include/exec/ram_addr.h - qemu - Git at Google

 /*
  * Declarations for cpu physical memory functions
  *
  * Copyright 2011 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates
  *
  * Authors:
  *  Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
  *
  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
  * later.  See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
  *
  */

 /*
  * This header is for use by exec.c and memory.c ONLY.  Do not include it.
  * The functions declared here will be removed soon.
  */

 #ifndef RAM_ADDR_H
 #define RAM_ADDR_H

 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
 #include "exec/ramlist.h"

 struct RAMBlock {
     struct rcu_head rcu;
     struct MemoryRegion *mr;
     uint8_t *host;
     ram_addr_t offset;
     ram_addr_t used_length;
     ram_addr_t max_length;
     void (*resized)(const char*, uint64_t length, void *host);
     uint32_t flags;
     /* Protected by iothread lock.  */
     char idstr[256];
     /* RCU-enabled, writes protected by the ramlist lock */
     QLIST_ENTRY(RAMBlock) next;
     QLIST_HEAD(, RAMBlockNotifier) ramblock_notifiers;
     int fd;
     size_t page_size;
     /* dirty bitmap used during migration */
     unsigned long *bmap;
     /* bitmap of pages that haven't been sent even once
      * only maintained and used in postcopy at the moment
      * where it's used to send the dirtymap at the start
      * of the postcopy phase
      */
     unsigned long *unsentmap;
 };

 static inline bool offset_in_ramblock(RAMBlock *b, ram_addr_t offset)
 {
     return (b && b->host && offset < b->used_length) ? true : false;
 }

 static inline void *ramblock_ptr(RAMBlock *block, ram_addr_t offset)
 {
     assert(offset_in_ramblock(block, offset));
     return (char *)block->host + offset;
 }

 long qemu_getrampagesize(void);
 unsigned long last_ram_page(void);
 RAMBlock *qemu_ram_alloc_from_file(ram_addr_t size, MemoryRegion *mr,
                                    bool share, const char *mem_path,
                                    Error **errp);
 RAMBlock *qemu_ram_alloc_from_fd(ram_addr_t size, MemoryRegion *mr,
                                  bool share, int fd,
                                  Error **errp);
 RAMBlock *qemu_ram_alloc_from_ptr(ram_addr_t size, void *host,
                                   MemoryRegion *mr, Error **errp);
 RAMBlock *qemu_ram_alloc(ram_addr_t size, MemoryRegion *mr, Error **errp);
 RAMBlock *qemu_ram_alloc_resizeable(ram_addr_t size, ram_addr_t max_size,
                                     void (*resized)(const char*,
                                                     uint64_t length,
                                                     void *host),
                                     MemoryRegion *mr, Error **errp);
 void qemu_ram_free(RAMBlock *block);

 int qemu_ram_resize(RAMBlock *block, ram_addr_t newsize, Error **errp);

 #define DIRTY_CLIENTS_ALL     ((1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM) - 1)
 #define DIRTY_CLIENTS_NOCODE  (DIRTY_CLIENTS_ALL & ~(1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE))

 static inline bool cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty(ram_addr_t start,
                                                  ram_addr_t length,
                                                  unsigned client)
 {
     DirtyMemoryBlocks *blocks;
     unsigned long end, page;
     unsigned long idx, offset, base;
     bool dirty = false;

     assert(client < DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM);

     end = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(start + length) >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
     page = start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;

     rcu_read_lock();

     blocks = atomic_rcu_read(&ram_list.dirty_memory[client]);

     idx = page / DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
     offset = page % DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
     base = page - offset;
     while (page < end) {
         unsigned long next = MIN(end, base + DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE);
         unsigned long num = next - base;
         unsigned long found = find_next_bit(blocks->blocks[idx], num, offset);
         if (found < num) {
             dirty = true;
             break;
         }

         page = next;
         idx++;
         offset = 0;
         base += DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
     }

     rcu_read_unlock();

     return dirty;
 }

 static inline bool cpu_physical_memory_all_dirty(ram_addr_t start,
                                                  ram_addr_t length,
                                                  unsigned client)
 {
     DirtyMemoryBlocks *blocks;
     unsigned long end, page;
     unsigned long idx, offset, base;
     bool dirty = true;

     assert(client < DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM);

     end = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(start + length) >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
     page = start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;

     rcu_read_lock();

     blocks = atomic_rcu_read(&ram_list.dirty_memory[client]);

     idx = page / DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
     offset = page % DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
     base = page - offset;
     while (page < end) {
         unsigned long next = MIN(end, base + DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE);
         unsigned long num = next - base;
         unsigned long found = find_next_zero_bit(blocks->blocks[idx], num, offset);
         if (found < num) {
             dirty = false;
             break;
         }

         page = next;
         idx++;
         offset = 0;
         base += DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
     }

     rcu_read_unlock();

     return dirty;
 }

 static inline bool cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty_flag(ram_addr_t addr,
                                                       unsigned client)
 {
     return cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty(addr, 1, client);
 }

 static inline bool cpu_physical_memory_is_clean(ram_addr_t addr)
 {
     bool vga = cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty_flag(addr, DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);
     bool code = cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty_flag(addr, DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE);
     bool migration =
         cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty_flag(addr, DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION);
     return !(vga && code && migration);
 }

 static inline uint8_t cpu_physical_memory_range_includes_clean(ram_addr_t start,
                                                                ram_addr_t length,
                                                                uint8_t mask)
 {
     uint8_t ret = 0;

     if (mask & (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA) &&
         !cpu_physical_memory_all_dirty(start, length, DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA)) {
         ret |= (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);
     }
     if (mask & (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE) &&
         !cpu_physical_memory_all_dirty(start, length, DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE)) {
         ret |= (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE);
     }
     if (mask & (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION) &&
         !cpu_physical_memory_all_dirty(start, length, DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION)) {
         ret |= (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION);
     }
     return ret;
 }

 static inline void cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_flag(ram_addr_t addr,
                                                       unsigned client)
 {
     unsigned long page, idx, offset;
     DirtyMemoryBlocks *blocks;

     assert(client < DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM);

     page = addr >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
     idx = page / DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
     offset = page % DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;

     rcu_read_lock();

     blocks = atomic_rcu_read(&ram_list.dirty_memory[client]);

     set_bit_atomic(offset, blocks->blocks[idx]);

     rcu_read_unlock();
 }

 static inline void cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_range(ram_addr_t start,
                                                        ram_addr_t length,
                                                        uint8_t mask)
 {
     DirtyMemoryBlocks *blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM];
     unsigned long end, page;
     unsigned long idx, offset, base;
     int i;

     if (!mask && !xen_enabled()) {
         return;
     }

     end = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(start + length) >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
     page = start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;

     rcu_read_lock();

     for (i = 0; i < DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM; i++) {
         blocks[i] = atomic_rcu_read(&ram_list.dirty_memory[i]);
     }

     idx = page / DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
     offset = page % DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
     base = page - offset;
     while (page < end) {
         unsigned long next = MIN(end, base + DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE);

         if (likely(mask & (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION))) {
             bitmap_set_atomic(blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION]->blocks[idx],
                               offset, next - page);
         }
         if (unlikely(mask & (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA))) {
             bitmap_set_atomic(blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA]->blocks[idx],
                               offset, next - page);
         }
         if (unlikely(mask & (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE))) {
             bitmap_set_atomic(blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE]->blocks[idx],
                               offset, next - page);
         }

         page = next;
         idx++;
         offset = 0;
         base += DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
     }

     rcu_read_unlock();

     xen_hvm_modified_memory(start, length);
 }

 #if !defined(_WIN32)
 static inline void cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_lebitmap(unsigned long *bitmap,
                                                           ram_addr_t start,
                                                           ram_addr_t pages)
 {
     unsigned long i, j;
     unsigned long page_number, c;
     hwaddr addr;
     ram_addr_t ram_addr;
     unsigned long len = (pages + HOST_LONG_BITS - 1) / HOST_LONG_BITS;
     unsigned long hpratio = getpagesize() / TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
     unsigned long page = BIT_WORD(start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);

     /* start address is aligned at the start of a word? */
     if ((((page * BITS_PER_LONG) << TARGET_PAGE_BITS) == start) &&
         (hpratio == 1)) {
         unsigned long **blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM];
         unsigned long idx;
         unsigned long offset;
         long k;
         long nr = BITS_TO_LONGS(pages);

         idx = (start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS) / DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
         offset = BIT_WORD((start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS) %
                           DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE);

         rcu_read_lock();

         for (i = 0; i < DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM; i++) {
             blocks[i] = atomic_rcu_read(&ram_list.dirty_memory[i])->blocks;
         }

         for (k = 0; k < nr; k++) {
             if (bitmap[k]) {
                 unsigned long temp = leul_to_cpu(bitmap[k]);

                 atomic_or(&blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION][idx][offset], temp);
                 atomic_or(&blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA][idx][offset], temp);
                 if (tcg_enabled()) {
                     atomic_or(&blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE][idx][offset], temp);
                 }
             }

             if (++offset >= BITS_TO_LONGS(DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE)) {
                 offset = 0;
                 idx++;
             }
         }

         rcu_read_unlock();

         xen_hvm_modified_memory(start, pages << TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
     } else {
         uint8_t clients = tcg_enabled() ? DIRTY_CLIENTS_ALL : DIRTY_CLIENTS_NOCODE;
         /*
          * bitmap-traveling is faster than memory-traveling (for addr...)
          * especially when most of the memory is not dirty.
          */
         for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
             if (bitmap[i] != 0) {
                 c = leul_to_cpu(bitmap[i]);
                 do {
                     j = ctzl(c);
                     c &= ~(1ul << j);
                     page_number = (i * HOST_LONG_BITS + j) * hpratio;
                     addr = page_number * TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
                     ram_addr = start + addr;
                     cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_range(ram_addr,
                                        TARGET_PAGE_SIZE * hpratio, clients);
                 } while (c != 0);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 #endif /* not _WIN32 */

 bool cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty(ram_addr_t start,
                                               ram_addr_t length,
                                               unsigned client);

 DirtyBitmapSnapshot *cpu_physical_memory_snapshot_and_clear_dirty
     (ram_addr_t start, ram_addr_t length, unsigned client);

 bool cpu_physical_memory_snapshot_get_dirty(DirtyBitmapSnapshot *snap,
                                             ram_addr_t start,
                                             ram_addr_t length);

 static inline void cpu_physical_memory_clear_dirty_range(ram_addr_t start,
                                                          ram_addr_t length)
 {
     cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty(start, length, DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION);
     cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty(start, length, DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);
     cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty(start, length, DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE);
 }


 static inline
 uint64_t cpu_physical_memory_sync_dirty_bitmap(RAMBlock *rb,
                                                ram_addr_t start,
                                                ram_addr_t length,
                                                uint64_t *real_dirty_pages)
 {
     ram_addr_t addr;
     unsigned long word = BIT_WORD((start + rb->offset) >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
     uint64_t num_dirty = 0;
     unsigned long *dest = rb->bmap;

     /* start address is aligned at the start of a word? */
     if (((word * BITS_PER_LONG) << TARGET_PAGE_BITS) ==
          (start + rb->offset)) {
         int k;
         int nr = BITS_TO_LONGS(length >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
         unsigned long * const *src;
         unsigned long idx = (word * BITS_PER_LONG) / DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
         unsigned long offset = BIT_WORD((word * BITS_PER_LONG) %
                                         DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE);
         unsigned long page = BIT_WORD(start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);

         rcu_read_lock();

         src = atomic_rcu_read(
                 &ram_list.dirty_memory[DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION])->blocks;

         for (k = page; k < page + nr; k++) {
             if (src[idx][offset]) {
                 unsigned long bits = atomic_xchg(&src[idx][offset], 0);
                 unsigned long new_dirty;
                 *real_dirty_pages += ctpopl(bits);
                 new_dirty = ~dest[k];
                 dest[k] |= bits;
                 new_dirty &= bits;
                 num_dirty += ctpopl(new_dirty);
             }

             if (++offset >= BITS_TO_LONGS(DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE)) {
                 offset = 0;
                 idx++;
             }
         }

         rcu_read_unlock();
     } else {
         ram_addr_t offset = rb->offset;

         for (addr = 0; addr < length; addr += TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) {
             if (cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty(
                         start + addr + offset,
                         TARGET_PAGE_SIZE,
                         DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION)) {
                 *real_dirty_pages += 1;
                 long k = (start + addr) >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
                 if (!test_and_set_bit(k, dest)) {
                     num_dirty++;
                 }
             }
         }
     }

     return num_dirty;
 }
 #endif
 #endif
	/*
	* Declarations for cpu physical memory functions
	*
	* Copyright 2011 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates
	*
	* Authors:
	* Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
	*
	* This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
	* later. See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
	*
	*/

	/*
	* This header is for use by exec.c and memory.c ONLY. Do not include it.
	* The functions declared here will be removed soon.
	*/

	#ifndef RAM_ADDR_H
	#define RAM_ADDR_H

	#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
	#include "hw/xen/xen.h"
	#include "exec/ramlist.h"

	struct RAMBlock {
	struct rcu_head rcu;
	struct MemoryRegion *mr;
	uint8_t *host;
	ram_addr_t offset;
	ram_addr_t used_length;
	ram_addr_t max_length;
	void (resized)(const char, uint64_t length, void *host);
	uint32_t flags;
	/* Protected by iothread lock. */
	char idstr[256];
	/* RCU-enabled, writes protected by the ramlist lock */
	QLIST_ENTRY(RAMBlock) next;
	QLIST_HEAD(, RAMBlockNotifier) ramblock_notifiers;
	int fd;
	size_t page_size;
	/* dirty bitmap used during migration */
	unsigned long *bmap;
	/* bitmap of pages that haven't been sent even once
	* only maintained and used in postcopy at the moment
	* where it's used to send the dirtymap at the start
	* of the postcopy phase
	*/
	unsigned long *unsentmap;
	};

	static inline bool offset_in_ramblock(RAMBlock *b, ram_addr_t offset)
	{
	return (b && b->host && offset < b->used_length) ? true : false;
	}

	static inline void ramblock_ptr(RAMBlock block, ram_addr_t offset)
	{
	assert(offset_in_ramblock(block, offset));
	return (char *)block->host + offset;
	}

	long qemu_getrampagesize(void);
	unsigned long last_ram_page(void);
	RAMBlock qemu_ram_alloc_from_file(ram_addr_t size, MemoryRegion mr,
	bool share, const char *mem_path,
	Error **errp);
	RAMBlock qemu_ram_alloc_from_fd(ram_addr_t size, MemoryRegion mr,
	bool share, int fd,
	Error **errp);
	RAMBlock qemu_ram_alloc_from_ptr(ram_addr_t size, void host,
	MemoryRegion mr, Error *errp);
	RAMBlock qemu_ram_alloc(ram_addr_t size, MemoryRegion mr, Error **errp);
	RAMBlock *qemu_ram_alloc_resizeable(ram_addr_t size, ram_addr_t max_size,
	void (resized)(const char,
	uint64_t length,
	void *host),
	MemoryRegion mr, Error *errp);
	void qemu_ram_free(RAMBlock *block);

	int qemu_ram_resize(RAMBlock block, ram_addr_t newsize, Error *errp);

	#define DIRTY_CLIENTS_ALL ((1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM) - 1)
	#define DIRTY_CLIENTS_NOCODE (DIRTY_CLIENTS_ALL & ~(1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE))

	static inline bool cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty(ram_addr_t start,
	ram_addr_t length,
	unsigned client)
	{
	DirtyMemoryBlocks *blocks;
	unsigned long end, page;
	unsigned long idx, offset, base;
	bool dirty = false;

	assert(client < DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM);

	end = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(start + length) >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
	page = start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;

	rcu_read_lock();

	blocks = atomic_rcu_read(&ram_list.dirty_memory[client]);

	idx = page / DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
	offset = page % DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
	base = page - offset;
	while (page < end) {
	unsigned long next = MIN(end, base + DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE);
	unsigned long num = next - base;
	unsigned long found = find_next_bit(blocks->blocks[idx], num, offset);
	if (found < num) {
	dirty = true;
	break;
	}

	page = next;
	idx++;
	offset = 0;
	base += DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();

	return dirty;
	}

	static inline bool cpu_physical_memory_all_dirty(ram_addr_t start,
	ram_addr_t length,
	unsigned client)
	{
	DirtyMemoryBlocks *blocks;
	unsigned long end, page;
	unsigned long idx, offset, base;
	bool dirty = true;

	assert(client < DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM);

	end = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(start + length) >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
	page = start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;

	rcu_read_lock();

	blocks = atomic_rcu_read(&ram_list.dirty_memory[client]);

	idx = page / DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
	offset = page % DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
	base = page - offset;
	while (page < end) {
	unsigned long next = MIN(end, base + DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE);
	unsigned long num = next - base;
	unsigned long found = find_next_zero_bit(blocks->blocks[idx], num, offset);
	if (found < num) {
	dirty = false;
	break;
	}

	page = next;
	idx++;
	offset = 0;
	base += DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();

	return dirty;
	}

	static inline bool cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty_flag(ram_addr_t addr,
	unsigned client)
	{
	return cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty(addr, 1, client);
	}

	static inline bool cpu_physical_memory_is_clean(ram_addr_t addr)
	{
	bool vga = cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty_flag(addr, DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);
	bool code = cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty_flag(addr, DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE);
	bool migration =
	cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty_flag(addr, DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION);
	return !(vga && code && migration);
	}

	static inline uint8_t cpu_physical_memory_range_includes_clean(ram_addr_t start,
	ram_addr_t length,
	uint8_t mask)
	{
	uint8_t ret = 0;

	if (mask & (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA) &&
	!cpu_physical_memory_all_dirty(start, length, DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA)) {
	ret \|= (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);
	}
	if (mask & (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE) &&
	!cpu_physical_memory_all_dirty(start, length, DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE)) {
	ret \|= (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE);
	}
	if (mask & (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION) &&
	!cpu_physical_memory_all_dirty(start, length, DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION)) {
	ret \|= (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION);
	}
	return ret;
	}

	static inline void cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_flag(ram_addr_t addr,
	unsigned client)
	{
	unsigned long page, idx, offset;
	DirtyMemoryBlocks *blocks;

	assert(client < DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM);

	page = addr >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
	idx = page / DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
	offset = page % DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;

	rcu_read_lock();

	blocks = atomic_rcu_read(&ram_list.dirty_memory[client]);

	set_bit_atomic(offset, blocks->blocks[idx]);

	rcu_read_unlock();
	}

	static inline void cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_range(ram_addr_t start,
	ram_addr_t length,
	uint8_t mask)
	{
	DirtyMemoryBlocks *blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM];
	unsigned long end, page;
	unsigned long idx, offset, base;
	int i;

	if (!mask && !xen_enabled()) {
	return;
	}

	end = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(start + length) >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
	page = start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;

	rcu_read_lock();

	for (i = 0; i < DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM; i++) {
	blocks[i] = atomic_rcu_read(&ram_list.dirty_memory[i]);
	}

	idx = page / DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
	offset = page % DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
	base = page - offset;
	while (page < end) {
	unsigned long next = MIN(end, base + DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE);

	if (likely(mask & (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION))) {
	bitmap_set_atomic(blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION]->blocks[idx],
	offset, next - page);
	}
	if (unlikely(mask & (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA))) {
	bitmap_set_atomic(blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA]->blocks[idx],
	offset, next - page);
	}
	if (unlikely(mask & (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE))) {
	bitmap_set_atomic(blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE]->blocks[idx],
	offset, next - page);
	}

	page = next;
	idx++;
	offset = 0;
	base += DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();

	xen_hvm_modified_memory(start, length);
	}

	#if !defined(_WIN32)
	static inline void cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_lebitmap(unsigned long *bitmap,
	ram_addr_t start,
	ram_addr_t pages)
	{
	unsigned long i, j;
	unsigned long page_number, c;
	hwaddr addr;
	ram_addr_t ram_addr;
	unsigned long len = (pages + HOST_LONG_BITS - 1) / HOST_LONG_BITS;
	unsigned long hpratio = getpagesize() / TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
	unsigned long page = BIT_WORD(start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);

	/* start address is aligned at the start of a word? */
	if ((((page * BITS_PER_LONG) << TARGET_PAGE_BITS) == start) &&
	(hpratio == 1)) {
	unsigned long **blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM];
	unsigned long idx;
	unsigned long offset;
	long k;
	long nr = BITS_TO_LONGS(pages);

	idx = (start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS) / DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
	offset = BIT_WORD((start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS) %
	DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE);

	rcu_read_lock();

	for (i = 0; i < DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM; i++) {
	blocks[i] = atomic_rcu_read(&ram_list.dirty_memory[i])->blocks;
	}

	for (k = 0; k < nr; k++) {
	if (bitmap[k]) {
	unsigned long temp = leul_to_cpu(bitmap[k]);

	atomic_or(&blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION][idx][offset], temp);
	atomic_or(&blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA][idx][offset], temp);
	if (tcg_enabled()) {
	atomic_or(&blocks[DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE][idx][offset], temp);
	}
	}

	if (++offset >= BITS_TO_LONGS(DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE)) {
	offset = 0;
	idx++;
	}
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();

	xen_hvm_modified_memory(start, pages << TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
	} else {
	uint8_t clients = tcg_enabled() ? DIRTY_CLIENTS_ALL : DIRTY_CLIENTS_NOCODE;
	/*
	* bitmap-traveling is faster than memory-traveling (for addr...)
	* especially when most of the memory is not dirty.
	*/
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
	if (bitmap[i] != 0) {
	c = leul_to_cpu(bitmap[i]);
	do {
	j = ctzl(c);
	c &= ~(1ul << j);
	page_number = (i * HOST_LONG_BITS + j) * hpratio;
	addr = page_number * TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
	ram_addr = start + addr;
	cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_range(ram_addr,
	TARGET_PAGE_SIZE * hpratio, clients);
	} while (c != 0);
	}
	}
	}
	}
	#endif /* not _WIN32 */

	bool cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty(ram_addr_t start,
	ram_addr_t length,
	unsigned client);

	DirtyBitmapSnapshot *cpu_physical_memory_snapshot_and_clear_dirty
	(ram_addr_t start, ram_addr_t length, unsigned client);

	bool cpu_physical_memory_snapshot_get_dirty(DirtyBitmapSnapshot *snap,
	ram_addr_t start,
	ram_addr_t length);

	static inline void cpu_physical_memory_clear_dirty_range(ram_addr_t start,
	ram_addr_t length)
	{
	cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty(start, length, DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION);
	cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty(start, length, DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);
	cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty(start, length, DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE);
	}


	static inline
	uint64_t cpu_physical_memory_sync_dirty_bitmap(RAMBlock *rb,
	ram_addr_t start,
	ram_addr_t length,
	uint64_t *real_dirty_pages)
	{
	ram_addr_t addr;
	unsigned long word = BIT_WORD((start + rb->offset) >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
	uint64_t num_dirty = 0;
	unsigned long *dest = rb->bmap;

	/* start address is aligned at the start of a word? */
	if (((word * BITS_PER_LONG) << TARGET_PAGE_BITS) ==
	(start + rb->offset)) {
	int k;
	int nr = BITS_TO_LONGS(length >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
	unsigned long * const *src;
	unsigned long idx = (word * BITS_PER_LONG) / DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
	unsigned long offset = BIT_WORD((word * BITS_PER_LONG) %
	DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE);
	unsigned long page = BIT_WORD(start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);

	rcu_read_lock();

	src = atomic_rcu_read(
	&ram_list.dirty_memory[DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION])->blocks;

	for (k = page; k < page + nr; k++) {
	if (src[idx][offset]) {
	unsigned long bits = atomic_xchg(&src[idx][offset], 0);
	unsigned long new_dirty;
	*real_dirty_pages += ctpopl(bits);
	new_dirty = ~dest[k];
	dest[k] \|= bits;
	new_dirty &= bits;
	num_dirty += ctpopl(new_dirty);
	}

	if (++offset >= BITS_TO_LONGS(DIRTY_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE)) {
	offset = 0;
	idx++;
	}
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();
	} else {
	ram_addr_t offset = rb->offset;

	for (addr = 0; addr < length; addr += TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) {
	if (cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty(
	start + addr + offset,
	TARGET_PAGE_SIZE,
	DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION)) {
	*real_dirty_pages += 1;
	long k = (start + addr) >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
	if (!test_and_set_bit(k, dest)) {
	num_dirty++;
	}
	}
	}
	}

	return num_dirty;
	}
	#endif
	#endif