vl.c - qemu - Git at Google

 /*
  * QEMU System Emulator
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  *
  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  *
  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  * THE SOFTWARE.
  */
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <zlib.h>
 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"

 /* Needed early for CONFIG_BSD etc. */
 #include "config-host.h"

 #ifndef _WIN32
 #include <libgen.h>
 #include <sys/times.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <termios.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <net/if.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <netdb.h>
 #include <sys/select.h>

 #ifdef CONFIG_BSD
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
 #else
 #include <util.h>
 #endif
 #else
 #ifdef __linux__
 #include <malloc.h>

 #include <linux/ppdev.h>
 #include <linux/parport.h>
 #endif

 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
 #include "sysemu/seccomp.h"
 #endif

 #ifdef __sun__
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/ethernet.h>
 #include <sys/sockio.h>
 #include <netinet/arp.h>
 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
 #include <netinet/ip.h>
 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> // must come after ip.h
 #include <netinet/udp.h>
 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
 #include <net/if.h>
 #include <syslog.h>
 #include <stropts.h>
 #endif
 #endif
 #endif

 #if defined(CONFIG_VDE)
 #include <libvdeplug.h>
 #endif

 #ifdef _WIN32
 #include <windows.h>
 #endif

 #ifdef CONFIG_SDL
 #if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(main)
 #include <SDL.h>
 int qemu_main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp);
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
     return qemu_main(argc, argv, NULL);
 }
 #undef main
 #define main qemu_main
 #endif
 #endif /* CONFIG_SDL */

 #ifdef CONFIG_COCOA
 #undef main
 #define main qemu_main
 #endif /* CONFIG_COCOA */

 #include <glib.h>

 #include "hw/hw.h"
 #include "hw/boards.h"
 #include "hw/usb.h"
 #include "hw/pcmcia.h"
 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
 #include "hw/bt.h"
 #include "sysemu/watchdog.h"
 #include "hw/i386/smbios.h"
 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
 #include "hw/qdev.h"
 #include "hw/loader.h"
 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
 #include "sysemu/bt.h"
 #include "net/net.h"
 #include "net/slirp.h"
 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
 #include "ui/console.h"
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
 #include "qemu/timer.h"
 #include "sysemu/char.h"
 #include "qemu/cache-utils.h"
 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
 #include "hw/block/block.h"
 #include "migration/block.h"
 #include "sysemu/tpm.h"
 #include "sysemu/dma.h"
 #include "audio/audio.h"
 #include "migration/migration.h"
 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
 #include "qemu/option.h"
 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
 #include "qemu-options.h"
 #include "qmp-commands.h"
 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
 #include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
 #endif
 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"

 #include "disas/disas.h"

 #include "qemu/sockets.h"

 #include "slirp/libslirp.h"

 #include "trace.h"
 #include "trace/control.h"
 #include "qemu/queue.h"
 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"

 #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
 #include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"

 //#define DEBUG_NET
 //#define DEBUG_SLIRP

 #define DEFAULT_RAM_SIZE 128

 #define MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES 1
 #define MAX_SCLP_CONSOLES 1

 static const char *data_dir[16];
 static int data_dir_idx;
 const char *bios_name = NULL;
 enum vga_retrace_method vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
 DisplayType display_type = DT_DEFAULT;
 static int display_remote;
 const char* keyboard_layout = NULL;
 ram_addr_t ram_size;
 const char *mem_path = NULL;
 #ifdef MAP_POPULATE
 int mem_prealloc = 0; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
 #endif
 int nb_nics;
 NICInfo nd_table[MAX_NICS];
 int autostart;
 static int rtc_utc = 1;
 static int rtc_date_offset = -1; /* -1 means no change */
 QEMUClockType rtc_clock;
 int vga_interface_type = VGA_NONE;
 static int full_screen = 0;
 static int no_frame = 0;
 int no_quit = 0;
 CharDriverState *serial_hds[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS];
 CharDriverState *parallel_hds[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS];
 CharDriverState *virtcon_hds[MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES];
 CharDriverState *sclp_hds[MAX_SCLP_CONSOLES];
 int win2k_install_hack = 0;
 int singlestep = 0;
 int smp_cpus = 1;
 int max_cpus = 0;
 int smp_cores = 1;
 int smp_threads = 1;
 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
 const char *vnc_display;
 #endif
 int acpi_enabled = 1;
 int no_hpet = 0;
 int fd_bootchk = 1;
 static int no_reboot;
 int no_shutdown = 0;
 int cursor_hide = 1;
 int graphic_rotate = 0;
 const char *watchdog;
 QEMUOptionRom option_rom[MAX_OPTION_ROMS];
 int nb_option_roms;
 int semihosting_enabled = 0;
 int old_param = 0;
 const char *qemu_name;
 int alt_grab = 0;
 int ctrl_grab = 0;
 unsigned int nb_prom_envs = 0;
 const char *prom_envs[MAX_PROM_ENVS];
 int boot_menu;
 bool boot_strict;
 uint8_t *boot_splash_filedata;
 size_t boot_splash_filedata_size;
 uint8_t qemu_extra_params_fw[2];

 typedef struct FWBootEntry FWBootEntry;

 struct FWBootEntry {
     QTAILQ_ENTRY(FWBootEntry) link;
     int32_t bootindex;
     DeviceState *dev;
     char *suffix;
 };

 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, FWBootEntry) fw_boot_order =
     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(fw_boot_order);

 int nb_numa_nodes;
 uint64_t node_mem[MAX_NODES];
 unsigned long *node_cpumask[MAX_NODES];

 uint8_t qemu_uuid[16];
 bool qemu_uuid_set;

 static QEMUBootSetHandler *boot_set_handler;
 static void *boot_set_opaque;

 static NotifierList exit_notifiers =
     NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(exit_notifiers);

 static NotifierList machine_init_done_notifiers =
     NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(machine_init_done_notifiers);

 static bool tcg_allowed = true;
 bool xen_allowed;
 uint32_t xen_domid;
 enum xen_mode xen_mode = XEN_EMULATE;
 static int tcg_tb_size;

 static int default_serial = 1;
 static int default_parallel = 1;
 static int default_virtcon = 1;
 static int default_sclp = 1;
 static int default_monitor = 1;
 static int default_floppy = 1;
 static int default_cdrom = 1;
 static int default_sdcard = 1;
 static int default_vga = 1;

 static struct {
     const char *driver;
     int *flag;
 } default_list[] = {
     { .driver = "isa-serial",           .flag = &default_serial    },
     { .driver = "isa-parallel",         .flag = &default_parallel  },
     { .driver = "isa-fdc",              .flag = &default_floppy    },
     { .driver = "ide-cd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
     { .driver = "ide-hd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
     { .driver = "ide-drive",            .flag = &default_cdrom     },
     { .driver = "scsi-cd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
     { .driver = "virtio-serial-pci",    .flag = &default_virtcon   },
     { .driver = "virtio-serial-s390",   .flag = &default_virtcon   },
     { .driver = "virtio-serial",        .flag = &default_virtcon   },
     { .driver = "VGA",                  .flag = &default_vga       },
     { .driver = "isa-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
     { .driver = "cirrus-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
     { .driver = "isa-cirrus-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
     { .driver = "vmware-svga",          .flag = &default_vga       },
     { .driver = "qxl-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
 };

 static QemuOptsList qemu_rtc_opts = {
     .name = "rtc",
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_rtc_opts.head),
     .desc = {
         {
             .name = "base",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
         },{
             .name = "clock",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
         },{
             .name = "driftfix",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
         },
         { /* end of list */ }
     },
 };

 static QemuOptsList qemu_sandbox_opts = {
     .name = "sandbox",
     .implied_opt_name = "enable",
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_sandbox_opts.head),
     .desc = {
         {
             .name = "enable",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
         },
         { /* end of list */ }
     },
 };

 static QemuOptsList qemu_trace_opts = {
     .name = "trace",
     .implied_opt_name = "trace",
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_trace_opts.head),
     .desc = {
         {
             .name = "events",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
         },{
             .name = "file",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
         },
         { /* end of list */ }
     },
 };

 static QemuOptsList qemu_option_rom_opts = {
     .name = "option-rom",
     .implied_opt_name = "romfile",
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_option_rom_opts.head),
     .desc = {
         {
             .name = "bootindex",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
         }, {
             .name = "romfile",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
         },
         { /* end of list */ }
     },
 };

 static QemuOptsList qemu_machine_opts = {
     .name = "machine",
     .implied_opt_name = "type",
     .merge_lists = true,
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_machine_opts.head),
     .desc = {
         {
             .name = "type",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
             .help = "emulated machine"
         }, {
             .name = "accel",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
             .help = "accelerator list",
         }, {
             .name = "kernel_irqchip",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
             .help = "use KVM in-kernel irqchip",
         }, {
             .name = "kvm_shadow_mem",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
             .help = "KVM shadow MMU size",
         }, {
             .name = "kernel",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
             .help = "Linux kernel image file",
         }, {
             .name = "initrd",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
             .help = "Linux initial ramdisk file",
         }, {
             .name = "append",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
             .help = "Linux kernel command line",
         }, {
             .name = "dtb",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
             .help = "Linux kernel device tree file",
         }, {
             .name = "dumpdtb",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
             .help = "Dump current dtb to a file and quit",
         }, {
             .name = "phandle_start",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
             .help = "The first phandle ID we may generate dynamically",
         }, {
             .name = "dt_compatible",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
             .help = "Overrides the \"compatible\" property of the dt root node",
         }, {
             .name = "dump-guest-core",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
             .help = "Include guest memory in  a core dump",
         }, {
             .name = "mem-merge",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
             .help = "enable/disable memory merge support",
         },{
             .name = "usb",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
             .help = "Set on/off to enable/disable usb",
         },
         { /* End of list */ }
     },
 };

 static QemuOptsList qemu_boot_opts = {
     .name = "boot-opts",
     .implied_opt_name = "order",
     .merge_lists = true,
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_boot_opts.head),
     .desc = {
         {
             .name = "order",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
         }, {
             .name = "once",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
         }, {
             .name = "menu",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
         }, {
             .name = "splash",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
         }, {
             .name = "splash-time",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
         }, {
             .name = "reboot-timeout",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
         }, {
             .name = "strict",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
         },
         { /*End of list */ }
     },
 };

 static QemuOptsList qemu_add_fd_opts = {
     .name = "add-fd",
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_add_fd_opts.head),
     .desc = {
         {
             .name = "fd",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
             .help = "file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set",
         },{
             .name = "set",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
             .help = "ID of the fd set to add fd to",
         },{
             .name = "opaque",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
             .help = "free-form string used to describe fd",
         },
         { /* end of list */ }
     },
 };

 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
     .name = "object",
     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
     .desc = {
         { }
     },
 };

 static QemuOptsList qemu_tpmdev_opts = {
     .name = "tpmdev",
     .implied_opt_name = "type",
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_tpmdev_opts.head),
     .desc = {
         /* options are defined in the TPM backends */
         { /* end of list */ }
     },
 };

 static QemuOptsList qemu_realtime_opts = {
     .name = "realtime",
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_realtime_opts.head),
     .desc = {
         {
             .name = "mlock",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
         },
         { /* end of list */ }
     },
 };

 static QemuOptsList qemu_msg_opts = {
     .name = "msg",
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_msg_opts.head),
     .desc = {
         {
             .name = "timestamp",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
         },
         { /* end of list */ }
     },
 };

 /**
  * Get machine options
  *
  * Returns: machine options (never null).
  */
 QemuOpts *qemu_get_machine_opts(void)
 {
     QemuOptsList *list;
     QemuOpts *opts;

     list = qemu_find_opts("machine");
     assert(list);
     opts = qemu_opts_find(list, NULL);
     if (!opts) {
         opts = qemu_opts_create_nofail(list);
     }
     return opts;
 }

 const char *qemu_get_vm_name(void)
 {
     return qemu_name;
 }

 static void res_free(void)
 {
     if (boot_splash_filedata != NULL) {
         g_free(boot_splash_filedata);
         boot_splash_filedata = NULL;
     }
 }

 static int default_driver_check(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 {
     const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
     int i;

     if (!driver)
         return 0;
     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(default_list); i++) {
         if (strcmp(default_list[i].driver, driver) != 0)
             continue;
         *(default_list[i].flag) = 0;
     }
     return 0;
 }

 /***********************************************************/
 /* QEMU state */

 static RunState current_run_state = RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH;

 typedef struct {
     RunState from;
     RunState to;
 } RunStateTransition;

 static const RunStateTransition runstate_transitions_def[] = {
     /*     from      ->     to      */
     { RUN_STATE_DEBUG, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },

     { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
     { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },

     { RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
     { RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },

     { RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
     { RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },

     { RUN_STATE_PAUSED, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
     { RUN_STATE_PAUSED, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },

     { RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
     { RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },

     { RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
     { RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
     { RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH, RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE },

     { RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
     { RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE, RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE },

     { RUN_STATE_RESTORE_VM, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },

     { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_DEBUG },
     { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR },
     { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR },
     { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
     { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
     { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_RESTORE_VM },
     { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_SAVE_VM },
     { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN },
     { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG },
     { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED },

     { RUN_STATE_SAVE_VM, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },

     { RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
     { RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },

     { RUN_STATE_DEBUG, RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED },
     { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED },
     { RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
     { RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },

     { RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
     { RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },

     { RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
     { RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },

     { RUN_STATE_MAX, RUN_STATE_MAX },
 };

 static bool runstate_valid_transitions[RUN_STATE_MAX][RUN_STATE_MAX];

 bool runstate_check(RunState state)
 {
     return current_run_state == state;
 }

 static void runstate_init(void)
 {
     const RunStateTransition *p;

     memset(&runstate_valid_transitions, 0, sizeof(runstate_valid_transitions));

     for (p = &runstate_transitions_def[0]; p->from != RUN_STATE_MAX; p++) {
         runstate_valid_transitions[p->from][p->to] = true;
     }
 }

 /* This function will abort() on invalid state transitions */
 void runstate_set(RunState new_state)
 {
     assert(new_state < RUN_STATE_MAX);

     if (!runstate_valid_transitions[current_run_state][new_state]) {
         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: invalid runstate transition: '%s' -> '%s'\n",
                 RunState_lookup[current_run_state],
                 RunState_lookup[new_state]);
         abort();
     }
     trace_runstate_set(new_state);
     current_run_state = new_state;
 }

 int runstate_is_running(void)
 {
     return runstate_check(RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
 }

 bool runstate_needs_reset(void)
 {
     return runstate_check(RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR) ||
         runstate_check(RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN);
 }

 StatusInfo *qmp_query_status(Error **errp)
 {
     StatusInfo *info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));

     info->running = runstate_is_running();
     info->singlestep = singlestep;
     info->status = current_run_state;

     return info;
 }

 /***********************************************************/
 /* real time host monotonic timer */

 /***********************************************************/
 /* host time/date access */
 void qemu_get_timedate(struct tm *tm, int offset)
 {
     time_t ti;

     time(&ti);
     ti += offset;
     if (rtc_date_offset == -1) {
         if (rtc_utc)
             gmtime_r(&ti, tm);
         else
             localtime_r(&ti, tm);
     } else {
         ti -= rtc_date_offset;
         gmtime_r(&ti, tm);
     }
 }

 int qemu_timedate_diff(struct tm *tm)
 {
     time_t seconds;

     if (rtc_date_offset == -1)
         if (rtc_utc)
             seconds = mktimegm(tm);
         else {
             struct tm tmp = *tm;
             tmp.tm_isdst = -1; /* use timezone to figure it out */
             seconds = mktime(&tmp);
 	}
     else
         seconds = mktimegm(tm) + rtc_date_offset;

     return seconds - time(NULL);
 }

 void rtc_change_mon_event(struct tm *tm)
 {
     QObject *data;

     data = qobject_from_jsonf("{ 'offset': %d }", qemu_timedate_diff(tm));
     monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_RTC_CHANGE, data);
     qobject_decref(data);
 }

 static void configure_rtc_date_offset(const char *startdate, int legacy)
 {
     time_t rtc_start_date;
     struct tm tm;

     if (!strcmp(startdate, "now") && legacy) {
         rtc_date_offset = -1;
     } else {
         if (sscanf(startdate, "%d-%d-%dT%d:%d:%d",
                    &tm.tm_year,
                    &tm.tm_mon,
                    &tm.tm_mday,
                    &tm.tm_hour,
                    &tm.tm_min,
                    &tm.tm_sec) == 6) {
             /* OK */
         } else if (sscanf(startdate, "%d-%d-%d",
                           &tm.tm_year,
                           &tm.tm_mon,
                           &tm.tm_mday) == 3) {
             tm.tm_hour = 0;
             tm.tm_min = 0;
             tm.tm_sec = 0;
         } else {
             goto date_fail;
         }
         tm.tm_year -= 1900;
         tm.tm_mon--;
         rtc_start_date = mktimegm(&tm);
         if (rtc_start_date == -1) {
         date_fail:
             fprintf(stderr, "Invalid date format. Valid formats are:\n"
                             "'2006-06-17T16:01:21' or '2006-06-17'\n");
             exit(1);
         }
         rtc_date_offset = time(NULL) - rtc_start_date;
     }
 }

 static void configure_rtc(QemuOpts *opts)
 {
     const char *value;

     value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "base");
     if (value) {
         if (!strcmp(value, "utc")) {
             rtc_utc = 1;
         } else if (!strcmp(value, "localtime")) {
             rtc_utc = 0;
         } else {
             configure_rtc_date_offset(value, 0);
         }
     }
     value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "clock");
     if (value) {
         if (!strcmp(value, "host")) {
             rtc_clock = QEMU_CLOCK_HOST;
         } else if (!strcmp(value, "rt")) {
             rtc_clock = QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME;
         } else if (!strcmp(value, "vm")) {
             rtc_clock = QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL;
         } else {
             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: invalid option value '%s'\n", value);
             exit(1);
         }
     }
     value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driftfix");
     if (value) {
         if (!strcmp(value, "slew")) {
             static GlobalProperty slew_lost_ticks[] = {
                 {
                     .driver   = "mc146818rtc",
                     .property = "lost_tick_policy",
                     .value    = "slew",
                 },
                 { /* end of list */ }
             };

             qdev_prop_register_global_list(slew_lost_ticks);
         } else if (!strcmp(value, "none")) {
             /* discard is default */
         } else {
             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: invalid option value '%s'\n", value);
             exit(1);
         }
     }
 }

 /***********************************************************/
 /* Bluetooth support */
 static int nb_hcis;
 static int cur_hci;
 static struct HCIInfo *hci_table[MAX_NICS];

 struct HCIInfo *qemu_next_hci(void)
 {
     if (cur_hci == nb_hcis)
         return &null_hci;

     return hci_table[cur_hci++];
 }

 static int bt_hci_parse(const char *str)
 {
     struct HCIInfo *hci;
     bdaddr_t bdaddr;

     if (nb_hcis >= MAX_NICS) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Too many bluetooth HCIs (max %i).\n", MAX_NICS);
         return -1;
     }

     hci = hci_init(str);
     if (!hci)
         return -1;

     bdaddr.b[0] = 0x52;
     bdaddr.b[1] = 0x54;
     bdaddr.b[2] = 0x00;
     bdaddr.b[3] = 0x12;
     bdaddr.b[4] = 0x34;
     bdaddr.b[5] = 0x56 + nb_hcis;
     hci->bdaddr_set(hci, bdaddr.b);

     hci_table[nb_hcis++] = hci;

     return 0;
 }

 static void bt_vhci_add(int vlan_id)
 {
     struct bt_scatternet_s *vlan = qemu_find_bt_vlan(vlan_id);

     if (!vlan->slave)
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: warning: adding a VHCI to "
                         "an empty scatternet %i\n", vlan_id);

     bt_vhci_init(bt_new_hci(vlan));
 }

 static struct bt_device_s *bt_device_add(const char *opt)
 {
     struct bt_scatternet_s *vlan;
     int vlan_id = 0;
     char *endp = strstr(opt, ",vlan=");
     int len = (endp ? endp - opt : strlen(opt)) + 1;
     char devname[10];

     pstrcpy(devname, MIN(sizeof(devname), len), opt);

     if (endp) {
         vlan_id = strtol(endp + 6, &endp, 0);
         if (*endp) {
             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: unrecognised bluetooth vlan Id\n");
             return 0;
         }
     }

     vlan = qemu_find_bt_vlan(vlan_id);

     if (!vlan->slave)
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: warning: adding a slave device to "
                         "an empty scatternet %i\n", vlan_id);

     if (!strcmp(devname, "keyboard"))
         return bt_keyboard_init(vlan);

     fprintf(stderr, "qemu: unsupported bluetooth device `%s'\n", devname);
     return 0;
 }

 static int bt_parse(const char *opt)
 {
     const char *endp, *p;
     int vlan;

     if (strstart(opt, "hci", &endp)) {
         if (!*endp || *endp == ',') {
             if (*endp)
                 if (!strstart(endp, ",vlan=", 0))
                     opt = endp + 1;

             return bt_hci_parse(opt);
        }
     } else if (strstart(opt, "vhci", &endp)) {
         if (!*endp || *endp == ',') {
             if (*endp) {
                 if (strstart(endp, ",vlan=", &p)) {
                     vlan = strtol(p, (char **) &endp, 0);
                     if (*endp) {
                         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: bad scatternet '%s'\n", p);
                         return 1;
                     }
                 } else {
                     fprintf(stderr, "qemu: bad parameter '%s'\n", endp + 1);
                     return 1;
                 }
             } else
                 vlan = 0;

             bt_vhci_add(vlan);
             return 0;
         }
     } else if (strstart(opt, "device:", &endp))
         return !bt_device_add(endp);

     fprintf(stderr, "qemu: bad bluetooth parameter '%s'\n", opt);
     return 1;
 }

 static int parse_sandbox(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 {
     /* FIXME: change this to true for 1.3 */
     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "enable", false)) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
         if (seccomp_start() < 0) {
             qerror_report(ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR,
                           "failed to install seccomp syscall filter in the kernel");
             return -1;
         }
 #else
         qerror_report(ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR,
                       "sandboxing request but seccomp is not compiled into this build");
         return -1;
 #endif
     }

     return 0;
 }

 bool usb_enabled(bool default_usb)
 {
     return qemu_opt_get_bool(qemu_get_machine_opts(), "usb", default_usb);
 }

 #ifndef _WIN32
 static int parse_add_fd(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 {
     int fd, dupfd, flags;
     int64_t fdset_id;
     const char *fd_opaque = NULL;

     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
     fdset_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "set", -1);
     fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");

     if (fd < 0) {
         qerror_report(ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR,
                       "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
         return -1;
     }

     if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
         qerror_report(ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR,
                       "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
         return -1;
     }

     /*
      * All fds inherited across exec() necessarily have FD_CLOEXEC
      * clear, while qemu sets FD_CLOEXEC on all other fds used internally.
      */
     flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
     if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
         qerror_report(ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR,
                       "fd is not valid or already in use");
         return -1;
     }

     if (fdset_id < 0) {
         qerror_report(ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR,
                       "set option is required and must be non-negative");
         return -1;
     }

 #ifdef F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
     dupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
 #else
     dupfd = dup(fd);
     if (dupfd != -1) {
         qemu_set_cloexec(dupfd);
     }
 #endif
     if (dupfd == -1) {
         qerror_report(ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR,
                       "Error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
         return -1;
     }

     /* add the duplicate fd, and optionally the opaque string, to the fd set */
     monitor_fdset_add_fd(dupfd, true, fdset_id, fd_opaque ? true : false,
                          fd_opaque, NULL);

     return 0;
 }

 static int cleanup_add_fd(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 {
     int fd;

     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
     close(fd);

     return 0;
 }
 #endif

 /***********************************************************/
 /* QEMU Block devices */

 #define HD_OPTS "media=disk"
 #define CDROM_OPTS "media=cdrom"
 #define FD_OPTS ""
 #define PFLASH_OPTS ""
 #define MTD_OPTS ""
 #define SD_OPTS ""

 static int drive_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 {
     BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;

     return drive_init(opts, *block_default_type) == NULL;
 }

 static int drive_enable_snapshot(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 {
     if (NULL == qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot")) {
         qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on");
     }
     return 0;
 }

 static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
                           int index, const char *optstr)
 {
     QemuOpts *opts;

     if (!enable || drive_get_by_index(type, index)) {
         return;
     }

     opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
     if (snapshot) {
         drive_enable_snapshot(opts, NULL);
     }
     if (!drive_init(opts, type)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 }

 void qemu_register_boot_set(QEMUBootSetHandler *func, void *opaque)
 {
     boot_set_handler = func;
     boot_set_opaque = opaque;
 }

 int qemu_boot_set(const char *boot_order)
 {
     if (!boot_set_handler) {
         return -EINVAL;
     }
     return boot_set_handler(boot_set_opaque, boot_order);
 }

 static void validate_bootdevices(const char *devices)
 {
     /* We just do some generic consistency checks */
     const char *p;
     int bitmap = 0;

     for (p = devices; *p != '\0'; p++) {
         /* Allowed boot devices are:
          * a-b: floppy disk drives
          * c-f: IDE disk drives
          * g-m: machine implementation dependent drives
          * n-p: network devices
          * It's up to each machine implementation to check if the given boot
          * devices match the actual hardware implementation and firmware
          * features.
          */
         if (*p < 'a' || *p > 'p') {
             fprintf(stderr, "Invalid boot device '%c'\n", *p);
             exit(1);
         }
         if (bitmap & (1 << (*p - 'a'))) {
             fprintf(stderr, "Boot device '%c' was given twice\n", *p);
             exit(1);
         }
         bitmap |= 1 << (*p - 'a');
     }
 }

 static void restore_boot_order(void *opaque)
 {
     char *normal_boot_order = opaque;
     static int first = 1;

     /* Restore boot order and remove ourselves after the first boot */
     if (first) {
         first = 0;
         return;
     }

     qemu_boot_set(normal_boot_order);

     qemu_unregister_reset(restore_boot_order, normal_boot_order);
     g_free(normal_boot_order);
 }

 void add_boot_device_path(int32_t bootindex, DeviceState *dev,
                           const char *suffix)
 {
     FWBootEntry *node, *i;

     if (bootindex < 0) {
         return;
     }

     assert(dev != NULL || suffix != NULL);

     node = g_malloc0(sizeof(FWBootEntry));
     node->bootindex = bootindex;
     node->suffix = g_strdup(suffix);
     node->dev = dev;

     QTAILQ_FOREACH(i, &fw_boot_order, link) {
         if (i->bootindex == bootindex) {
             fprintf(stderr, "Two devices with same boot index %d\n", bootindex);
             exit(1);
         } else if (i->bootindex < bootindex) {
             continue;
         }
         QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(i, node, link);
         return;
     }
     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&fw_boot_order, node, link);
 }

 DeviceState *get_boot_device(uint32_t position)
 {
     uint32_t counter = 0;
     FWBootEntry *i = NULL;
     DeviceState *res = NULL;

     if (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&fw_boot_order)) {
         QTAILQ_FOREACH(i, &fw_boot_order, link) {
             if (counter == position) {
                 res = i->dev;
                 break;
             }
             counter++;
         }
     }
     return res;
 }

 /*
  * This function returns null terminated string that consist of new line
  * separated device paths.
  *
  * memory pointed by "size" is assigned total length of the array in bytes
  *
  */
 char *get_boot_devices_list(size_t *size)
 {
     FWBootEntry *i;
     size_t total = 0;
     char *list = NULL;

     QTAILQ_FOREACH(i, &fw_boot_order, link) {
         char *devpath = NULL, *bootpath;
         size_t len;

         if (i->dev) {
             devpath = qdev_get_fw_dev_path(i->dev);
             assert(devpath);
         }

         if (i->suffix && devpath) {
             size_t bootpathlen = strlen(devpath) + strlen(i->suffix) + 1;

             bootpath = g_malloc(bootpathlen);
             snprintf(bootpath, bootpathlen, "%s%s", devpath, i->suffix);
             g_free(devpath);
         } else if (devpath) {
             bootpath = devpath;
         } else {
             assert(i->suffix);
             bootpath = g_strdup(i->suffix);
         }

         if (total) {
             list[total-1] = '\n';
         }
         len = strlen(bootpath) + 1;
         list = g_realloc(list, total + len);
         memcpy(&list[total], bootpath, len);
         total += len;
         g_free(bootpath);
     }

     *size = total;

     if (boot_strict && *size > 0) {
         list[total-1] = '\n';
         list = g_realloc(list, total + 5);
         memcpy(&list[total], "HALT", 5);
         *size = total + 5;
     }
     return list;
 }

 static void numa_node_parse_cpus(int nodenr, const char *cpus)
 {
     char *endptr;
     unsigned long long value, endvalue;

     /* Empty CPU range strings will be considered valid, they will simply
      * not set any bit in the CPU bitmap.
      */
     if (!*cpus) {
         return;
     }

     if (parse_uint(cpus, &value, &endptr, 10) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
     if (*endptr == '-') {
         if (parse_uint_full(endptr + 1, &endvalue, 10) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
     } else if (*endptr == '\0') {
         endvalue = value;
     } else {
         goto error;
     }

     if (endvalue >= MAX_CPUMASK_BITS) {
         endvalue = MAX_CPUMASK_BITS - 1;
         fprintf(stderr,
             "qemu: NUMA: A max of %d VCPUs are supported\n",
              MAX_CPUMASK_BITS);
     }

     if (endvalue < value) {
         goto error;
     }

     bitmap_set(node_cpumask[nodenr], value, endvalue-value+1);
     return;

 error:
     fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Invalid NUMA CPU range: %s\n", cpus);
     exit(1);
 }

 static void numa_add(const char *optarg)
 {
     char option[128];
     char *endptr;
     unsigned long long nodenr;

     optarg = get_opt_name(option, 128, optarg, ',');
     if (*optarg == ',') {
         optarg++;
     }
     if (!strcmp(option, "node")) {

         if (nb_numa_nodes >= MAX_NODES) {
             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: too many NUMA nodes\n");
             exit(1);
         }

         if (get_param_value(option, 128, "nodeid", optarg) == 0) {
             nodenr = nb_numa_nodes;
         } else {
             if (parse_uint_full(option, &nodenr, 10) < 0) {
                 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Invalid NUMA nodeid: %s\n", option);
                 exit(1);
             }
         }

         if (nodenr >= MAX_NODES) {
             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: invalid NUMA nodeid: %llu\n", nodenr);
             exit(1);
         }

         if (get_param_value(option, 128, "mem", optarg) == 0) {
             node_mem[nodenr] = 0;
         } else {
             int64_t sval;
             sval = strtosz(option, &endptr);
             if (sval < 0 || *endptr) {
                 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: invalid numa mem size: %s\n", optarg);
                 exit(1);
             }
             node_mem[nodenr] = sval;
         }
         if (get_param_value(option, 128, "cpus", optarg) != 0) {
             numa_node_parse_cpus(nodenr, option);
         }
         nb_numa_nodes++;
     } else {
         fprintf(stderr, "Invalid -numa option: %s\n", option);
         exit(1);
     }
 }

 static QemuOptsList qemu_smp_opts = {
     .name = "smp-opts",
     .implied_opt_name = "cpus",
     .merge_lists = true,
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_smp_opts.head),
     .desc = {
         {
             .name = "cpus",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
         }, {
             .name = "sockets",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
         }, {
             .name = "cores",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
         }, {
             .name = "threads",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
         }, {
             .name = "maxcpus",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
         },
         { /*End of list */ }
     },
 };

 static void smp_parse(QemuOpts *opts)
 {
     if (opts) {

         unsigned cpus    = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "cpus", 0);
         unsigned sockets = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "sockets", 0);
         unsigned cores   = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "cores", 0);
         unsigned threads = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "threads", 0);

         /* compute missing values, prefer sockets over cores over threads */
         if (cpus == 0 || sockets == 0) {
             sockets = sockets > 0 ? sockets : 1;
             cores = cores > 0 ? cores : 1;
             threads = threads > 0 ? threads : 1;
             if (cpus == 0) {
                 cpus = cores * threads * sockets;
             }
         } else {
             if (cores == 0) {
                 threads = threads > 0 ? threads : 1;
                 cores = cpus / (sockets * threads);
             } else {
                 threads = cpus / (cores * sockets);
             }
         }

         max_cpus = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "maxcpus", 0);

         smp_cpus = cpus;
         smp_cores = cores > 0 ? cores : 1;
         smp_threads = threads > 0 ? threads : 1;

     }

     if (max_cpus == 0) {
         max_cpus = smp_cpus;
     }

     if (max_cpus > 255) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported number of maxcpus\n");
         exit(1);
     }
     if (max_cpus < smp_cpus) {
         fprintf(stderr, "maxcpus must be equal to or greater than smp\n");
         exit(1);
     }

 }

 static void configure_realtime(QemuOpts *opts)
 {
     bool enable_mlock;

     enable_mlock = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mlock", true);

     if (enable_mlock) {
         if (os_mlock() < 0) {
             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: locking memory failed\n");
             exit(1);
         }
     }
 }


 static void configure_msg(QemuOpts *opts)
 {
     enable_timestamp_msg = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "timestamp", true);
 }

 /***********************************************************/
 /* USB devices */

 static int usb_device_add(const char *devname)
 {
     USBDevice *dev = NULL;
 #ifndef CONFIG_LINUX
     const char *p;
 #endif

     if (!usb_enabled(false)) {
         return -1;
     }

     /* drivers with .usbdevice_name entry in USBDeviceInfo */
     dev = usbdevice_create(devname);
     if (dev)
         goto done;

     /* the other ones */
 #ifndef CONFIG_LINUX
     /* only the linux version is qdev-ified, usb-bsd still needs this */
     if (strstart(devname, "host:", &p)) {
         dev = usb_host_device_open(usb_bus_find(-1), p);
     }
 #endif
     if (!dev)
         return -1;

 done:
     return 0;
 }

 static int usb_device_del(const char *devname)
 {
     int bus_num, addr;
     const char *p;

     if (strstart(devname, "host:", &p)) {
         return -1;
     }

     if (!usb_enabled(false)) {
         return -1;
     }

     p = strchr(devname, '.');
     if (!p)
         return -1;
     bus_num = strtoul(devname, NULL, 0);
     addr = strtoul(p + 1, NULL, 0);

     return usb_device_delete_addr(bus_num, addr);
 }

 static int usb_parse(const char *cmdline)
 {
     int r;
     r = usb_device_add(cmdline);
     if (r < 0) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not add USB device '%s'\n", cmdline);
     }
     return r;
 }

 void do_usb_add(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
 {
     const char *devname = qdict_get_str(qdict, "devname");
     if (usb_device_add(devname) < 0) {
         error_report("could not add USB device '%s'", devname);
     }
 }

 void do_usb_del(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
 {
     const char *devname = qdict_get_str(qdict, "devname");
     if (usb_device_del(devname) < 0) {
         error_report("could not delete USB device '%s'", devname);
     }
 }

 /***********************************************************/
 /* PCMCIA/Cardbus */

 static struct pcmcia_socket_entry_s {
     PCMCIASocket *socket;
     struct pcmcia_socket_entry_s *next;
 } *pcmcia_sockets = 0;

 void pcmcia_socket_register(PCMCIASocket *socket)
 {
     struct pcmcia_socket_entry_s *entry;

     entry = g_malloc(sizeof(struct pcmcia_socket_entry_s));
     entry->socket = socket;
     entry->next = pcmcia_sockets;
     pcmcia_sockets = entry;
 }

 void pcmcia_socket_unregister(PCMCIASocket *socket)
 {
     struct pcmcia_socket_entry_s *entry, **ptr;

     ptr = &pcmcia_sockets;
     for (entry = *ptr; entry; ptr = &entry->next, entry = *ptr)
         if (entry->socket == socket) {
             *ptr = entry->next;
             g_free(entry);
         }
 }

 void pcmcia_info(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
 {
     struct pcmcia_socket_entry_s *iter;

     if (!pcmcia_sockets)
         monitor_printf(mon, "No PCMCIA sockets\n");

     for (iter = pcmcia_sockets; iter; iter = iter->next)
         monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %s\n", iter->socket->slot_string,
                        iter->socket->attached ? iter->socket->card_string :
                        "Empty");
 }

 /***********************************************************/
 /* machine registration */

 static QEMUMachine *first_machine = NULL;
 QEMUMachine *current_machine = NULL;

 int qemu_register_machine(QEMUMachine *m)
 {
     QEMUMachine **pm;
     pm = &first_machine;
     while (*pm != NULL)
         pm = &(*pm)->next;
     m->next = NULL;
     *pm = m;
     return 0;
 }

 static QEMUMachine *find_machine(const char *name)
 {
     QEMUMachine *m;

     for(m = first_machine; m != NULL; m = m->next) {
         if (!strcmp(m->name, name))
             return m;
         if (m->alias && !strcmp(m->alias, name))
             return m;
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 QEMUMachine *find_default_machine(void)
 {
     QEMUMachine *m;

     for(m = first_machine; m != NULL; m = m->next) {
         if (m->is_default) {
             return m;
         }
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 MachineInfoList *qmp_query_machines(Error **errp)
 {
     MachineInfoList *mach_list = NULL;
     QEMUMachine *m;

     for (m = first_machine; m; m = m->next) {
         MachineInfoList *entry;
         MachineInfo *info;

         info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
         if (m->is_default) {
             info->has_is_default = true;
             info->is_default = true;
         }

         if (m->alias) {
             info->has_alias = true;
             info->alias = g_strdup(m->alias);
         }

         info->name = g_strdup(m->name);
         info->cpu_max = !m->max_cpus ? 1 : m->max_cpus;

         entry = g_malloc0(sizeof(*entry));
         entry->value = info;
         entry->next = mach_list;
         mach_list = entry;
     }

     return mach_list;
 }

 /***********************************************************/
 /* main execution loop */

 struct vm_change_state_entry {
     VMChangeStateHandler *cb;
     void *opaque;
     QLIST_ENTRY (vm_change_state_entry) entries;
 };

 static QLIST_HEAD(vm_change_state_head, vm_change_state_entry) vm_change_state_head;

 VMChangeStateEntry *qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(VMChangeStateHandler *cb,
                                                      void *opaque)
 {
     VMChangeStateEntry *e;

     e = g_malloc0(sizeof (*e));

     e->cb = cb;
     e->opaque = opaque;
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vm_change_state_head, e, entries);
     return e;
 }

 void qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(VMChangeStateEntry *e)
 {
     QLIST_REMOVE (e, entries);
     g_free (e);
 }

 void vm_state_notify(int running, RunState state)
 {
     VMChangeStateEntry *e;

     trace_vm_state_notify(running, state);

     for (e = vm_change_state_head.lh_first; e; e = e->entries.le_next) {
         e->cb(e->opaque, running, state);
     }
 }

 void vm_start(void)
 {
     if (!runstate_is_running()) {
         cpu_enable_ticks();
         runstate_set(RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
         vm_state_notify(1, RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
         resume_all_vcpus();
         monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_RESUME, NULL);
     }
 }

 /* reset/shutdown handler */

 typedef struct QEMUResetEntry {
     QTAILQ_ENTRY(QEMUResetEntry) entry;
     QEMUResetHandler *func;
     void *opaque;
 } QEMUResetEntry;

 static QTAILQ_HEAD(reset_handlers, QEMUResetEntry) reset_handlers =
     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(reset_handlers);
 static int reset_requested;
 static int shutdown_requested, shutdown_signal = -1;
 static pid_t shutdown_pid;
 static int powerdown_requested;
 static int debug_requested;
 static int suspend_requested;
 static WakeupReason wakeup_reason;
 static NotifierList powerdown_notifiers =
     NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(powerdown_notifiers);
 static NotifierList suspend_notifiers =
     NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(suspend_notifiers);
 static NotifierList wakeup_notifiers =
     NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(wakeup_notifiers);
 static uint32_t wakeup_reason_mask = ~(1 << QEMU_WAKEUP_REASON_NONE);
 static RunState vmstop_requested = RUN_STATE_MAX;

 int qemu_shutdown_requested_get(void)
 {
     return shutdown_requested;
 }

 int qemu_reset_requested_get(void)
 {
     return reset_requested;
 }

 static int qemu_shutdown_requested(void)
 {
     int r = shutdown_requested;
     shutdown_requested = 0;
     return r;
 }

 static void qemu_kill_report(void)
 {
     if (!qtest_enabled() && shutdown_signal != -1) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: terminating on signal %d", shutdown_signal);
         if (shutdown_pid == 0) {
             /* This happens for eg ^C at the terminal, so it's worth
              * avoiding printing an odd message in that case.
              */
             fputc('\n', stderr);
         } else {
             fprintf(stderr, " from pid " FMT_pid "\n", shutdown_pid);
         }
         shutdown_signal = -1;
     }
 }

 static int qemu_reset_requested(void)
 {
     int r = reset_requested;
     reset_requested = 0;
     return r;
 }

 static int qemu_suspend_requested(void)
 {
     int r = suspend_requested;
     suspend_requested = 0;
     return r;
 }

 static WakeupReason qemu_wakeup_requested(void)
 {
     return wakeup_reason;
 }

 static int qemu_powerdown_requested(void)
 {
     int r = powerdown_requested;
     powerdown_requested = 0;
     return r;
 }

 static int qemu_debug_requested(void)
 {
     int r = debug_requested;
     debug_requested = 0;
     return r;
 }

 /* We use RUN_STATE_MAX but any invalid value will do */
 static bool qemu_vmstop_requested(RunState *r)
 {
     if (vmstop_requested < RUN_STATE_MAX) {
         *r = vmstop_requested;
         vmstop_requested = RUN_STATE_MAX;
         return true;
     }

     return false;
 }

 void qemu_register_reset(QEMUResetHandler *func, void *opaque)
 {
     QEMUResetEntry *re = g_malloc0(sizeof(QEMUResetEntry));

     re->func = func;
     re->opaque = opaque;
     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&reset_handlers, re, entry);
 }

 void qemu_unregister_reset(QEMUResetHandler *func, void *opaque)
 {
     QEMUResetEntry *re;

     QTAILQ_FOREACH(re, &reset_handlers, entry) {
         if (re->func == func && re->opaque == opaque) {
             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&reset_handlers, re, entry);
             g_free(re);
             return;
         }
     }
 }

 void qemu_devices_reset(void)
 {
     QEMUResetEntry *re, *nre;

     /* reset all devices */
     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(re, &reset_handlers, entry, nre) {
         re->func(re->opaque);
     }
 }

 void qemu_system_reset(bool report)
 {
     if (current_machine && current_machine->reset) {
         current_machine->reset();
     } else {
         qemu_devices_reset();
     }
     if (report) {
         monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_RESET, NULL);
     }
     cpu_synchronize_all_post_reset();
 }

 void qemu_system_reset_request(void)
 {
     if (no_reboot) {
         shutdown_requested = 1;
     } else {
         reset_requested = 1;
     }
     cpu_stop_current();
     qemu_notify_event();
 }

 static void qemu_system_suspend(void)
 {
     pause_all_vcpus();
     notifier_list_notify(&suspend_notifiers, NULL);
     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED);
     monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_SUSPEND, NULL);
 }

 void qemu_system_suspend_request(void)
 {
     if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED)) {
         return;
     }
     suspend_requested = 1;
     cpu_stop_current();
     qemu_notify_event();
 }

 void qemu_register_suspend_notifier(Notifier *notifier)
 {
     notifier_list_add(&suspend_notifiers, notifier);
 }

 void qemu_system_wakeup_request(WakeupReason reason)
 {
     if (!runstate_check(RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED)) {
         return;
     }
     if (!(wakeup_reason_mask & (1 << reason))) {
         return;
     }
     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
     wakeup_reason = reason;
     qemu_notify_event();
 }

 void qemu_system_wakeup_enable(WakeupReason reason, bool enabled)
 {
     if (enabled) {
         wakeup_reason_mask |= (1 << reason);
     } else {
         wakeup_reason_mask &= ~(1 << reason);
     }
 }

 void qemu_register_wakeup_notifier(Notifier *notifier)
 {
     notifier_list_add(&wakeup_notifiers, notifier);
 }

 void qemu_system_killed(int signal, pid_t pid)
 {
     shutdown_signal = signal;
     shutdown_pid = pid;
     no_shutdown = 0;
     qemu_system_shutdown_request();
 }

 void qemu_system_shutdown_request(void)
 {
     shutdown_requested = 1;
     qemu_notify_event();
 }

 static void qemu_system_powerdown(void)
 {
     monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_POWERDOWN, NULL);
     notifier_list_notify(&powerdown_notifiers, NULL);
 }

 void qemu_system_powerdown_request(void)
 {
     powerdown_requested = 1;
     qemu_notify_event();
 }

 void qemu_register_powerdown_notifier(Notifier *notifier)
 {
     notifier_list_add(&powerdown_notifiers, notifier);
 }

 void qemu_system_debug_request(void)
 {
     debug_requested = 1;
     qemu_notify_event();
 }

 void qemu_system_vmstop_request(RunState state)
 {
     vmstop_requested = state;
     qemu_notify_event();
 }

 static bool main_loop_should_exit(void)
 {
     RunState r;
     if (qemu_debug_requested()) {
         vm_stop(RUN_STATE_DEBUG);
     }
     if (qemu_suspend_requested()) {
         qemu_system_suspend();
     }
     if (qemu_shutdown_requested()) {
         qemu_kill_report();
         monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_SHUTDOWN, NULL);
         if (no_shutdown) {
             vm_stop(RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN);
         } else {
             return true;
         }
     }
     if (qemu_reset_requested()) {
         pause_all_vcpus();
         cpu_synchronize_all_states();
         qemu_system_reset(VMRESET_REPORT);
         resume_all_vcpus();
         if (runstate_needs_reset()) {
             runstate_set(RUN_STATE_PAUSED);
         }
     }
     if (qemu_wakeup_requested()) {
         pause_all_vcpus();
         cpu_synchronize_all_states();
         qemu_system_reset(VMRESET_SILENT);
         notifier_list_notify(&wakeup_notifiers, &wakeup_reason);
         wakeup_reason = QEMU_WAKEUP_REASON_NONE;
         resume_all_vcpus();
         monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_WAKEUP, NULL);
     }
     if (qemu_powerdown_requested()) {
         qemu_system_powerdown();
     }
     if (qemu_vmstop_requested(&r)) {
         vm_stop(r);
     }
     return false;
 }

 static void main_loop(void)
 {
     bool nonblocking;
     int last_io = 0;
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROFILER
     int64_t ti;
 #endif
     do {
         nonblocking = !kvm_enabled() && !xen_enabled() && last_io > 0;
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROFILER
         ti = profile_getclock();
 #endif
         last_io = main_loop_wait(nonblocking);
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROFILER
         dev_time += profile_getclock() - ti;
 #endif
     } while (!main_loop_should_exit());
 }

 static void version(void)
 {
     printf("QEMU emulator version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION ", Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n");
 }

 static void help(int exitcode)
 {
     version();
     printf("usage: %s [options] [disk_image]\n\n"
            "'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0\n\n",
             error_get_progname());

 #define QEMU_OPTIONS_GENERATE_HELP
 #include "qemu-options-wrapper.h"

     printf("\nDuring emulation, the following keys are useful:\n"
            "ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen\n"
            "ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'\n"
            "ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab\n"
            "\n"
            "When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.\n");

     exit(exitcode);
 }

 #define HAS_ARG 0x0001

 typedef struct QEMUOption {
     const char *name;
     int flags;
     int index;
     uint32_t arch_mask;
 } QEMUOption;

 static const QEMUOption qemu_options[] = {
     { "h", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, QEMU_ARCH_ALL },
 #define QEMU_OPTIONS_GENERATE_OPTIONS
 #include "qemu-options-wrapper.h"
     { NULL },
 };

 static bool vga_available(void)
 {
     return object_class_by_name("VGA") || object_class_by_name("isa-vga");
 }

 static bool cirrus_vga_available(void)
 {
     return object_class_by_name("cirrus-vga")
            || object_class_by_name("isa-cirrus-vga");
 }

 static bool vmware_vga_available(void)
 {
     return object_class_by_name("vmware-svga");
 }

 static bool qxl_vga_available(void)
 {
     return object_class_by_name("qxl-vga");
 }

 static void select_vgahw (const char *p)
 {
     const char *opts;

     vga_interface_type = VGA_NONE;
     if (strstart(p, "std", &opts)) {
         if (vga_available()) {
             vga_interface_type = VGA_STD;
         } else {
             fprintf(stderr, "Error: standard VGA not available\n");
             exit(0);
         }
     } else if (strstart(p, "cirrus", &opts)) {
         if (cirrus_vga_available()) {
             vga_interface_type = VGA_CIRRUS;
         } else {
             fprintf(stderr, "Error: Cirrus VGA not available\n");
             exit(0);
         }
     } else if (strstart(p, "vmware", &opts)) {
         if (vmware_vga_available()) {
             vga_interface_type = VGA_VMWARE;
         } else {
             fprintf(stderr, "Error: VMWare SVGA not available\n");
             exit(0);
         }
     } else if (strstart(p, "xenfb", &opts)) {
         vga_interface_type = VGA_XENFB;
     } else if (strstart(p, "qxl", &opts)) {
         if (qxl_vga_available()) {
             vga_interface_type = VGA_QXL;
         } else {
             fprintf(stderr, "Error: QXL VGA not available\n");
             exit(0);
         }
     } else if (!strstart(p, "none", &opts)) {
     invalid_vga:
         fprintf(stderr, "Unknown vga type: %s\n", p);
         exit(1);
     }
     while (*opts) {
         const char *nextopt;

         if (strstart(opts, ",retrace=", &nextopt)) {
             opts = nextopt;
             if (strstart(opts, "dumb", &nextopt))
                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
             else if (strstart(opts, "precise", &nextopt))
                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_PRECISE;
             else goto invalid_vga;
         } else goto invalid_vga;
         opts = nextopt;
     }
 }

 static DisplayType select_display(const char *p)
 {
     const char *opts;
     DisplayType display = DT_DEFAULT;

     if (strstart(p, "sdl", &opts)) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_SDL
         display = DT_SDL;
         while (*opts) {
             const char *nextopt;

             if (strstart(opts, ",frame=", &nextopt)) {
                 opts = nextopt;
                 if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
                     no_frame = 0;
                 } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
                     no_frame = 1;
                 } else {
                     goto invalid_sdl_args;
                 }
             } else if (strstart(opts, ",alt_grab=", &nextopt)) {
                 opts = nextopt;
                 if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
                     alt_grab = 1;
                 } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
                     alt_grab = 0;
                 } else {
                     goto invalid_sdl_args;
                 }
             } else if (strstart(opts, ",ctrl_grab=", &nextopt)) {
                 opts = nextopt;
                 if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
                     ctrl_grab = 1;
                 } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
                     ctrl_grab = 0;
                 } else {
                     goto invalid_sdl_args;
                 }
             } else if (strstart(opts, ",window_close=", &nextopt)) {
                 opts = nextopt;
                 if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
                     no_quit = 0;
                 } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
                     no_quit = 1;
                 } else {
                     goto invalid_sdl_args;
                 }
             } else {
             invalid_sdl_args:
                 fprintf(stderr, "Invalid SDL option string: %s\n", p);
                 exit(1);
             }
             opts = nextopt;
         }
 #else
         fprintf(stderr, "SDL support is disabled\n");
         exit(1);
 #endif
     } else if (strstart(p, "vnc", &opts)) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
         display_remote++;

         if (*opts) {
             const char *nextopt;

             if (strstart(opts, "=", &nextopt)) {
                 vnc_display = nextopt;
             }
         }
         if (!vnc_display) {
             fprintf(stderr, "VNC requires a display argument vnc=<display>\n");
             exit(1);
         }
 #else
         fprintf(stderr, "VNC support is disabled\n");
         exit(1);
 #endif
     } else if (strstart(p, "curses", &opts)) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
         display = DT_CURSES;
 #else
         fprintf(stderr, "Curses support is disabled\n");
         exit(1);
 #endif
     } else if (strstart(p, "gtk", &opts)) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_GTK
         display = DT_GTK;
 #else
         fprintf(stderr, "GTK support is disabled\n");
         exit(1);
 #endif
     } else if (strstart(p, "none", &opts)) {
         display = DT_NONE;
     } else {
         fprintf(stderr, "Unknown display type: %s\n", p);
         exit(1);
     }

     return display;
 }

 static int balloon_parse(const char *arg)
 {
     QemuOpts *opts;

     if (strcmp(arg, "none") == 0) {
         return 0;
     }

     if (!strncmp(arg, "virtio", 6)) {
         if (arg[6] == ',') {
             /* have params -> parse them */
             opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("device"), arg+7, 0);
             if (!opts)
                 return  -1;
         } else {
             /* create empty opts */
             opts = qemu_opts_create_nofail(qemu_find_opts("device"));
         }
         qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "virtio-balloon");
         return 0;
     }

     return -1;
 }

 char *qemu_find_file(int type, const char *name)
 {
     int i;
     const char *subdir;
     char *buf;

     /* Try the name as a straight path first */
     if (access(name, R_OK) == 0) {
         trace_load_file(name, name);
         return g_strdup(name);
     }

     switch (type) {
     case QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS:
         subdir = "";
         break;
     case QEMU_FILE_TYPE_KEYMAP:
         subdir = "keymaps/";
         break;
     default:
         abort();
     }

     for (i = 0; i < data_dir_idx; i++) {
         buf = g_strdup_printf("%s/%s%s", data_dir[i], subdir, name);
         if (access(buf, R_OK) == 0) {
             trace_load_file(name, buf);
             return buf;
         }
         g_free(buf);
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 static int device_help_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 {
     return qdev_device_help(opts);
 }

 static int device_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 {
     DeviceState *dev;

     dev = qdev_device_add(opts);
     if (!dev)
         return -1;
     object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
     return 0;
 }

 static int chardev_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 {
     Error *local_err = NULL;

     qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &local_err);
     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
         error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(local_err));
         error_free(local_err);
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }

 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
 static int fsdev_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 {
     int ret;
     ret = qemu_fsdev_add(opts);

     return ret;
 }
 #endif

 static int mon_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 {
     CharDriverState *chr;
     const char *chardev;
     const char *mode;
     int flags;

     mode = qemu_opt_get(opts, "mode");
     if (mode == NULL) {
         mode = "readline";
     }
     if (strcmp(mode, "readline") == 0) {
         flags = MONITOR_USE_READLINE;
     } else if (strcmp(mode, "control") == 0) {
         flags = MONITOR_USE_CONTROL;
     } else {
         fprintf(stderr, "unknown monitor mode \"%s\"\n", mode);
         exit(1);
     }

     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "pretty", 0))
         flags |= MONITOR_USE_PRETTY;

     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "default", 0))
         flags |= MONITOR_IS_DEFAULT;

     chardev = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chardev");
     chr = qemu_chr_find(chardev);
     if (chr == NULL) {
         fprintf(stderr, "chardev \"%s\" not found\n", chardev);
         exit(1);
     }

     qemu_chr_fe_claim_no_fail(chr);
     monitor_init(chr, flags);
     return 0;
 }

 static void monitor_parse(const char *optarg, const char *mode)
 {
     static int monitor_device_index = 0;
     QemuOpts *opts;
     const char *p;
     char label[32];
     int def = 0;

     if (strstart(optarg, "chardev:", &p)) {
         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "%s", p);
     } else {
         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "compat_monitor%d",
                  monitor_device_index);
         if (monitor_device_index == 0) {
             def = 1;
         }
         opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, optarg);
         if (!opts) {
             fprintf(stderr, "parse error: %s\n", optarg);
             exit(1);
         }
     }

     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("mon"), label, 1, NULL);
     if (!opts) {
         fprintf(stderr, "duplicate chardev: %s\n", label);
         exit(1);
     }
     qemu_opt_set(opts, "mode", mode);
     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", label);
     if (def)
         qemu_opt_set(opts, "default", "on");
     monitor_device_index++;
 }

 struct device_config {
     enum {
         DEV_USB,       /* -usbdevice     */
         DEV_BT,        /* -bt            */
         DEV_SERIAL,    /* -serial        */
         DEV_PARALLEL,  /* -parallel      */
         DEV_VIRTCON,   /* -virtioconsole */
         DEV_DEBUGCON,  /* -debugcon */
         DEV_GDB,       /* -gdb, -s */
         DEV_SCLP,      /* s390 sclp */
     } type;
     const char *cmdline;
     Location loc;
     QTAILQ_ENTRY(device_config) next;
 };

 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, device_config) device_configs =
     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_configs);

 static void add_device_config(int type, const char *cmdline)
 {
     struct device_config *conf;

     conf = g_malloc0(sizeof(*conf));
     conf->type = type;
     conf->cmdline = cmdline;
     loc_save(&conf->loc);
     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_configs, conf, next);
 }

 static int foreach_device_config(int type, int (*func)(const char *cmdline))
 {
     struct device_config *conf;
     int rc;

     QTAILQ_FOREACH(conf, &device_configs, next) {
         if (conf->type != type)
             continue;
         loc_push_restore(&conf->loc);
         rc = func(conf->cmdline);
         loc_pop(&conf->loc);
         if (0 != rc)
             return rc;
     }
     return 0;
 }

 static int serial_parse(const char *devname)
 {
     static int index = 0;
     char label[32];

     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
         return 0;
     if (index == MAX_SERIAL_PORTS) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: too many serial ports\n");
         exit(1);
     }
     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "serial%d", index);
     serial_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new(label, devname, NULL);
     if (!serial_hds[index]) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not connect serial device"
                 " to character backend '%s'\n", devname);
         return -1;
     }
     index++;
     return 0;
 }

 static int parallel_parse(const char *devname)
 {
     static int index = 0;
     char label[32];

     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
         return 0;
     if (index == MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: too many parallel ports\n");
         exit(1);
     }
     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "parallel%d", index);
     parallel_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new(label, devname, NULL);
     if (!parallel_hds[index]) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not connect parallel device"
                 " to character backend '%s'\n", devname);
         return -1;
     }
     index++;
     return 0;
 }

 static int virtcon_parse(const char *devname)
 {
     QemuOptsList *device = qemu_find_opts("device");
     static int index = 0;
     char label[32];
     QemuOpts *bus_opts, *dev_opts;

     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
         return 0;
     if (index == MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: too many virtio consoles\n");
         exit(1);
     }

     bus_opts = qemu_opts_create_nofail(device);
     if (arch_type == QEMU_ARCH_S390X) {
         qemu_opt_set(bus_opts, "driver", "virtio-serial-s390");
     } else {
         qemu_opt_set(bus_opts, "driver", "virtio-serial-pci");
     }

     dev_opts = qemu_opts_create_nofail(device);
     qemu_opt_set(dev_opts, "driver", "virtconsole");

     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "virtcon%d", index);
     virtcon_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new(label, devname, NULL);
     if (!virtcon_hds[index]) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not connect virtio console"
                 " to character backend '%s'\n", devname);
         return -1;
     }
     qemu_opt_set(dev_opts, "chardev", label);

     index++;
     return 0;
 }

 static int sclp_parse(const char *devname)
 {
     QemuOptsList *device = qemu_find_opts("device");
     static int index = 0;
     char label[32];
     QemuOpts *dev_opts;

     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0) {
         return 0;
     }
     if (index == MAX_SCLP_CONSOLES) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: too many sclp consoles\n");
         exit(1);
     }

     assert(arch_type == QEMU_ARCH_S390X);

     dev_opts = qemu_opts_create(device, NULL, 0, NULL);
     qemu_opt_set(dev_opts, "driver", "sclpconsole");

     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "sclpcon%d", index);
     sclp_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new(label, devname, NULL);
     if (!sclp_hds[index]) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not connect sclp console"
                 " to character backend '%s'\n", devname);
         return -1;
     }
     qemu_opt_set(dev_opts, "chardev", label);

     index++;
     return 0;
 }

 static int debugcon_parse(const char *devname)
 {
     QemuOpts *opts;

     if (!qemu_chr_new("debugcon", devname, NULL)) {
         exit(1);
     }
     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
     if (!opts) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: already have a debugcon device\n");
         exit(1);
     }
     qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "isa-debugcon");
     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", "debugcon");
     return 0;
 }

 static QEMUMachine *machine_parse(const char *name)
 {
     QEMUMachine *m, *machine = NULL;

     if (name) {
         machine = find_machine(name);
     }
     if (machine) {
         return machine;
     }
     printf("Supported machines are:\n");
     for (m = first_machine; m != NULL; m = m->next) {
         if (m->alias) {
             printf("%-20s %s (alias of %s)\n", m->alias, m->desc, m->name);
         }
         printf("%-20s %s%s\n", m->name, m->desc,
                m->is_default ? " (default)" : "");
     }
     exit(!name || !is_help_option(name));
 }

 static int tcg_init(void)
 {
     tcg_exec_init(tcg_tb_size * 1024 * 1024);
     return 0;
 }

 static struct {
     const char *opt_name;
     const char *name;
     int (*available)(void);
     int (*init)(void);
     bool *allowed;
 } accel_list[] = {
     { "tcg", "tcg", tcg_available, tcg_init, &tcg_allowed },
     { "xen", "Xen", xen_available, xen_init, &xen_allowed },
     { "kvm", "KVM", kvm_available, kvm_init, &kvm_allowed },
     { "qtest", "QTest", qtest_available, qtest_init, &qtest_allowed },
 };

 static int configure_accelerator(void)
 {
     const char *p;
     char buf[10];
     int i, ret;
     bool accel_initialised = false;
     bool init_failed = false;

     p = qemu_opt_get(qemu_get_machine_opts(), "accel");
     if (p == NULL) {
         /* Use the default "accelerator", tcg */
         p = "tcg";
     }

     while (!accel_initialised && *p != '\0') {
         if (*p == ':') {
             p++;
         }
         p = get_opt_name(buf, sizeof (buf), p, ':');
         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(accel_list); i++) {
             if (strcmp(accel_list[i].opt_name, buf) == 0) {
                 if (!accel_list[i].available()) {
                     printf("%s not supported for this target\n",
                            accel_list[i].name);
                     continue;
                 }
                 *(accel_list[i].allowed) = true;
                 ret = accel_list[i].init();
                 if (ret < 0) {
                     init_failed = true;
                     fprintf(stderr, "failed to initialize %s: %s\n",
                             accel_list[i].name,
                             strerror(-ret));
                     *(accel_list[i].allowed) = false;
                 } else {
                     accel_initialised = true;
                 }
                 break;
             }
         }
         if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(accel_list)) {
             fprintf(stderr, "\"%s\" accelerator does not exist.\n", buf);
         }
     }

     if (!accel_initialised) {
         if (!init_failed) {
             fprintf(stderr, "No accelerator found!\n");
         }
         exit(1);
     }

     if (init_failed) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Back to %s accelerator.\n", accel_list[i].name);
     }

     return !accel_initialised;
 }

 void qemu_add_exit_notifier(Notifier *notify)
 {
     notifier_list_add(&exit_notifiers, notify);
 }

 void qemu_remove_exit_notifier(Notifier *notify)
 {
     notifier_remove(notify);
 }

 static void qemu_run_exit_notifiers(void)
 {
     notifier_list_notify(&exit_notifiers, NULL);
 }

 void qemu_add_machine_init_done_notifier(Notifier *notify)
 {
     notifier_list_add(&machine_init_done_notifiers, notify);
 }

 static void qemu_run_machine_init_done_notifiers(void)
 {
     notifier_list_notify(&machine_init_done_notifiers, NULL);
 }

 static const QEMUOption *lookup_opt(int argc, char **argv,
                                     const char **poptarg, int *poptind)
 {
     const QEMUOption *popt;
     int optind = *poptind;
     char *r = argv[optind];
     const char *optarg;

     loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
     optind++;
     /* Treat --foo the same as -foo.  */
     if (r[1] == '-')
         r++;
     popt = qemu_options;
     for(;;) {
         if (!popt->name) {
             error_report("invalid option");
             exit(1);
         }
         if (!strcmp(popt->name, r + 1))
             break;
         popt++;
     }
     if (popt->flags & HAS_ARG) {
         if (optind >= argc) {
             error_report("requires an argument");
             exit(1);
         }
         optarg = argv[optind++];
         loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind - 2, 2);
     } else {
         optarg = NULL;
     }

     *poptarg = optarg;
     *poptind = optind;

     return popt;
 }

 static gpointer malloc_and_trace(gsize n_bytes)
 {
     void *ptr = malloc(n_bytes);
     trace_g_malloc(n_bytes, ptr);
     return ptr;
 }

 static gpointer realloc_and_trace(gpointer mem, gsize n_bytes)
 {
     void *ptr = realloc(mem, n_bytes);
     trace_g_realloc(mem, n_bytes, ptr);
     return ptr;
 }

 static void free_and_trace(gpointer mem)
 {
     trace_g_free(mem);
     free(mem);
 }

 static int object_set_property(const char *name, const char *value, void *opaque)
 {
     Object *obj = OBJECT(opaque);
     StringInputVisitor *siv;
     Error *local_err = NULL;

     if (strcmp(name, "qom-type") == 0 || strcmp(name, "id") == 0) {
         return 0;
     }

     siv = string_input_visitor_new(value);
     object_property_set(obj, string_input_get_visitor(siv), name, &local_err);
     string_input_visitor_cleanup(siv);

     if (local_err) {
         qerror_report_err(local_err);
         error_free(local_err);
         return -1;
     }

     return 0;
 }

 static int object_create(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 {
     const char *type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "qom-type");
     const char *id = qemu_opts_id(opts);
     Object *obj;

     g_assert(type != NULL);

     if (id == NULL) {
         qerror_report(QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "id");
         return -1;
     }

     obj = object_new(type);
     if (qemu_opt_foreach(opts, object_set_property, obj, 1) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }

     object_property_add_child(container_get(object_get_root(), "/objects"),
                               id, obj, NULL);

     return 0;
 }

 int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
 {
     int i;
     int snapshot, linux_boot;
     const char *icount_option = NULL;
     const char *initrd_filename;
     const char *kernel_filename, *kernel_cmdline;
     const char *boot_order;
     DisplayState *ds;
     int cyls, heads, secs, translation;
     QemuOpts *hda_opts = NULL, *opts, *machine_opts;
     QemuOptsList *olist;
     int optind;
     const char *optarg;
     const char *loadvm = NULL;
     QEMUMachine *machine;
     const char *cpu_model;
     const char *vga_model = "none";
     const char *pid_file = NULL;
     const char *incoming = NULL;
 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
     int show_vnc_port = 0;
 #endif
     bool defconfig = true;
     bool userconfig = true;
     const char *log_mask = NULL;
     const char *log_file = NULL;
     GMemVTable mem_trace = {
         .malloc = malloc_and_trace,
         .realloc = realloc_and_trace,
         .free = free_and_trace,
     };
     const char *trace_events = NULL;
     const char *trace_file = NULL;

     atexit(qemu_run_exit_notifiers);
     error_set_progname(argv[0]);

     g_mem_set_vtable(&mem_trace);
     if (!g_thread_supported()) {
 #if !GLIB_CHECK_VERSION(2, 31, 0)
         g_thread_init(NULL);
 #else
         fprintf(stderr, "glib threading failed to initialize.\n");
         exit(1);
 #endif
     }

     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);

     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_chardev_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_device_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_netdev_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_net_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_rtc_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_global_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mon_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_option_rom_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_machine_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_smp_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_boot_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_sandbox_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_add_fd_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_tpmdev_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_realtime_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_msg_opts);

     runstate_init();

     init_clocks();
     rtc_clock = QEMU_CLOCK_HOST;

     qemu_cache_utils_init(envp);

     QLIST_INIT (&vm_change_state_head);
     os_setup_early_signal_handling();

     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_MACHINE);
     machine = find_default_machine();
     cpu_model = NULL;
     ram_size = 0;
     snapshot = 0;
     cyls = heads = secs = 0;
     translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO;

     for (i = 0; i < MAX_NODES; i++) {
         node_mem[i] = 0;
         node_cpumask[i] = bitmap_new(MAX_CPUMASK_BITS);
     }

     nb_numa_nodes = 0;
     nb_nics = 0;

     bdrv_init_with_whitelist();

     autostart= 1;

     /* first pass of option parsing */
     optind = 1;
     while (optind < argc) {
         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
             /* disk image */
             optind++;
             continue;
         } else {
             const QEMUOption *popt;

             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
             switch (popt->index) {
             case QEMU_OPTION_nodefconfig:
                 defconfig = false;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
                 userconfig = false;
                 break;
             }
         }
     }

     if (defconfig) {
         int ret;
         ret = qemu_read_default_config_files(userconfig);
         if (ret < 0) {
             exit(1);
         }
     }

     /* second pass of option parsing */
     optind = 1;
     for(;;) {
         if (optind >= argc)
             break;
         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
 	    hda_opts = drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, argv[optind++], HD_OPTS);
         } else {
             const QEMUOption *popt;

             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
             if (!(popt->arch_mask & arch_type)) {
                 printf("Option %s not supported for this target\n", popt->name);
                 exit(1);
             }
             switch(popt->index) {
             case QEMU_OPTION_M:
                 machine = machine_parse(optarg);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_irqchip: {
                 olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
                 qemu_opts_parse(olist, "kernel_irqchip=off", 0);
                 break;
             }
             case QEMU_OPTION_cpu:
                 /* hw initialization will check this */
                 cpu_model = optarg;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_hda:
                 {
                     char buf[256];
                     if (cyls == 0)
                         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s", HD_OPTS);
                     else
                         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                                  "%s,cyls=%d,heads=%d,secs=%d%s",
                                  HD_OPTS , cyls, heads, secs,
                                  translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_LBA ?
                                  ",trans=lba" :
                                  translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_NONE ?
                                  ",trans=none" : "");
                     drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, optarg, buf);
                     break;
                 }
             case QEMU_OPTION_hdb:
             case QEMU_OPTION_hdc:
             case QEMU_OPTION_hdd:
                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_hda, optarg,
                           HD_OPTS);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_drive:
                 if (drive_def(optarg) == NULL) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
 	        break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_set:
                 if (qemu_set_option(optarg) != 0)
                     exit(1);
 	        break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_global:
                 if (qemu_global_option(optarg) != 0)
                     exit(1);
 	        break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock:
                 drive_add(IF_MTD, -1, optarg, MTD_OPTS);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_sd:
                 drive_add(IF_SD, -1, optarg, SD_OPTS);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_pflash:
                 drive_add(IF_PFLASH, -1, optarg, PFLASH_OPTS);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_snapshot:
                 snapshot = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_hdachs:
                 {
                     const char *p;
                     p = optarg;
                     cyls = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 0);
                     if (cyls < 1 || cyls > 16383)
                         goto chs_fail;
                     if (*p != ',')
                         goto chs_fail;
                     p++;
                     heads = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 0);
                     if (heads < 1 || heads > 16)
                         goto chs_fail;
                     if (*p != ',')
                         goto chs_fail;
                     p++;
                     secs = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 0);
                     if (secs < 1 || secs > 63)
                         goto chs_fail;
                     if (*p == ',') {
                         p++;
                         if (!strcmp(p, "none"))
                             translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_NONE;
                         else if (!strcmp(p, "lba"))
                             translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_LBA;
                         else if (!strcmp(p, "auto"))
                             translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO;
                         else
                             goto chs_fail;
                     } else if (*p != '\0') {
                     chs_fail:
                         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: invalid physical CHS format\n");
                         exit(1);
                     }
 		    if (hda_opts != NULL) {
                         char num[16];
                         snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", cyls);
                         qemu_opt_set(hda_opts, "cyls", num);
                         snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", heads);
                         qemu_opt_set(hda_opts, "heads", num);
                         snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", secs);
                         qemu_opt_set(hda_opts, "secs", num);
                         if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_LBA)
                             qemu_opt_set(hda_opts, "trans", "lba");
                         if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_NONE)
                             qemu_opt_set(hda_opts, "trans", "none");
                     }
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_numa:
                 numa_add(optarg);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_display:
                 display_type = select_display(optarg);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_nographic:
                 display_type = DT_NOGRAPHIC;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_curses:
 #ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
                 display_type = DT_CURSES;
 #else
                 fprintf(stderr, "Curses support is disabled\n");
                 exit(1);
 #endif
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_portrait:
                 graphic_rotate = 90;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_rotate:
                 graphic_rotate = strtol(optarg, (char **) &optarg, 10);
                 if (graphic_rotate != 0 && graphic_rotate != 90 &&
                     graphic_rotate != 180 && graphic_rotate != 270) {
                     fprintf(stderr,
                         "qemu: only 90, 180, 270 deg rotation is available\n");
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_kernel:
                 qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "kernel", optarg);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_initrd:
                 qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "initrd", optarg);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_append:
                 qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "append", optarg);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_dtb:
                 qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "dtb", optarg);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_cdrom:
                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 2, optarg, CDROM_OPTS);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_boot:
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), optarg, 1);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_fda:
             case QEMU_OPTION_fdb:
                 drive_add(IF_FLOPPY, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_fda,
                           optarg, FD_OPTS);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk:
                 fd_bootchk = 0;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_netdev:
                 if (net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), optarg) == -1) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_net:
                 if (net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("net"), optarg) == -1) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBISCSI
             case QEMU_OPTION_iscsi:
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("iscsi"), optarg, 0);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
             case QEMU_OPTION_tftp:
                 legacy_tftp_prefix = optarg;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_bootp:
                 legacy_bootp_filename = optarg;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_redir:
                 if (net_slirp_redir(optarg) < 0)
                     exit(1);
                 break;
 #endif
             case QEMU_OPTION_bt:
                 add_device_config(DEV_BT, optarg);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_audio_help:
                 AUD_help ();
                 exit (0);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_soundhw:
                 select_soundhw (optarg);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_h:
                 help(0);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_version:
                 version();
                 exit(0);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_m: {
                 int64_t value;
                 uint64_t sz;
                 char *end;

                 value = strtosz(optarg, &end);
                 if (value < 0 || *end) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "qemu: invalid ram size: %s\n", optarg);
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 sz = QEMU_ALIGN_UP((uint64_t)value, 8192);
                 ram_size = sz;
                 if (ram_size != sz) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "qemu: ram size too large\n");
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
             }
 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM
             case QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev:
                 if (tpm_config_parse(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), optarg) < 0) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
 #endif
             case QEMU_OPTION_mempath:
                 mem_path = optarg;
                 break;
 #ifdef MAP_POPULATE
             case QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc:
                 mem_prealloc = 1;
                 break;
 #endif
             case QEMU_OPTION_d:
                 log_mask = optarg;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_D:
                 log_file = optarg;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_s:
                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, "tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_gdb:
                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, optarg);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_L:
                 if (data_dir_idx < ARRAY_SIZE(data_dir)) {
                     data_dir[data_dir_idx++] = optarg;
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_bios:
                 bios_name = optarg;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_singlestep:
                 singlestep = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_S:
                 autostart = 0;
                 break;
 	    case QEMU_OPTION_k:
 		keyboard_layout = optarg;
 		break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_localtime:
                 rtc_utc = 0;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_vga:
                 vga_model = optarg;
                 default_vga = 0;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_g:
                 {
                     const char *p;
                     int w, h, depth;
                     p = optarg;
                     w = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
                     if (w <= 0) {
                     graphic_error:
                         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: invalid resolution or depth\n");
                         exit(1);
                     }
                     if (*p != 'x')
                         goto graphic_error;
                     p++;
                     h = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
                     if (h <= 0)
                         goto graphic_error;
                     if (*p == 'x') {
                         p++;
                         depth = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
                         if (depth != 8 && depth != 15 && depth != 16 &&
                             depth != 24 && depth != 32)
                             goto graphic_error;
                     } else if (*p == '\0') {
                         depth = graphic_depth;
                     } else {
                         goto graphic_error;
                     }

                     graphic_width = w;
                     graphic_height = h;
                     graphic_depth = depth;
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_echr:
                 {
                     char *r;
                     term_escape_char = strtol(optarg, &r, 0);
                     if (r == optarg)
                         printf("Bad argument to echr\n");
                     break;
                 }
             case QEMU_OPTION_monitor:
                 default_monitor = 0;
                 if (strncmp(optarg, "none", 4)) {
                     monitor_parse(optarg, "readline");
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp:
                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control");
                 default_monitor = 0;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_mon:
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("mon"), optarg, 1);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 default_monitor = 0;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_chardev:
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("chardev"), optarg, 1);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_fsdev:
                 olist = qemu_find_opts("fsdev");
                 if (!olist) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "fsdev is not supported by this qemu build.\n");
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(olist, optarg, 1);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs: {
                 QemuOpts *fsdev;
                 QemuOpts *device;
                 const char *writeout, *sock_fd, *socket;

                 olist = qemu_find_opts("virtfs");
                 if (!olist) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "virtfs is not supported by this qemu build.\n");
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(olist, optarg, 1);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }

                 if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver") == NULL ||
                     qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag") == NULL) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "Usage: -virtfs fsdriver,mount_tag=tag.\n");
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
                                          qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"),
                                          1, NULL);
                 if (!fsdev) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "duplicate fsdev id: %s\n",
                             qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
                     exit(1);
                 }

                 writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
                 if (writeout) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "writeout", writeout);
 #else
                     fprintf(stderr, "writeout=immediate not supported on "
                             "this platform\n");
                     exit(1);
 #endif
                 }
                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver", qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver"));
                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", qemu_opt_get(opts, "path"));
                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model",
                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "security_model"));
                 socket = qemu_opt_get(opts, "socket");
                 if (socket) {
                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "socket", socket);
                 }
                 sock_fd = qemu_opt_get(opts, "sock_fd");
                 if (sock_fd) {
                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "sock_fd", sock_fd);
                 }

                 qemu_opt_set_bool(fsdev, "readonly",
                                 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0));
                 device = qemu_opts_create_nofail(qemu_find_opts("device"));
                 qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci");
                 qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev",
                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
                 qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag",
                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
                 break;
             }
             case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs_synth: {
                 QemuOpts *fsdev;
                 QemuOpts *device;

                 fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"), "v_synth",
                                          1, NULL);
                 if (!fsdev) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "duplicate option: %s\n", "virtfs_synth");
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver", "synth");

                 device = qemu_opts_create_nofail(qemu_find_opts("device"));
                 qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci");
                 qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev", "v_synth");
                 qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag", "v_synth");
                 break;
             }
             case QEMU_OPTION_serial:
                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, optarg);
                 default_serial = 0;
                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
                     default_monitor = 0;
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog:
                 if (watchdog) {
                     fprintf(stderr,
                             "qemu: only one watchdog option may be given\n");
                     return 1;
                 }
                 watchdog = optarg;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action:
                 if (select_watchdog_action(optarg) == -1) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "Unknown -watchdog-action parameter\n");
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_virtiocon:
                 add_device_config(DEV_VIRTCON, optarg);
                 default_virtcon = 0;
                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
                     default_monitor = 0;
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_parallel:
                 add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, optarg);
                 default_parallel = 0;
                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
                     default_monitor = 0;
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_debugcon:
                 add_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, optarg);
                 break;
 	    case QEMU_OPTION_loadvm:
 		loadvm = optarg;
 		break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_full_screen:
                 full_screen = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_no_frame:
                 no_frame = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab:
                 alt_grab = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_ctrl_grab:
                 ctrl_grab = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_no_quit:
                 no_quit = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_sdl:
 #ifdef CONFIG_SDL
                 display_type = DT_SDL;
                 break;
 #else
                 fprintf(stderr, "SDL support is disabled\n");
                 exit(1);
 #endif
             case QEMU_OPTION_pidfile:
                 pid_file = optarg;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack:
                 win2k_install_hack = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_rtc_td_hack: {
                 static GlobalProperty slew_lost_ticks[] = {
                     {
                         .driver   = "mc146818rtc",
                         .property = "lost_tick_policy",
                         .value    = "slew",
                     },
                     { /* end of list */ }
                 };

                 qdev_prop_register_global_list(slew_lost_ticks);
                 break;
             }
             case QEMU_OPTION_acpitable:
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("acpi"), optarg, 1);
                 g_assert(opts != NULL);
                 do_acpitable_option(opts);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_smbios:
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("smbios"), optarg, 0);
                 do_smbios_option(opts);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm:
                 olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
                 qemu_opts_parse(olist, "accel=kvm", 0);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_machine:
                 olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(olist, optarg, 1);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 optarg = qemu_opt_get(opts, "type");
                 if (optarg) {
                     machine = machine_parse(optarg);
                 }
                 break;
              case QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm:
                 olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
                 qemu_opts_parse(olist, "accel=tcg", 0);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_pit: {
                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: KVM PIT can no longer be disabled "
                                 "separately.\n");
                 break;
             }
             case QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_pit_reinjection: {
                 static GlobalProperty kvm_pit_lost_tick_policy[] = {
                     {
                         .driver   = "kvm-pit",
                         .property = "lost_tick_policy",
                         .value    = "discard",
                     },
                     { /* end of list */ }
                 };

                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: option deprecated, use "
                         "lost_tick_policy property of kvm-pit instead.\n");
                 qdev_prop_register_global_list(kvm_pit_lost_tick_policy);
                 break;
             }
             case QEMU_OPTION_usb:
                 olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
                 qemu_opts_parse(olist, "usb=on", 0);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice:
                 olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
                 qemu_opts_parse(olist, "usb=on", 0);
                 add_device_config(DEV_USB, optarg);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_device:
                 if (!qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("device"), optarg, 1)) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_smp:
                 if (!qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"), optarg, 1)) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
 	    case QEMU_OPTION_vnc:
 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
                 display_remote++;
                 vnc_display = optarg;
 #else
                 fprintf(stderr, "VNC support is disabled\n");
                 exit(1);
 #endif
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi:
                 acpi_enabled = 0;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet:
                 no_hpet = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_balloon:
                 if (balloon_parse(optarg) < 0) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "Unknown -balloon argument %s\n", optarg);
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot:
                 no_reboot = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown:
                 no_shutdown = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_show_cursor:
                 cursor_hide = 0;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_uuid:
                 if(qemu_uuid_parse(optarg, qemu_uuid) < 0) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "Fail to parse UUID string."
                             " Wrong format.\n");
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 qemu_uuid_set = true;
                 break;
 	    case QEMU_OPTION_option_rom:
 		if (nb_option_roms >= MAX_OPTION_ROMS) {
 		    fprintf(stderr, "Too many option ROMs\n");
 		    exit(1);
 		}
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("option-rom"), optarg, 1);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "romfile");
                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].bootindex =
                     qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bootindex", -1);
                 if (!option_rom[nb_option_roms].name) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "Option ROM file is not specified\n");
                     exit(1);
                 }
 		nb_option_roms++;
 		break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting:
                 semihosting_enabled = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_tdf:
                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: user space PIT time drift fix "
                                 "is no longer supported.\n");
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_name:
                 qemu_name = g_strdup(optarg);
 		 {
 		     char *p = strchr(qemu_name, ',');
 		     if (p != NULL) {
 		        *p++ = 0;
 			if (strncmp(p, "process=", 8)) {
 			    fprintf(stderr, "Unknown subargument %s to -name\n", p);
 			    exit(1);
 			}
 			p += 8;
 			os_set_proc_name(p);
 		     }
 		 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_prom_env:
                 if (nb_prom_envs >= MAX_PROM_ENVS) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "Too many prom variables\n");
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 prom_envs[nb_prom_envs] = optarg;
                 nb_prom_envs++;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_old_param:
                 old_param = 1;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_clock:
                 /* Clock options no longer exist.  Keep this option for
                  * backward compatibility.
                  */
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_startdate:
                 configure_rtc_date_offset(optarg, 1);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_rtc:
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("rtc"), optarg, 0);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 configure_rtc(opts);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_tb_size:
                 tcg_tb_size = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
                 if (tcg_tb_size < 0) {
                     tcg_tb_size = 0;
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_icount:
                 icount_option = optarg;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_incoming:
                 incoming = optarg;
                 runstate_set(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults:
                 default_serial = 0;
                 default_parallel = 0;
                 default_virtcon = 0;
                 default_sclp = 0;
                 default_monitor = 0;
                 default_net = 0;
                 default_floppy = 0;
                 default_cdrom = 0;
                 default_sdcard = 0;
                 default_vga = 0;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid:
                 if (!(xen_available())) {
                     printf("Option %s not supported for this target\n", popt->name);
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 xen_domid = atoi(optarg);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_create:
                 if (!(xen_available())) {
                     printf("Option %s not supported for this target\n", popt->name);
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 xen_mode = XEN_CREATE;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach:
                 if (!(xen_available())) {
                     printf("Option %s not supported for this target\n", popt->name);
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 xen_mode = XEN_ATTACH;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_trace:
             {
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("trace"), optarg, 0);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 trace_events = qemu_opt_get(opts, "events");
                 trace_file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
                 break;
             }
             case QEMU_OPTION_readconfig:
                 {
                     int ret = qemu_read_config_file(optarg);
                     if (ret < 0) {
                         fprintf(stderr, "read config %s: %s\n", optarg,
                             strerror(-ret));
                         exit(1);
                     }
                     break;
                 }
             case QEMU_OPTION_spice:
                 olist = qemu_find_opts("spice");
                 if (!olist) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "spice is not supported by this qemu build.\n");
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(olist, optarg, 0);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 display_remote++;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_writeconfig:
                 {
                     FILE *fp;
                     if (strcmp(optarg, "-") == 0) {
                         fp = stdout;
                     } else {
                         fp = fopen(optarg, "w");
                         if (fp == NULL) {
                             fprintf(stderr, "open %s: %s\n", optarg, strerror(errno));
                             exit(1);
                         }
                     }
                     qemu_config_write(fp);
                     fclose(fp);
                     break;
                 }
             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest:
                 qtest_chrdev = optarg;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log:
                 qtest_log = optarg;
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_sandbox:
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("sandbox"), optarg, 1);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_add_fd:
 #ifndef _WIN32
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"), optarg, 0);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
 #else
                 error_report("File descriptor passing is disabled on this "
                              "platform");
                 exit(1);
 #endif
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_object:
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("object"), optarg, 1);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_realtime:
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("realtime"), optarg, 0);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 configure_realtime(opts);
                 break;
             case QEMU_OPTION_msg:
                 opts = qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("msg"), optarg, 0);
                 if (!opts) {
                     exit(1);
                 }
                 configure_msg(opts);
                 break;
             default:
                 os_parse_cmd_args(popt->index, optarg);
             }
         }
     }
     loc_set_none();

     if (qemu_init_main_loop()) {
         fprintf(stderr, "qemu_init_main_loop failed\n");
         exit(1);
     }

     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("sandbox"), parse_sandbox, NULL, 0)) {
         exit(1);
     }

 #ifndef _WIN32
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"), parse_add_fd, NULL, 1)) {
         exit(1);
     }

     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"), cleanup_add_fd, NULL, 1)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 #endif

     if (machine == NULL) {
         fprintf(stderr, "No machine found.\n");
         exit(1);
     }

     if (machine->hw_version) {
         qemu_set_version(machine->hw_version);
     }

     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("object"),
                           object_create, NULL, 0) != 0) {
         exit(1);
     }

     /* Init CPU def lists, based on config
      * - Must be called after all the qemu_read_config_file() calls
      * - Must be called before list_cpus()
      * - Must be called before machine->init()
      */
     cpudef_init();

     if (cpu_model && is_help_option(cpu_model)) {
         list_cpus(stdout, &fprintf, cpu_model);
         exit(0);
     }

     /* Open the logfile at this point, if necessary. We can't open the logfile
      * when encountering either of the logging options (-d or -D) because the
      * other one may be encountered later on the command line, changing the
      * location or level of logging.
      */
     if (log_mask) {
         int mask;
         if (log_file) {
             qemu_set_log_filename(log_file);
         }

         mask = qemu_str_to_log_mask(log_mask);
         if (!mask) {
             qemu_print_log_usage(stdout);
             exit(1);
         }
         qemu_set_log(mask);
     }

     if (!trace_backend_init(trace_events, trace_file)) {
         exit(1);
     }

     /* If no data_dir is specified then try to find it relative to the
        executable path.  */
     if (data_dir_idx < ARRAY_SIZE(data_dir)) {
         data_dir[data_dir_idx] = os_find_datadir(argv[0]);
         if (data_dir[data_dir_idx] != NULL) {
             data_dir_idx++;
         }
     }
     /* If all else fails use the install path specified when building. */
     if (data_dir_idx < ARRAY_SIZE(data_dir)) {
         data_dir[data_dir_idx++] = CONFIG_QEMU_DATADIR;
     }

     smp_parse(qemu_opts_find(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"), NULL));

     machine->max_cpus = machine->max_cpus ?: 1; /* Default to UP */
     if (smp_cpus > machine->max_cpus) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Number of SMP cpus requested (%d), exceeds max cpus "
                 "supported by machine `%s' (%d)\n", smp_cpus,  machine->name,
                 machine->max_cpus);
         exit(1);
     }

     /*
      * Get the default machine options from the machine if it is not already
      * specified either by the configuration file or by the command line.
      */
     if (machine->default_machine_opts) {
         qemu_opts_set_defaults(qemu_find_opts("machine"),
                                machine->default_machine_opts, 0);
     }

     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"), default_driver_check, NULL, 0);
     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"), default_driver_check, NULL, 0);

     if (machine->no_serial) {
         default_serial = 0;
     }
     if (machine->no_parallel) {
         default_parallel = 0;
     }
     if (!machine->use_virtcon) {
         default_virtcon = 0;
     }
     if (!machine->use_sclp) {
         default_sclp = 0;
     }
     if (machine->no_floppy) {
         default_floppy = 0;
     }
     if (machine->no_cdrom) {
         default_cdrom = 0;
     }
     if (machine->no_sdcard) {
         default_sdcard = 0;
     }

     if (is_daemonized()) {
         /* According to documentation and historically, -nographic redirects
          * serial port, parallel port and monitor to stdio, which does not work
          * with -daemonize.  We can redirect these to null instead, but since
          * -nographic is legacy, let's just error out.
          * We disallow -nographic only if all other ports are not redirected
          * explicitly, to not break existing legacy setups which uses
          * -nographic _and_ redirects all ports explicitly - this is valid
          * usage, -nographic is just a no-op in this case.
          */
         if (display_type == DT_NOGRAPHIC
             && (default_parallel || default_serial
                 || default_monitor || default_virtcon)) {
             fprintf(stderr, "-nographic can not be used with -daemonize\n");
             exit(1);
         }
 #ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
         if (display_type == DT_CURSES) {
             fprintf(stderr, "curses display can not be used with -daemonize\n");
             exit(1);
         }
 #endif
     }

     if (display_type == DT_NOGRAPHIC) {
         if (default_parallel)
             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "null");
         if (default_serial && default_monitor) {
             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "mon:stdio");
         } else if (default_virtcon && default_monitor) {
             add_device_config(DEV_VIRTCON, "mon:stdio");
         } else if (default_sclp && default_monitor) {
             add_device_config(DEV_SCLP, "mon:stdio");
         } else {
             if (default_serial)
                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "stdio");
             if (default_virtcon)
                 add_device_config(DEV_VIRTCON, "stdio");
             if (default_sclp) {
                 add_device_config(DEV_SCLP, "stdio");
             }
             if (default_monitor)
                 monitor_parse("stdio", "readline");
         }
     } else {
         if (default_serial)
             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "vc:80Cx24C");
         if (default_parallel)
             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "vc:80Cx24C");
         if (default_monitor)
             monitor_parse("vc:80Cx24C", "readline");
         if (default_virtcon)
             add_device_config(DEV_VIRTCON, "vc:80Cx24C");
         if (default_sclp) {
             add_device_config(DEV_SCLP, "vc:80Cx24C");
         }
     }

     if (display_type == DT_DEFAULT && !display_remote) {
 #if defined(CONFIG_GTK)
         display_type = DT_GTK;
 #elif defined(CONFIG_SDL) || defined(CONFIG_COCOA)
         display_type = DT_SDL;
 #elif defined(CONFIG_VNC)
         vnc_display = "localhost:0,to=99";
         show_vnc_port = 1;
 #else
         display_type = DT_NONE;
 #endif
     }

     if ((no_frame || alt_grab || ctrl_grab) && display_type != DT_SDL) {
         fprintf(stderr, "-no-frame, -alt-grab and -ctrl-grab are only valid "
                         "for SDL, ignoring option\n");
     }
     if (no_quit && (display_type != DT_GTK && display_type != DT_SDL)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "-no-quit is only valid for GTK and SDL, "
                         "ignoring option\n");
     }

 #if defined(CONFIG_GTK)
     if (display_type == DT_GTK) {
         early_gtk_display_init();
     }
 #endif

     socket_init();

     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"), chardev_init_func, NULL, 1) != 0)
         exit(1);
 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"), fsdev_init_func, NULL, 1) != 0) {
         exit(1);
     }
 #endif

     os_daemonize();

     if (pid_file && qemu_create_pidfile(pid_file) != 0) {
         os_pidfile_error();
         exit(1);
     }

     /* init the memory */
     if (ram_size == 0) {
         ram_size = DEFAULT_RAM_SIZE * 1024 * 1024;
     }

     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"), device_help_func, NULL, 0)
         != 0) {
         exit(0);
     }

     configure_accelerator();

     if (!qtest_enabled() && qtest_chrdev) {
         qtest_init();
     }

     machine_opts = qemu_get_machine_opts();
     kernel_filename = qemu_opt_get(machine_opts, "kernel");
     initrd_filename = qemu_opt_get(machine_opts, "initrd");
     kernel_cmdline = qemu_opt_get(machine_opts, "append");

     boot_order = machine->default_boot_order;
     opts = qemu_opts_find(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), NULL);
     if (opts) {
         char *normal_boot_order;
         const char *order, *once;

         order = qemu_opt_get(opts, "order");
         if (order) {
             validate_bootdevices(order);
             boot_order = order;
         }

         once = qemu_opt_get(opts, "once");
         if (once) {
             validate_bootdevices(once);
             normal_boot_order = g_strdup(boot_order);
             boot_order = once;
             qemu_register_reset(restore_boot_order, normal_boot_order);
         }

         boot_menu = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "menu", boot_menu);
     }

     if (!kernel_cmdline) {
         kernel_cmdline = "";
     }

     linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);

     if (!linux_boot && *kernel_cmdline != '\0') {
         fprintf(stderr, "-append only allowed with -kernel option\n");
         exit(1);
     }

     if (!linux_boot && initrd_filename != NULL) {
         fprintf(stderr, "-initrd only allowed with -kernel option\n");
         exit(1);
     }

     if (!linux_boot && qemu_opt_get(machine_opts, "dtb")) {
         fprintf(stderr, "-dtb only allowed with -kernel option\n");
         exit(1);
     }

     os_set_line_buffering();

     qemu_init_cpu_loop();
     qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();

 #ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
     /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
     qemu_spice_init();
 #endif

     if (icount_option && (kvm_enabled() || xen_enabled())) {
         fprintf(stderr, "-icount is not allowed with kvm or xen\n");
         exit(1);
     }
     configure_icount(icount_option);

     /* clean up network at qemu process termination */
     atexit(&net_cleanup);

     if (net_init_clients() < 0) {
         exit(1);
     }

 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM
     if (tpm_init() < 0) {
         exit(1);
     }
 #endif

     /* init the bluetooth world */
     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_BT, bt_parse))
         exit(1);

     if (!xen_enabled()) {
         /* On 32-bit hosts, QEMU is limited by virtual address space */
         if (ram_size > (2047 << 20) && HOST_LONG_BITS == 32) {
             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: at most 2047 MB RAM can be simulated\n");
             exit(1);
         }
     }

     cpu_exec_init_all();

     blk_mig_init();

     /* open the virtual block devices */
     if (snapshot)
         qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot, NULL, 0);
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
                           &machine->block_default_type, 1) != 0) {
         exit(1);
     }

     default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine->block_default_type, 2,
                   CDROM_OPTS);
     default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
     default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);

     register_savevm_live(NULL, "ram", 0, 4, &savevm_ram_handlers, NULL);

     if (nb_numa_nodes > 0) {
         int i;

         if (nb_numa_nodes > MAX_NODES) {
             nb_numa_nodes = MAX_NODES;
         }

         /* If no memory size if given for any node, assume the default case
          * and distribute the available memory equally across all nodes
          */
         for (i = 0; i < nb_numa_nodes; i++) {
             if (node_mem[i] != 0)
                 break;
         }
         if (i == nb_numa_nodes) {
             uint64_t usedmem = 0;

             /* On Linux, the each node's border has to be 8MB aligned,
              * the final node gets the rest.
              */
             for (i = 0; i < nb_numa_nodes - 1; i++) {
                 node_mem[i] = (ram_size / nb_numa_nodes) & ~((1 << 23UL) - 1);
                 usedmem += node_mem[i];
             }
             node_mem[i] = ram_size - usedmem;
         }

         for (i = 0; i < nb_numa_nodes; i++) {
             if (!bitmap_empty(node_cpumask[i], MAX_CPUMASK_BITS)) {
                 break;
             }
         }
         /* assigning the VCPUs round-robin is easier to implement, guest OSes
          * must cope with this anyway, because there are BIOSes out there in
          * real machines which also use this scheme.
          */
         if (i == nb_numa_nodes) {
             for (i = 0; i < max_cpus; i++) {
                 set_bit(i, node_cpumask[i % nb_numa_nodes]);
             }
         }
     }

     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"), mon_init_func, NULL, 1) != 0) {
         exit(1);
     }

     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse) < 0)
         exit(1);
     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, parallel_parse) < 0)
         exit(1);
     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_VIRTCON, virtcon_parse) < 0)
         exit(1);
     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SCLP, sclp_parse) < 0) {
         exit(1);
     }
     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, debugcon_parse) < 0)
         exit(1);

     /* If no default VGA is requested, the default is "none".  */
     if (default_vga) {
         if (cirrus_vga_available()) {
             vga_model = "cirrus";
         } else if (vga_available()) {
             vga_model = "std";
         }
     }
     select_vgahw(vga_model);

     if (watchdog) {
         i = select_watchdog(watchdog);
         if (i > 0)
             exit (i == 1 ? 1 : 0);
     }

     if (machine->compat_props) {
         qdev_prop_register_global_list(machine->compat_props);
     }
     qemu_add_globals();

     qdev_machine_init();

     QEMUMachineInitArgs args = { .ram_size = ram_size,
                                  .boot_order = boot_order,
                                  .kernel_filename = kernel_filename,
                                  .kernel_cmdline = kernel_cmdline,
                                  .initrd_filename = initrd_filename,
                                  .cpu_model = cpu_model };
     machine->init(&args);

     audio_init();

     cpu_synchronize_all_post_init();

     set_numa_modes();

     current_machine = machine;

     /* init USB devices */
     if (usb_enabled(false)) {
         if (foreach_device_config(DEV_USB, usb_parse) < 0)
             exit(1);
     }

     /* init generic devices */
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"), device_init_func, NULL, 1) != 0)
         exit(1);

     net_check_clients();

     ds = init_displaystate();

     /* init local displays */
     switch (display_type) {
     case DT_NOGRAPHIC:
         break;
 #if defined(CONFIG_CURSES)
     case DT_CURSES:
         curses_display_init(ds, full_screen);
         break;
 #endif
 #if defined(CONFIG_SDL)
     case DT_SDL:
         sdl_display_init(ds, full_screen, no_frame);
         break;
 #elif defined(CONFIG_COCOA)
     case DT_SDL:
         cocoa_display_init(ds, full_screen);
         break;
 #endif
 #if defined(CONFIG_GTK)
     case DT_GTK:
         gtk_display_init(ds, full_screen);
         break;
 #endif
     default:
         break;
     }

     /* must be after terminal init, SDL library changes signal handlers */
     os_setup_signal_handling();

 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
     /* init remote displays */
     if (vnc_display) {
         Error *local_err = NULL;
         vnc_display_init(ds);
         vnc_display_open(ds, vnc_display, &local_err);
         if (local_err != NULL) {
             error_report("Failed to start VNC server on `%s': %s",
                          vnc_display, error_get_pretty(local_err));
             error_free(local_err);
             exit(1);
         }

         if (show_vnc_port) {
             printf("VNC server running on `%s'\n", vnc_display_local_addr(ds));
         }
     }
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
     if (using_spice) {
         qemu_spice_display_init();
     }
 #endif

     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_GDB, gdbserver_start) < 0) {
         exit(1);
     }

     qdev_machine_creation_done();

     if (rom_load_all() != 0) {
         fprintf(stderr, "rom loading failed\n");
         exit(1);
     }

     /* TODO: once all bus devices are qdevified, this should be done
      * when bus is created by qdev.c */
     qemu_register_reset(qbus_reset_all_fn, sysbus_get_default());
     qemu_run_machine_init_done_notifiers();

     /* Done notifiers can load ROMs */
     rom_load_done();

     qemu_system_reset(VMRESET_SILENT);
     if (loadvm) {
         if (load_vmstate(loadvm) < 0) {
             autostart = 0;
         }
     }

     if (incoming) {
         Error *local_err = NULL;
         qemu_start_incoming_migration(incoming, &local_err);
         if (local_err) {
             error_report("-incoming %s: %s", incoming,
                          error_get_pretty(local_err));
             error_free(local_err);
             exit(1);
         }
     } else if (autostart) {
         vm_start();
     }

     os_setup_post();

     main_loop();
     bdrv_close_all();
     pause_all_vcpus();
     res_free();
 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM
     tpm_cleanup();
 #endif

     return 0;
 }