hw/timer/slavio_timer.c - qemu - Git at Google

 /*
  * QEMU Sparc SLAVIO timer controller emulation
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  *
  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  *
  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  * THE SOFTWARE.
  */

 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/timer.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/ptimer.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"

 /*
  * Registers of hardware timer in sun4m.
  *
  * This is the timer/counter part of chip STP2001 (Slave I/O), also
  * produced as NCR89C105. See
  * http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/historic-linux/early-ports/Sparc/NCR/NCR89C105.txt
  *
  * The 31-bit counter is incremented every 500ns by bit 9. Bits 8..0
  * are zero. Bit 31 is 1 when count has been reached.
  *
  * Per-CPU timers interrupt local CPU, system timer uses normal
  * interrupt routing.
  *
  */

 #define MAX_CPUS 16

 typedef struct CPUTimerState {
     qemu_irq irq;
     ptimer_state *timer;
     uint32_t count, counthigh, reached;
     /* processor only */
     uint32_t run;
     uint64_t limit;
 } CPUTimerState;

 #define TYPE_SLAVIO_TIMER "slavio_timer"
 OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(SLAVIO_TIMERState, SLAVIO_TIMER)

 struct SLAVIO_TIMERState {
     SysBusDevice parent_obj;

     uint32_t num_cpus;
     uint32_t cputimer_mode;
     CPUTimerState cputimer[MAX_CPUS + 1];
 };

 typedef struct TimerContext {
     MemoryRegion iomem;
     SLAVIO_TIMERState *s;
     unsigned int timer_index; /* 0 for system, 1 ... MAX_CPUS for CPU timers */
 } TimerContext;

 #define SYS_TIMER_SIZE 0x14
 #define CPU_TIMER_SIZE 0x10

 #define TIMER_LIMIT         0
 #define TIMER_COUNTER       1
 #define TIMER_COUNTER_NORST 2
 #define TIMER_STATUS        3
 #define TIMER_MODE          4

 #define TIMER_COUNT_MASK32 0xfffffe00
 #define TIMER_LIMIT_MASK32 0x7fffffff
 #define TIMER_MAX_COUNT64  0x7ffffffffffffe00ULL
 #define TIMER_MAX_COUNT32  0x7ffffe00ULL
 #define TIMER_REACHED      0x80000000
 #define TIMER_PERIOD       500ULL // 500ns
 #define LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(l) (((l) >> 9) - 1)
 #define PERIODS_TO_LIMIT(l) (((l) + 1) << 9)

 static int slavio_timer_is_user(TimerContext *tc)
 {
     SLAVIO_TIMERState *s = tc->s;
     unsigned int timer_index = tc->timer_index;

     return timer_index != 0 && (s->cputimer_mode & (1 << (timer_index - 1)));
 }

 // Update count, set irq, update expire_time
 // Convert from ptimer countdown units
 static void slavio_timer_get_out(CPUTimerState *t)
 {
     uint64_t count, limit;

     if (t->limit == 0) { /* free-run system or processor counter */
         limit = TIMER_MAX_COUNT32;
     } else {
         limit = t->limit;
     }
     count = limit - PERIODS_TO_LIMIT(ptimer_get_count(t->timer));

     trace_slavio_timer_get_out(t->limit, t->counthigh, t->count);
     t->count = count & TIMER_COUNT_MASK32;
     t->counthigh = count >> 32;
 }

 // timer callback
 static void slavio_timer_irq(void *opaque)
 {
     TimerContext *tc = opaque;
     SLAVIO_TIMERState *s = tc->s;
     CPUTimerState *t = &s->cputimer[tc->timer_index];

     slavio_timer_get_out(t);
     trace_slavio_timer_irq(t->counthigh, t->count);
     /* if limit is 0 (free-run), there will be no match */
     if (t->limit != 0) {
         t->reached = TIMER_REACHED;
     }
     /* there is no interrupt if user timer or free-run */
     if (!slavio_timer_is_user(tc) && t->limit != 0) {
         qemu_irq_raise(t->irq);
     }
 }

 static uint64_t slavio_timer_mem_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                        unsigned size)
 {
     TimerContext *tc = opaque;
     SLAVIO_TIMERState *s = tc->s;
     uint32_t saddr, ret;
     unsigned int timer_index = tc->timer_index;
     CPUTimerState *t = &s->cputimer[timer_index];

     saddr = addr >> 2;
     switch (saddr) {
     case TIMER_LIMIT:
         // read limit (system counter mode) or read most signifying
         // part of counter (user mode)
         if (slavio_timer_is_user(tc)) {
             // read user timer MSW
             slavio_timer_get_out(t);
             ret = t->counthigh | t->reached;
         } else {
             // read limit
             // clear irq
             qemu_irq_lower(t->irq);
             t->reached = 0;
             ret = t->limit & TIMER_LIMIT_MASK32;
         }
         break;
     case TIMER_COUNTER:
         // read counter and reached bit (system mode) or read lsbits
         // of counter (user mode)
         slavio_timer_get_out(t);
         if (slavio_timer_is_user(tc)) { // read user timer LSW
             ret = t->count & TIMER_MAX_COUNT64;
         } else { // read limit
             ret = (t->count & TIMER_MAX_COUNT32) |
                 t->reached;
         }
         break;
     case TIMER_STATUS:
         // only available in processor counter/timer
         // read start/stop status
         if (timer_index > 0) {
             ret = t->run;
         } else {
             ret = 0;
         }
         break;
     case TIMER_MODE:
         // only available in system counter
         // read user/system mode
         ret = s->cputimer_mode;
         break;
     default:
         trace_slavio_timer_mem_readl_invalid(addr);
         ret = 0;
         break;
     }
     trace_slavio_timer_mem_readl(addr, ret);
     return ret;
 }

 static void slavio_timer_mem_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                     uint64_t val, unsigned size)
 {
     TimerContext *tc = opaque;
     SLAVIO_TIMERState *s = tc->s;
     uint32_t saddr;
     unsigned int timer_index = tc->timer_index;
     CPUTimerState *t = &s->cputimer[timer_index];

     trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel(addr, val);
     saddr = addr >> 2;
     switch (saddr) {
     case TIMER_LIMIT:
         ptimer_transaction_begin(t->timer);
         if (slavio_timer_is_user(tc)) {
             uint64_t count;

             // set user counter MSW, reset counter
             t->limit = TIMER_MAX_COUNT64;
             t->counthigh = val & (TIMER_MAX_COUNT64 >> 32);
             t->reached = 0;
             count = ((uint64_t)t->counthigh << 32) | t->count;
             trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_limit(timer_index, count);
             ptimer_set_count(t->timer, LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(t->limit - count));
         } else {
             // set limit, reset counter
             qemu_irq_lower(t->irq);
             t->limit = val & TIMER_MAX_COUNT32;
             if (t->limit == 0) { /* free-run */
                 ptimer_set_limit(t->timer,
                                  LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(TIMER_MAX_COUNT32), 1);
             } else {
                 ptimer_set_limit(t->timer, LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(t->limit), 1);
             }
         }
         ptimer_transaction_commit(t->timer);
         break;
     case TIMER_COUNTER:
         if (slavio_timer_is_user(tc)) {
             uint64_t count;

             // set user counter LSW, reset counter
             t->limit = TIMER_MAX_COUNT64;
             t->count = val & TIMER_MAX_COUNT64;
             t->reached = 0;
             count = ((uint64_t)t->counthigh) << 32 | t->count;
             trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_limit(timer_index, count);
             ptimer_transaction_begin(t->timer);
             ptimer_set_count(t->timer, LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(t->limit - count));
             ptimer_transaction_commit(t->timer);
         } else {
             trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_counter_invalid();
         }
         break;
     case TIMER_COUNTER_NORST:
         // set limit without resetting counter
         t->limit = val & TIMER_MAX_COUNT32;
         ptimer_transaction_begin(t->timer);
         if (t->limit == 0) { /* free-run */
             ptimer_set_limit(t->timer, LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(TIMER_MAX_COUNT32), 0);
         } else {
             ptimer_set_limit(t->timer, LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(t->limit), 0);
         }
         ptimer_transaction_commit(t->timer);
         break;
     case TIMER_STATUS:
         ptimer_transaction_begin(t->timer);
         if (slavio_timer_is_user(tc)) {
             // start/stop user counter
             if (val & 1) {
                 trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_status_start(timer_index);
                 ptimer_run(t->timer, 0);
             } else {
                 trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_status_stop(timer_index);
                 ptimer_stop(t->timer);
             }
         }
         t->run = val & 1;
         ptimer_transaction_commit(t->timer);
         break;
     case TIMER_MODE:
         if (timer_index == 0) {
             unsigned int i;

             for (i = 0; i < s->num_cpus; i++) {
                 unsigned int processor = 1 << i;
                 CPUTimerState *curr_timer = &s->cputimer[i + 1];

                 ptimer_transaction_begin(curr_timer->timer);
                 // check for a change in timer mode for this processor
                 if ((val & processor) != (s->cputimer_mode & processor)) {
                     if (val & processor) { // counter -> user timer
                         qemu_irq_lower(curr_timer->irq);
                         // counters are always running
                         if (!curr_timer->run) {
                             ptimer_stop(curr_timer->timer);
                         }
                         // user timer limit is always the same
                         curr_timer->limit = TIMER_MAX_COUNT64;
                         ptimer_set_limit(curr_timer->timer,
                                          LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(curr_timer->limit),
                                          1);
                         // set this processors user timer bit in config
                         // register
                         s->cputimer_mode |= processor;
                         trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_mode_user(timer_index);
                     } else { // user timer -> counter
                         // start the counter
                         ptimer_run(curr_timer->timer, 0);
                         // clear this processors user timer bit in config
                         // register
                         s->cputimer_mode &= ~processor;
                         trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_mode_counter(timer_index);
                     }
                 }
                 ptimer_transaction_commit(curr_timer->timer);
             }
         } else {
             trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_mode_invalid();
         }
         break;
     default:
         trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_invalid(addr);
         break;
     }
 }

 static const MemoryRegionOps slavio_timer_mem_ops = {
     .read = slavio_timer_mem_readl,
     .write = slavio_timer_mem_writel,
     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 4,
         .max_access_size = 4,
     },
 };

 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_timer = {
     .name ="timer",
     .version_id = 3,
     .minimum_version_id = 3,
     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
         VMSTATE_UINT64(limit, CPUTimerState),
         VMSTATE_UINT32(count, CPUTimerState),
         VMSTATE_UINT32(counthigh, CPUTimerState),
         VMSTATE_UINT32(reached, CPUTimerState),
         VMSTATE_UINT32(run    , CPUTimerState),
         VMSTATE_PTIMER(timer, CPUTimerState),
         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
     }
 };

 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_slavio_timer = {
     .name ="slavio_timer",
     .version_id = 3,
     .minimum_version_id = 3,
     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
         VMSTATE_STRUCT_ARRAY(cputimer, SLAVIO_TIMERState, MAX_CPUS + 1, 3,
                              vmstate_timer, CPUTimerState),
         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
     }
 };

 static void slavio_timer_reset(DeviceState *d)
 {
     SLAVIO_TIMERState *s = SLAVIO_TIMER(d);
     unsigned int i;
     CPUTimerState *curr_timer;

     for (i = 0; i <= MAX_CPUS; i++) {
         curr_timer = &s->cputimer[i];
         curr_timer->limit = 0;
         curr_timer->count = 0;
         curr_timer->reached = 0;
         if (i <= s->num_cpus) {
             ptimer_transaction_begin(curr_timer->timer);
             ptimer_set_limit(curr_timer->timer,
                              LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(TIMER_MAX_COUNT32), 1);
             ptimer_run(curr_timer->timer, 0);
             curr_timer->run = 1;
             ptimer_transaction_commit(curr_timer->timer);
         }
     }
     s->cputimer_mode = 0;
 }

 static void slavio_timer_init(Object *obj)
 {
     SLAVIO_TIMERState *s = SLAVIO_TIMER(obj);
     SysBusDevice *dev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj);
     unsigned int i;
     TimerContext *tc;

     for (i = 0; i <= MAX_CPUS; i++) {
         uint64_t size;
         char timer_name[20];

         tc = g_malloc0(sizeof(TimerContext));
         tc->s = s;
         tc->timer_index = i;

         s->cputimer[i].timer = ptimer_init(slavio_timer_irq, tc,
                                            PTIMER_POLICY_DEFAULT);
         ptimer_transaction_begin(s->cputimer[i].timer);
         ptimer_set_period(s->cputimer[i].timer, TIMER_PERIOD);
         ptimer_transaction_commit(s->cputimer[i].timer);

         size = i == 0 ? SYS_TIMER_SIZE : CPU_TIMER_SIZE;
         snprintf(timer_name, sizeof(timer_name), "timer-%i", i);
         memory_region_init_io(&tc->iomem, obj, &slavio_timer_mem_ops, tc,
                               timer_name, size);
         sysbus_init_mmio(dev, &tc->iomem);

         sysbus_init_irq(dev, &s->cputimer[i].irq);
     }
 }

 static Property slavio_timer_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("num_cpus",  SLAVIO_TIMERState, num_cpus,  0),
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
 };

 static void slavio_timer_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 {
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);

     dc->reset = slavio_timer_reset;
     dc->vmsd = &vmstate_slavio_timer;
     device_class_set_props(dc, slavio_timer_properties);
 }

 static const TypeInfo slavio_timer_info = {
     .name          = TYPE_SLAVIO_TIMER,
     .parent        = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
     .instance_size = sizeof(SLAVIO_TIMERState),
     .instance_init = slavio_timer_init,
     .class_init    = slavio_timer_class_init,
 };

 static void slavio_timer_register_types(void)
 {
     type_register_static(&slavio_timer_info);
 }

 type_init(slavio_timer_register_types)
	/*
	* QEMU Sparc SLAVIO timer controller emulation
	*
	* Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
	*
	* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
	*
	* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
	* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
	*
	* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
	* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
	* THE SOFTWARE.
	*/

	#include "qemu/osdep.h"
	#include "qemu/timer.h"
	#include "hw/irq.h"
	#include "hw/ptimer.h"
	#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
	#include "hw/sysbus.h"
	#include "migration/vmstate.h"
	#include "trace.h"
	#include "qemu/module.h"
	#include "qom/object.h"

	/*
	* Registers of hardware timer in sun4m.
	*
	* This is the timer/counter part of chip STP2001 (Slave I/O), also
	* produced as NCR89C105. See
	* http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/historic-linux/early-ports/Sparc/NCR/NCR89C105.txt
	*
	* The 31-bit counter is incremented every 500ns by bit 9. Bits 8..0
	* are zero. Bit 31 is 1 when count has been reached.
	*
	* Per-CPU timers interrupt local CPU, system timer uses normal
	* interrupt routing.
	*
	*/

	#define MAX_CPUS 16

	typedef struct CPUTimerState {
	qemu_irq irq;
	ptimer_state *timer;
	uint32_t count, counthigh, reached;
	/* processor only */
	uint32_t run;
	uint64_t limit;
	} CPUTimerState;

	#define TYPE_SLAVIO_TIMER "slavio_timer"
	OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(SLAVIO_TIMERState, SLAVIO_TIMER)

	struct SLAVIO_TIMERState {
	SysBusDevice parent_obj;

	uint32_t num_cpus;
	uint32_t cputimer_mode;
	CPUTimerState cputimer[MAX_CPUS + 1];
	};

	typedef struct TimerContext {
	MemoryRegion iomem;
	SLAVIO_TIMERState *s;
	unsigned int timer_index; /* 0 for system, 1 ... MAX_CPUS for CPU timers */
	} TimerContext;

	#define SYS_TIMER_SIZE 0x14
	#define CPU_TIMER_SIZE 0x10

	#define TIMER_LIMIT 0
	#define TIMER_COUNTER 1
	#define TIMER_COUNTER_NORST 2
	#define TIMER_STATUS 3
	#define TIMER_MODE 4

	#define TIMER_COUNT_MASK32 0xfffffe00
	#define TIMER_LIMIT_MASK32 0x7fffffff
	#define TIMER_MAX_COUNT64 0x7ffffffffffffe00ULL
	#define TIMER_MAX_COUNT32 0x7ffffe00ULL
	#define TIMER_REACHED 0x80000000
	#define TIMER_PERIOD 500ULL // 500ns
	#define LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(l) (((l) >> 9) - 1)
	#define PERIODS_TO_LIMIT(l) (((l) + 1) << 9)

	static int slavio_timer_is_user(TimerContext *tc)
	{
	SLAVIO_TIMERState *s = tc->s;
	unsigned int timer_index = tc->timer_index;

	return timer_index != 0 && (s->cputimer_mode & (1 << (timer_index - 1)));
	}

	// Update count, set irq, update expire_time
	// Convert from ptimer countdown units
	static void slavio_timer_get_out(CPUTimerState *t)
	{
	uint64_t count, limit;

	if (t->limit == 0) { /* free-run system or processor counter */
	limit = TIMER_MAX_COUNT32;
	} else {
	limit = t->limit;
	}
	count = limit - PERIODS_TO_LIMIT(ptimer_get_count(t->timer));

	trace_slavio_timer_get_out(t->limit, t->counthigh, t->count);
	t->count = count & TIMER_COUNT_MASK32;
	t->counthigh = count >> 32;
	}

	// timer callback
	static void slavio_timer_irq(void *opaque)
	{
	TimerContext *tc = opaque;
	SLAVIO_TIMERState *s = tc->s;
	CPUTimerState *t = &s->cputimer[tc->timer_index];

	slavio_timer_get_out(t);
	trace_slavio_timer_irq(t->counthigh, t->count);
	/* if limit is 0 (free-run), there will be no match */
	if (t->limit != 0) {
	t->reached = TIMER_REACHED;
	}
	/* there is no interrupt if user timer or free-run */
	if (!slavio_timer_is_user(tc) && t->limit != 0) {
	qemu_irq_raise(t->irq);
	}
	}

	static uint64_t slavio_timer_mem_readl(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	unsigned size)
	{
	TimerContext *tc = opaque;
	SLAVIO_TIMERState *s = tc->s;
	uint32_t saddr, ret;
	unsigned int timer_index = tc->timer_index;
	CPUTimerState *t = &s->cputimer[timer_index];

	saddr = addr >> 2;
	switch (saddr) {
	case TIMER_LIMIT:
	// read limit (system counter mode) or read most signifying
	// part of counter (user mode)
	if (slavio_timer_is_user(tc)) {
	// read user timer MSW
	slavio_timer_get_out(t);
	ret = t->counthigh \| t->reached;
	} else {
	// read limit
	// clear irq
	qemu_irq_lower(t->irq);
	t->reached = 0;
	ret = t->limit & TIMER_LIMIT_MASK32;
	}
	break;
	case TIMER_COUNTER:
	// read counter and reached bit (system mode) or read lsbits
	// of counter (user mode)
	slavio_timer_get_out(t);
	if (slavio_timer_is_user(tc)) { // read user timer LSW
	ret = t->count & TIMER_MAX_COUNT64;
	} else { // read limit
	ret = (t->count & TIMER_MAX_COUNT32) \|
	t->reached;
	}
	break;
	case TIMER_STATUS:
	// only available in processor counter/timer
	// read start/stop status
	if (timer_index > 0) {
	ret = t->run;
	} else {
	ret = 0;
	}
	break;
	case TIMER_MODE:
	// only available in system counter
	// read user/system mode
	ret = s->cputimer_mode;
	break;
	default:
	trace_slavio_timer_mem_readl_invalid(addr);
	ret = 0;
	break;
	}
	trace_slavio_timer_mem_readl(addr, ret);
	return ret;
	}

	static void slavio_timer_mem_writel(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
	uint64_t val, unsigned size)
	{
	TimerContext *tc = opaque;
	SLAVIO_TIMERState *s = tc->s;
	uint32_t saddr;
	unsigned int timer_index = tc->timer_index;
	CPUTimerState *t = &s->cputimer[timer_index];

	trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel(addr, val);
	saddr = addr >> 2;
	switch (saddr) {
	case TIMER_LIMIT:
	ptimer_transaction_begin(t->timer);
	if (slavio_timer_is_user(tc)) {
	uint64_t count;

	// set user counter MSW, reset counter
	t->limit = TIMER_MAX_COUNT64;
	t->counthigh = val & (TIMER_MAX_COUNT64 >> 32);
	t->reached = 0;
	count = ((uint64_t)t->counthigh << 32) \| t->count;
	trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_limit(timer_index, count);
	ptimer_set_count(t->timer, LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(t->limit - count));
	} else {
	// set limit, reset counter
	qemu_irq_lower(t->irq);
	t->limit = val & TIMER_MAX_COUNT32;
	if (t->limit == 0) { /* free-run */
	ptimer_set_limit(t->timer,
	LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(TIMER_MAX_COUNT32), 1);
	} else {
	ptimer_set_limit(t->timer, LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(t->limit), 1);
	}
	}
	ptimer_transaction_commit(t->timer);
	break;
	case TIMER_COUNTER:
	if (slavio_timer_is_user(tc)) {
	uint64_t count;

	// set user counter LSW, reset counter
	t->limit = TIMER_MAX_COUNT64;
	t->count = val & TIMER_MAX_COUNT64;
	t->reached = 0;
	count = ((uint64_t)t->counthigh) << 32 \| t->count;
	trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_limit(timer_index, count);
	ptimer_transaction_begin(t->timer);
	ptimer_set_count(t->timer, LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(t->limit - count));
	ptimer_transaction_commit(t->timer);
	} else {
	trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_counter_invalid();
	}
	break;
	case TIMER_COUNTER_NORST:
	// set limit without resetting counter
	t->limit = val & TIMER_MAX_COUNT32;
	ptimer_transaction_begin(t->timer);
	if (t->limit == 0) { /* free-run */
	ptimer_set_limit(t->timer, LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(TIMER_MAX_COUNT32), 0);
	} else {
	ptimer_set_limit(t->timer, LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(t->limit), 0);
	}
	ptimer_transaction_commit(t->timer);
	break;
	case TIMER_STATUS:
	ptimer_transaction_begin(t->timer);
	if (slavio_timer_is_user(tc)) {
	// start/stop user counter
	if (val & 1) {
	trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_status_start(timer_index);
	ptimer_run(t->timer, 0);
	} else {
	trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_status_stop(timer_index);
	ptimer_stop(t->timer);
	}
	}
	t->run = val & 1;
	ptimer_transaction_commit(t->timer);
	break;
	case TIMER_MODE:
	if (timer_index == 0) {
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < s->num_cpus; i++) {
	unsigned int processor = 1 << i;
	CPUTimerState *curr_timer = &s->cputimer[i + 1];

	ptimer_transaction_begin(curr_timer->timer);
	// check for a change in timer mode for this processor
	if ((val & processor) != (s->cputimer_mode & processor)) {
	if (val & processor) { // counter -> user timer
	qemu_irq_lower(curr_timer->irq);
	// counters are always running
	if (!curr_timer->run) {
	ptimer_stop(curr_timer->timer);
	}
	// user timer limit is always the same
	curr_timer->limit = TIMER_MAX_COUNT64;
	ptimer_set_limit(curr_timer->timer,
	LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(curr_timer->limit),
	1);
	// set this processors user timer bit in config
	// register
	s->cputimer_mode \|= processor;
	trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_mode_user(timer_index);
	} else { // user timer -> counter
	// start the counter
	ptimer_run(curr_timer->timer, 0);
	// clear this processors user timer bit in config
	// register
	s->cputimer_mode &= ~processor;
	trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_mode_counter(timer_index);
	}
	}
	ptimer_transaction_commit(curr_timer->timer);
	}
	} else {
	trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_mode_invalid();
	}
	break;
	default:
	trace_slavio_timer_mem_writel_invalid(addr);
	break;
	}
	}

	static const MemoryRegionOps slavio_timer_mem_ops = {
	.read = slavio_timer_mem_readl,
	.write = slavio_timer_mem_writel,
	.endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
	.valid = {
	.min_access_size = 4,
	.max_access_size = 4,
	},
	};

	static const VMStateDescription vmstate_timer = {
	.name ="timer",
	.version_id = 3,
	.minimum_version_id = 3,
	.fields = (VMStateField[]) {
	VMSTATE_UINT64(limit, CPUTimerState),
	VMSTATE_UINT32(count, CPUTimerState),
	VMSTATE_UINT32(counthigh, CPUTimerState),
	VMSTATE_UINT32(reached, CPUTimerState),
	VMSTATE_UINT32(run , CPUTimerState),
	VMSTATE_PTIMER(timer, CPUTimerState),
	VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
	}
	};

	static const VMStateDescription vmstate_slavio_timer = {
	.name ="slavio_timer",
	.version_id = 3,
	.minimum_version_id = 3,
	.fields = (VMStateField[]) {
	VMSTATE_STRUCT_ARRAY(cputimer, SLAVIO_TIMERState, MAX_CPUS + 1, 3,
	vmstate_timer, CPUTimerState),
	VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
	}
	};

	static void slavio_timer_reset(DeviceState *d)
	{
	SLAVIO_TIMERState *s = SLAVIO_TIMER(d);
	unsigned int i;
	CPUTimerState *curr_timer;

	for (i = 0; i <= MAX_CPUS; i++) {
	curr_timer = &s->cputimer[i];
	curr_timer->limit = 0;
	curr_timer->count = 0;
	curr_timer->reached = 0;
	if (i <= s->num_cpus) {
	ptimer_transaction_begin(curr_timer->timer);
	ptimer_set_limit(curr_timer->timer,
	LIMIT_TO_PERIODS(TIMER_MAX_COUNT32), 1);
	ptimer_run(curr_timer->timer, 0);
	curr_timer->run = 1;
	ptimer_transaction_commit(curr_timer->timer);
	}
	}
	s->cputimer_mode = 0;
	}

	static void slavio_timer_init(Object *obj)
	{
	SLAVIO_TIMERState *s = SLAVIO_TIMER(obj);
	SysBusDevice *dev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj);
	unsigned int i;
	TimerContext *tc;

	for (i = 0; i <= MAX_CPUS; i++) {
	uint64_t size;
	char timer_name[20];

	tc = g_malloc0(sizeof(TimerContext));
	tc->s = s;
	tc->timer_index = i;

	s->cputimer[i].timer = ptimer_init(slavio_timer_irq, tc,
	PTIMER_POLICY_DEFAULT);
	ptimer_transaction_begin(s->cputimer[i].timer);
	ptimer_set_period(s->cputimer[i].timer, TIMER_PERIOD);
	ptimer_transaction_commit(s->cputimer[i].timer);

	size = i == 0 ? SYS_TIMER_SIZE : CPU_TIMER_SIZE;
	snprintf(timer_name, sizeof(timer_name), "timer-%i", i);
	memory_region_init_io(&tc->iomem, obj, &slavio_timer_mem_ops, tc,
	timer_name, size);
	sysbus_init_mmio(dev, &tc->iomem);

	sysbus_init_irq(dev, &s->cputimer[i].irq);
	}
	}

	static Property slavio_timer_properties[] = {
	DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("num_cpus", SLAVIO_TIMERState, num_cpus, 0),
	DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
	};

	static void slavio_timer_class_init(ObjectClass klass, void data)
	{
	DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);

	dc->reset = slavio_timer_reset;
	dc->vmsd = &vmstate_slavio_timer;
	device_class_set_props(dc, slavio_timer_properties);
	}

	static const TypeInfo slavio_timer_info = {
	.name = TYPE_SLAVIO_TIMER,
	.parent = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
	.instance_size = sizeof(SLAVIO_TIMERState),
	.instance_init = slavio_timer_init,
	.class_init = slavio_timer_class_init,
	};

	static void slavio_timer_register_types(void)
	{
	type_register_static(&slavio_timer_info);
	}

	type_init(slavio_timer_register_types)