |         memory_region_ref(tmp->mr); | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (tmp->fv) { | 
 |         bool ret  = flatview_ref(tmp->fv); | 
 |  | 
 |         g_assert(ret); | 
 |     } | 
 |     return tmp; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_section_free_copy(MemoryRegionSection *s) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (s->fv) { | 
 |         flatview_unref(s->fv); | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (s->mr) { | 
 |         memory_region_unref(s->mr); | 
 |     } | 
 |     g_free(s); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool memory_region_present(MemoryRegion *container, hwaddr addr) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr; | 
 |  | 
 |     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD(); | 
 |     mr = memory_region_find_rcu(container, addr, 1).mr; | 
 |     return mr && mr != container; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_global_dirty_log_sync(bool last_stage) | 
 | { | 
 |     memory_region_sync_dirty_bitmap(NULL, last_stage); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_global_after_dirty_log_sync(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(log_global_after_sync, Forward); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* | 
 |  * Dirty track stop flags that are postponed due to VM being stopped.  Should | 
 |  * only be used within vmstate_change hook. | 
 |  */ | 
 | static unsigned int postponed_stop_flags; | 
 | static VMChangeStateEntry *vmstate_change; | 
 | static void memory_global_dirty_log_stop_postponed_run(void); | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_global_dirty_log_start(unsigned int flags) | 
 | { | 
 |     unsigned int old_flags; | 
 |  | 
 |     assert(flags && !(flags & (~GLOBAL_DIRTY_MASK))); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (vmstate_change) { | 
 |         /* If there is postponed stop(), operate on it first */ | 
 |         postponed_stop_flags &= ~flags; | 
 |         memory_global_dirty_log_stop_postponed_run(); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     flags &= ~global_dirty_tracking; | 
 |     if (!flags) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     old_flags = global_dirty_tracking; | 
 |     global_dirty_tracking |= flags; | 
 |     trace_global_dirty_changed(global_dirty_tracking); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!old_flags) { | 
 |         MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(log_global_start, Forward); | 
 |         memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |         memory_region_update_pending = true; | 
 |         memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_global_dirty_log_do_stop(unsigned int flags) | 
 | { | 
 |     assert(flags && !(flags & (~GLOBAL_DIRTY_MASK))); | 
 |     assert((global_dirty_tracking & flags) == flags); | 
 |     global_dirty_tracking &= ~flags; | 
 |  | 
 |     trace_global_dirty_changed(global_dirty_tracking); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!global_dirty_tracking) { | 
 |         memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |         memory_region_update_pending = true; | 
 |         memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 |         MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(log_global_stop, Reverse); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* | 
 |  * Execute the postponed dirty log stop operations if there is, then reset | 
 |  * everything (including the flags and the vmstate change hook). | 
 |  */ | 
 | static void memory_global_dirty_log_stop_postponed_run(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     /* This must be called with the vmstate handler registered */ | 
 |     assert(vmstate_change); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Note: postponed_stop_flags can be cleared in log start routine */ | 
 |     if (postponed_stop_flags) { | 
 |         memory_global_dirty_log_do_stop(postponed_stop_flags); | 
 |         postponed_stop_flags = 0; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(vmstate_change); | 
 |     vmstate_change = NULL; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_vm_change_state_handler(void *opaque, bool running, | 
 |                                            RunState state) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (running) { | 
 |         memory_global_dirty_log_stop_postponed_run(); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_global_dirty_log_stop(unsigned int flags) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (!runstate_is_running()) { | 
 |         /* Postpone the dirty log stop, e.g., to when VM starts again */ | 
 |         if (vmstate_change) { | 
 |             /* Batch with previous postponed flags */ | 
 |             postponed_stop_flags |= flags; | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             postponed_stop_flags = flags; | 
 |             vmstate_change = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler( | 
 |                 memory_vm_change_state_handler, NULL); | 
 |         } | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     memory_global_dirty_log_do_stop(flags); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void listener_add_address_space(MemoryListener *listener, | 
 |                                        AddressSpace *as) | 
 | { | 
 |     FlatView *view; | 
 |     FlatRange *fr; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (listener->begin) { | 
 |         listener->begin(listener); | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (global_dirty_tracking) { | 
 |         if (listener->log_global_start) { | 
 |             listener->log_global_start(listener); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     view = address_space_get_flatview(as); | 
 |     FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) { | 
 |         MemoryRegionSection section = section_from_flat_range(fr, view); | 
 |  | 
 |         if (listener->region_add) { | 
 |             listener->region_add(listener, §ion); | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (fr->dirty_log_mask && listener->log_start) { | 
 |             listener->log_start(listener, §ion, 0, fr->dirty_log_mask); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (listener->commit) { | 
 |         listener->commit(listener); | 
 |     } | 
 |     flatview_unref(view); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void listener_del_address_space(MemoryListener *listener, | 
 |                                        AddressSpace *as) | 
 | { | 
 |     FlatView *view; | 
 |     FlatRange *fr; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (listener->begin) { | 
 |         listener->begin(listener); | 
 |     } | 
 |     view = address_space_get_flatview(as); | 
 |     FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) { | 
 |         MemoryRegionSection section = section_from_flat_range(fr, view); | 
 |  | 
 |         if (fr->dirty_log_mask && listener->log_stop) { | 
 |             listener->log_stop(listener, §ion, fr->dirty_log_mask, 0); | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (listener->region_del) { | 
 |             listener->region_del(listener, §ion); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (listener->commit) { | 
 |         listener->commit(listener); | 
 |     } | 
 |     flatview_unref(view); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_listener_register(MemoryListener *listener, AddressSpace *as) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryListener *other = NULL; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Only one of them can be defined for a listener */ | 
 |     assert(!(listener->log_sync && listener->log_sync_global)); | 
 |  | 
 |     listener->address_space = as; | 
 |     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&memory_listeners) | 
 |         || listener->priority >= QTAILQ_LAST(&memory_listeners)->priority) { | 
 |         QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&memory_listeners, listener, link); | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         QTAILQ_FOREACH(other, &memory_listeners, link) { | 
 |             if (listener->priority < other->priority) { | 
 |                 break; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |         QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(other, listener, link); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&as->listeners) | 
 |         || listener->priority >= QTAILQ_LAST(&as->listeners)->priority) { | 
 |         QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&as->listeners, listener, link_as); | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         QTAILQ_FOREACH(other, &as->listeners, link_as) { | 
 |             if (listener->priority < other->priority) { | 
 |                 break; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |         QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(other, listener, link_as); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     listener_add_address_space(listener, as); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (listener->eventfd_add || listener->eventfd_del) { | 
 |         as->ioeventfd_notifiers++; | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_listener_unregister(MemoryListener *listener) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (!listener->address_space) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (listener->eventfd_add || listener->eventfd_del) { | 
 |         listener->address_space->ioeventfd_notifiers--; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     listener_del_address_space(listener, listener->address_space); | 
 |     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&memory_listeners, listener, link); | 
 |     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&listener->address_space->listeners, listener, link_as); | 
 |     listener->address_space = NULL; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void address_space_remove_listeners(AddressSpace *as) | 
 | { | 
 |     while (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&as->listeners)) { | 
 |         memory_listener_unregister(QTAILQ_FIRST(&as->listeners)); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void address_space_init(AddressSpace *as, MemoryRegion *root, const char *name) | 
 | { | 
 |     memory_region_ref(root); | 
 |     as->root = root; | 
 |     as->current_map = NULL; | 
 |     as->ioeventfd_nb = 0; | 
 |     as->ioeventfds = NULL; | 
 |     QTAILQ_INIT(&as->listeners); | 
 |     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&address_spaces, as, address_spaces_link); | 
 |     as->name = g_strdup(name ? name : "anonymous"); | 
 |     address_space_update_topology(as); | 
 |     address_space_update_ioeventfds(as); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void do_address_space_destroy(AddressSpace *as) | 
 | { | 
 |     assert(QTAILQ_EMPTY(&as->listeners)); | 
 |  | 
 |     flatview_unref(as->current_map); | 
 |     g_free(as->name); | 
 |     g_free(as->ioeventfds); | 
 |     memory_region_unref(as->root); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void address_space_destroy(AddressSpace *as) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *root = as->root; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Flush out anything from MemoryListeners listening in on this */ | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_begin(); | 
 |     as->root = NULL; | 
 |     memory_region_transaction_commit(); | 
 |     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&address_spaces, as, address_spaces_link); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* At this point, as->dispatch and as->current_map are dummy | 
 |      * entries that the guest should never use.  Wait for the old | 
 |      * values to expire before freeing the data. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     as->root = root; | 
 |     call_rcu(as, do_address_space_destroy, rcu); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static const char *memory_region_type(MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (mr->alias) { | 
 |         return memory_region_type(mr->alias); | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (memory_region_is_ram_device(mr)) { | 
 |         return "ramd"; | 
 |     } else if (memory_region_is_romd(mr)) { | 
 |         return "romd"; | 
 |     } else if (memory_region_is_rom(mr)) { | 
 |         return "rom"; | 
 |     } else if (memory_region_is_ram(mr)) { | 
 |         return "ram"; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         return "i/o"; | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | typedef struct MemoryRegionList MemoryRegionList; | 
 |  | 
 | struct MemoryRegionList { | 
 |     const MemoryRegion *mr; | 
 |     QTAILQ_ENTRY(MemoryRegionList) mrqueue; | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | typedef QTAILQ_HEAD(, MemoryRegionList) MemoryRegionListHead; | 
 |  | 
 | #define MR_SIZE(size) (int128_nz(size) ? (hwaddr)int128_get64( \ | 
 |                            int128_sub((size), int128_one())) : 0) | 
 | #define MTREE_INDENT "  " | 
 |  | 
 | static void mtree_expand_owner(const char *label, Object *obj) | 
 | { | 
 |     DeviceState *dev = (DeviceState *) object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_DEVICE); | 
 |  | 
 |     qemu_printf(" %s:{%s", label, dev ? "dev" : "obj"); | 
 |     if (dev && dev->id) { | 
 |         qemu_printf(" id=%s", dev->id); | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         char *canonical_path = object_get_canonical_path(obj); | 
 |         if (canonical_path) { | 
 |             qemu_printf(" path=%s", canonical_path); | 
 |             g_free(canonical_path); | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             qemu_printf(" type=%s", object_get_typename(obj)); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     qemu_printf("}"); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void mtree_print_mr_owner(const MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 |     Object *owner = mr->owner; | 
 |     Object *parent = memory_region_owner((MemoryRegion *)mr); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!owner && !parent) { | 
 |         qemu_printf(" orphan"); | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (owner) { | 
 |         mtree_expand_owner("owner", owner); | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (parent && parent != owner) { | 
 |         mtree_expand_owner("parent", parent); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void mtree_print_mr(const MemoryRegion *mr, unsigned int level, | 
 |                            hwaddr base, | 
 |                            MemoryRegionListHead *alias_print_queue, | 
 |                            bool owner, bool display_disabled) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegionList *new_ml, *ml, *next_ml; | 
 |     MemoryRegionListHead submr_print_queue; | 
 |     const MemoryRegion *submr; | 
 |     unsigned int i; | 
 |     hwaddr cur_start, cur_end; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!mr) { | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     cur_start = base + mr->addr; | 
 |     cur_end = cur_start + MR_SIZE(mr->size); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* | 
 |      * Try to detect overflow of memory region. This should never | 
 |      * happen normally. When it happens, we dump something to warn the | 
 |      * user who is observing this. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     if (cur_start < base || cur_end < cur_start) { | 
 |         qemu_printf("[DETECTED OVERFLOW!] "); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (mr->alias) { | 
 |         bool found = false; | 
 |  | 
 |         /* check if the alias is already in the queue */ | 
 |         QTAILQ_FOREACH(ml, alias_print_queue, mrqueue) { | 
 |             if (ml->mr == mr->alias) { | 
 |                 found = true; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         if (!found) { | 
 |             ml = g_new(MemoryRegionList, 1); | 
 |             ml->mr = mr->alias; | 
 |             QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(alias_print_queue, ml, mrqueue); | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (mr->enabled || display_disabled) { | 
 |             for (i = 0; i < level; i++) { | 
 |                 qemu_printf(MTREE_INDENT); | 
 |             } | 
 |             qemu_printf(HWADDR_FMT_plx "-" HWADDR_FMT_plx | 
 |                         " (prio %d, %s%s): alias %s @%s " HWADDR_FMT_plx | 
 |                         "-" HWADDR_FMT_plx "%s", | 
 |                         cur_start, cur_end, | 
 |                         mr->priority, | 
 |                         mr->nonvolatile ? "nv-" : "", | 
 |                         memory_region_type((MemoryRegion *)mr), | 
 |                         memory_region_name(mr), | 
 |                         memory_region_name(mr->alias), | 
 |                         mr->alias_offset, | 
 |                         mr->alias_offset + MR_SIZE(mr->size), | 
 |                         mr->enabled ? "" : " [disabled]"); | 
 |             if (owner) { | 
 |                 mtree_print_mr_owner(mr); | 
 |             } | 
 |             qemu_printf("\n"); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         if (mr->enabled || display_disabled) { | 
 |             for (i = 0; i < level; i++) { | 
 |                 qemu_printf(MTREE_INDENT); | 
 |             } | 
 |             qemu_printf(HWADDR_FMT_plx "-" HWADDR_FMT_plx | 
 |                         " (prio %d, %s%s): %s%s", | 
 |                         cur_start, cur_end, | 
 |                         mr->priority, | 
 |                         mr->nonvolatile ? "nv-" : "", | 
 |                         memory_region_type((MemoryRegion *)mr), | 
 |                         memory_region_name(mr), | 
 |                         mr->enabled ? "" : " [disabled]"); | 
 |             if (owner) { | 
 |                 mtree_print_mr_owner(mr); | 
 |             } | 
 |             qemu_printf("\n"); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     QTAILQ_INIT(&submr_print_queue); | 
 |  | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(submr, &mr->subregions, subregions_link) { | 
 |         new_ml = g_new(MemoryRegionList, 1); | 
 |         new_ml->mr = submr; | 
 |         QTAILQ_FOREACH(ml, &submr_print_queue, mrqueue) { | 
 |             if (new_ml->mr->addr < ml->mr->addr || | 
 |                 (new_ml->mr->addr == ml->mr->addr && | 
 |                  new_ml->mr->priority > ml->mr->priority)) { | 
 |                 QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(ml, new_ml, mrqueue); | 
 |                 new_ml = NULL; | 
 |                 break; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (new_ml) { | 
 |             QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&submr_print_queue, new_ml, mrqueue); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(ml, &submr_print_queue, mrqueue) { | 
 |         mtree_print_mr(ml->mr, level + 1, cur_start, | 
 |                        alias_print_queue, owner, display_disabled); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(ml, &submr_print_queue, mrqueue, next_ml) { | 
 |         g_free(ml); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | struct FlatViewInfo { | 
 |     int counter; | 
 |     bool dispatch_tree; | 
 |     bool owner; | 
 |     AccelClass *ac; | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | static void mtree_print_flatview(gpointer key, gpointer value, | 
 |                                  gpointer user_data) | 
 | { | 
 |     FlatView *view = key; | 
 |     GArray *fv_address_spaces = value; | 
 |     struct FlatViewInfo *fvi = user_data; | 
 |     FlatRange *range = &view->ranges[0]; | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr; | 
 |     int n = view->nr; | 
 |     int i; | 
 |     AddressSpace *as; | 
 |  | 
 |     qemu_printf("FlatView #%d\n", fvi->counter); | 
 |     ++fvi->counter; | 
 |  | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < fv_address_spaces->len; ++i) { | 
 |         as = g_array_index(fv_address_spaces, AddressSpace*, i); | 
 |         qemu_printf(" AS \"%s\", root: %s", | 
 |                     as->name, memory_region_name(as->root)); | 
 |         if (as->root->alias) { | 
 |             qemu_printf(", alias %s", memory_region_name(as->root->alias)); | 
 |         } | 
 |         qemu_printf("\n"); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     qemu_printf(" Root memory region: %s\n", | 
 |       view->root ? memory_region_name(view->root) : "(none)"); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (n <= 0) { | 
 |         qemu_printf(MTREE_INDENT "No rendered FlatView\n\n"); | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     while (n--) { | 
 |         mr = range->mr; | 
 |         if (range->offset_in_region) { | 
 |             qemu_printf(MTREE_INDENT HWADDR_FMT_plx "-" HWADDR_FMT_plx | 
 |                         " (prio %d, %s%s): %s @" HWADDR_FMT_plx, | 
 |                         int128_get64(range->addr.start), | 
 |                         int128_get64(range->addr.start) | 
 |                         + MR_SIZE(range->addr.size), | 
 |                         mr->priority, | 
 |                         range->nonvolatile ? "nv-" : "", | 
 |                         range->readonly ? "rom" : memory_region_type(mr), | 
 |                         memory_region_name(mr), | 
 |                         range->offset_in_region); | 
 |         } else { | 
 |             qemu_printf(MTREE_INDENT HWADDR_FMT_plx "-" HWADDR_FMT_plx | 
 |                         " (prio %d, %s%s): %s", | 
 |                         int128_get64(range->addr.start), | 
 |                         int128_get64(range->addr.start) | 
 |                         + MR_SIZE(range->addr.size), | 
 |                         mr->priority, | 
 |                         range->nonvolatile ? "nv-" : "", | 
 |                         range->readonly ? "rom" : memory_region_type(mr), | 
 |                         memory_region_name(mr)); | 
 |         } | 
 |         if (fvi->owner) { | 
 |             mtree_print_mr_owner(mr); | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         if (fvi->ac) { | 
 |             for (i = 0; i < fv_address_spaces->len; ++i) { | 
 |                 as = g_array_index(fv_address_spaces, AddressSpace*, i); | 
 |                 if (fvi->ac->has_memory(current_machine, as, | 
 |                                         int128_get64(range->addr.start), | 
 |                                         MR_SIZE(range->addr.size) + 1)) { | 
 |                     qemu_printf(" %s", fvi->ac->name); | 
 |                 } | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |         qemu_printf("\n"); | 
 |         range++; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 | #if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY) | 
 |     if (fvi->dispatch_tree && view->root) { | 
 |         mtree_print_dispatch(view->dispatch, view->root); | 
 |     } | 
 | #endif | 
 |  | 
 |     qemu_printf("\n"); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static gboolean mtree_info_flatview_free(gpointer key, gpointer value, | 
 |                                       gpointer user_data) | 
 | { | 
 |     FlatView *view = key; | 
 |     GArray *fv_address_spaces = value; | 
 |  | 
 |     g_array_unref(fv_address_spaces); | 
 |     flatview_unref(view); | 
 |  | 
 |     return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void mtree_info_flatview(bool dispatch_tree, bool owner) | 
 | { | 
 |     struct FlatViewInfo fvi = { | 
 |         .counter = 0, | 
 |         .dispatch_tree = dispatch_tree, | 
 |         .owner = owner, | 
 |     }; | 
 |     AddressSpace *as; | 
 |     FlatView *view; | 
 |     GArray *fv_address_spaces; | 
 |     GHashTable *views = g_hash_table_new(g_direct_hash, g_direct_equal); | 
 |     AccelClass *ac = ACCEL_GET_CLASS(current_accel()); | 
 |  | 
 |     if (ac->has_memory) { | 
 |         fvi.ac = ac; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Gather all FVs in one table */ | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) { | 
 |         view = address_space_get_flatview(as); | 
 |  | 
 |         fv_address_spaces = g_hash_table_lookup(views, view); | 
 |         if (!fv_address_spaces) { | 
 |             fv_address_spaces = g_array_new(false, false, sizeof(as)); | 
 |             g_hash_table_insert(views, view, fv_address_spaces); | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         g_array_append_val(fv_address_spaces, as); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Print */ | 
 |     g_hash_table_foreach(views, mtree_print_flatview, &fvi); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Free */ | 
 |     g_hash_table_foreach_remove(views, mtree_info_flatview_free, 0); | 
 |     g_hash_table_unref(views); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | struct AddressSpaceInfo { | 
 |     MemoryRegionListHead *ml_head; | 
 |     bool owner; | 
 |     bool disabled; | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | /* Returns negative value if a < b; zero if a = b; positive value if a > b. */ | 
 | static gint address_space_compare_name(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b) | 
 | { | 
 |     const AddressSpace *as_a = a; | 
 |     const AddressSpace *as_b = b; | 
 |  | 
 |     return g_strcmp0(as_a->name, as_b->name); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void mtree_print_as_name(gpointer data, gpointer user_data) | 
 | { | 
 |     AddressSpace *as = data; | 
 |  | 
 |     qemu_printf("address-space: %s\n", as->name); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void mtree_print_as(gpointer key, gpointer value, gpointer user_data) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegion *mr = key; | 
 |     GSList *as_same_root_mr_list = value; | 
 |     struct AddressSpaceInfo *asi = user_data; | 
 |  | 
 |     g_slist_foreach(as_same_root_mr_list, mtree_print_as_name, NULL); | 
 |     mtree_print_mr(mr, 1, 0, asi->ml_head, asi->owner, asi->disabled); | 
 |     qemu_printf("\n"); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static gboolean mtree_info_as_free(gpointer key, gpointer value, | 
 |                                    gpointer user_data) | 
 | { | 
 |     GSList *as_same_root_mr_list = value; | 
 |  | 
 |     g_slist_free(as_same_root_mr_list); | 
 |  | 
 |     return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static void mtree_info_as(bool dispatch_tree, bool owner, bool disabled) | 
 | { | 
 |     MemoryRegionListHead ml_head; | 
 |     MemoryRegionList *ml, *ml2; | 
 |     AddressSpace *as; | 
 |     GHashTable *views = g_hash_table_new(g_direct_hash, g_direct_equal); | 
 |     GSList *as_same_root_mr_list; | 
 |     struct AddressSpaceInfo asi = { | 
 |         .ml_head = &ml_head, | 
 |         .owner = owner, | 
 |         .disabled = disabled, | 
 |     }; | 
 |  | 
 |     QTAILQ_INIT(&ml_head); | 
 |  | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) { | 
 |         /* Create hashtable, key=AS root MR, value = list of AS */ | 
 |         as_same_root_mr_list = g_hash_table_lookup(views, as->root); | 
 |         as_same_root_mr_list = g_slist_insert_sorted(as_same_root_mr_list, as, | 
 |                                                      address_space_compare_name); | 
 |         g_hash_table_insert(views, as->root, as_same_root_mr_list); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* print address spaces */ | 
 |     g_hash_table_foreach(views, mtree_print_as, &asi); | 
 |     g_hash_table_foreach_remove(views, mtree_info_as_free, 0); | 
 |     g_hash_table_unref(views); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* print aliased regions */ | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH(ml, &ml_head, mrqueue) { | 
 |         qemu_printf("memory-region: %s\n", memory_region_name(ml->mr)); | 
 |         mtree_print_mr(ml->mr, 1, 0, &ml_head, owner, disabled); | 
 |         qemu_printf("\n"); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(ml, &ml_head, mrqueue, ml2) { | 
 |         g_free(ml); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void mtree_info(bool flatview, bool dispatch_tree, bool owner, bool disabled) | 
 | { | 
 |     if (flatview) { | 
 |         mtree_info_flatview(dispatch_tree, owner); | 
 |     } else { | 
 |         mtree_info_as(dispatch_tree, owner, disabled); | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_ram(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                             Object *owner, | 
 |                             const char *name, | 
 |                             uint64_t size, | 
 |                             Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     DeviceState *owner_dev; | 
 |     Error *err = NULL; | 
 |  | 
 |     memory_region_init_ram_nomigrate(mr, owner, name, size, &err); | 
 |     if (err) { | 
 |         error_propagate(errp, err); | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* This will assert if owner is neither NULL nor a DeviceState. | 
 |      * We only want the owner here for the purposes of defining a | 
 |      * unique name for migration. TODO: Ideally we should implement | 
 |      * a naming scheme for Objects which are not DeviceStates, in | 
 |      * which case we can relax this restriction. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     owner_dev = DEVICE(owner); | 
 |     vmstate_register_ram(mr, owner_dev); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_rom(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                             Object *owner, | 
 |                             const char *name, | 
 |                             uint64_t size, | 
 |                             Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     DeviceState *owner_dev; | 
 |     Error *err = NULL; | 
 |  | 
 |     memory_region_init_rom_nomigrate(mr, owner, name, size, &err); | 
 |     if (err) { | 
 |         error_propagate(errp, err); | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* This will assert if owner is neither NULL nor a DeviceState. | 
 |      * We only want the owner here for the purposes of defining a | 
 |      * unique name for migration. TODO: Ideally we should implement | 
 |      * a naming scheme for Objects which are not DeviceStates, in | 
 |      * which case we can relax this restriction. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     owner_dev = DEVICE(owner); | 
 |     vmstate_register_ram(mr, owner_dev); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | void memory_region_init_rom_device(MemoryRegion *mr, | 
 |                                    Object *owner, | 
 |                                    const MemoryRegionOps *ops, | 
 |                                    void *opaque, | 
 |                                    const char *name, | 
 |                                    uint64_t size, | 
 |                                    Error **errp) | 
 | { | 
 |     DeviceState *owner_dev; | 
 |     Error *err = NULL; | 
 |  | 
 |     memory_region_init_rom_device_nomigrate(mr, owner, ops, opaque, | 
 |                                             name, size, &err); | 
 |     if (err) { | 
 |         error_propagate(errp, err); | 
 |         return; | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* This will assert if owner is neither NULL nor a DeviceState. | 
 |      * We only want the owner here for the purposes of defining a | 
 |      * unique name for migration. TODO: Ideally we should implement | 
 |      * a naming scheme for Objects which are not DeviceStates, in | 
 |      * which case we can relax this restriction. | 
 |      */ | 
 |     owner_dev = DEVICE(owner); | 
 |     vmstate_register_ram(mr, owner_dev); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* | 
 |  * Support system builds with CONFIG_FUZZ using a weak symbol and a stub for | 
 |  * the fuzz_dma_read_cb callback | 
 |  */ | 
 | #ifdef CONFIG_FUZZ | 
 | void __attribute__((weak)) fuzz_dma_read_cb(size_t addr, | 
 |                       size_t len, | 
 |                       MemoryRegion *mr) | 
 | { | 
 | } | 
 | #endif | 
 |  | 
 | static const TypeInfo memory_region_info = { | 
 |     .parent             = TYPE_OBJECT, | 
 |     .name               = TYPE_MEMORY_REGION, | 
 |     .class_size         = sizeof(MemoryRegionClass), | 
 |     .instance_size      = sizeof(MemoryRegion), | 
 |     .instance_init      = memory_region_initfn, | 
 |     .instance_finalize  = memory_region_finalize, | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | static const TypeInfo iommu_memory_region_info = { | 
 |     .parent             = TYPE_MEMORY_REGION, | 
 |     .name               = TYPE_IOMMU_MEMORY_REGION, | 
 |     .class_size         = sizeof(IOMMUMemoryRegionClass), | 
 |     .instance_size      = sizeof(IOMMUMemoryRegion), | 
 |     .instance_init      = iommu_memory_region_initfn, | 
 |     .abstract           = true, | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | static const TypeInfo ram_discard_manager_info = { | 
 |     .parent             = TYPE_INTERFACE, | 
 |     .name               = TYPE_RAM_DISCARD_MANAGER, | 
 |     .class_size         = sizeof(RamDiscardManagerClass), | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | static void memory_register_types(void) | 
 | { | 
 |     type_register_static(&memory_region_info); | 
 |     type_register_static(&iommu_memory_region_info); | 
 |     type_register_static(&ram_discard_manager_info); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | type_init(memory_register_types) |