audio/audio_template.h - qemu - Git at Google

 /*
  * QEMU Audio subsystem header
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2005 Vassili Karpov (malc)
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  *
  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  *
  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  * THE SOFTWARE.
  */

 #ifdef DAC
 #define NAME "playback"
 #define HWBUF hw->mix_buf
 #define TYPE out
 #define HW HWVoiceOut
 #define SW SWVoiceOut
 #else
 #define NAME "capture"
 #define TYPE in
 #define HW HWVoiceIn
 #define SW SWVoiceIn
 #define HWBUF hw->conv_buf
 #endif

 static void glue (audio_init_nb_voices_, TYPE) (struct audio_driver *drv)
 {
     AudioState *s = &glob_audio_state;
     int max_voices = glue (drv->max_voices_, TYPE);
     int voice_size = glue (drv->voice_size_, TYPE);

     if (glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE) > max_voices) {
         if (!max_voices) {
 #ifdef DAC
             dolog ("Driver `%s' does not support " NAME "\n", drv->name);
 #endif
         }
         else {
             dolog ("Driver `%s' does not support %d " NAME " voices, max %d\n",
                    drv->name,
                    glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE),
                    max_voices);
         }
         glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE) = max_voices;
     }

     if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, !voice_size && max_voices)) {
         dolog ("drv=`%s' voice_size=0 max_voices=%d\n",
                drv->name, max_voices);
         glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE) = 0;
     }

     if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, voice_size && !max_voices)) {
         dolog ("drv=`%s' voice_size=%d max_voices=0\n",
                drv->name, voice_size);
     }
 }

 static void glue (audio_pcm_hw_free_resources_, TYPE) (HW *hw)
 {
     if (HWBUF) {
         qemu_free (HWBUF);
     }

     HWBUF = NULL;
 }

 static int glue (audio_pcm_hw_alloc_resources_, TYPE) (HW *hw)
 {
     HWBUF = audio_calloc (AUDIO_FUNC, hw->samples, sizeof (struct st_sample));
     if (!HWBUF) {
         dolog ("Could not allocate " NAME " buffer (%d samples)\n",
                hw->samples);
         return -1;
     }

     return 0;
 }

 static void glue (audio_pcm_sw_free_resources_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
 {
     if (sw->buf) {
         qemu_free (sw->buf);
     }

     if (sw->rate) {
         st_rate_stop (sw->rate);
     }

     sw->buf = NULL;
     sw->rate = NULL;
 }

 static int glue (audio_pcm_sw_alloc_resources_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
 {
     int samples;

     samples = ((int64_t) sw->hw->samples << 32) / sw->ratio;

     sw->buf = audio_calloc (AUDIO_FUNC, samples, sizeof (struct st_sample));
     if (!sw->buf) {
         dolog ("Could not allocate buffer for `%s' (%d samples)\n",
                SW_NAME (sw), samples);
         return -1;
     }

 #ifdef DAC
     sw->rate = st_rate_start (sw->info.freq, sw->hw->info.freq);
 #else
     sw->rate = st_rate_start (sw->hw->info.freq, sw->info.freq);
 #endif
     if (!sw->rate) {
         qemu_free (sw->buf);
         sw->buf = NULL;
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }

 static int glue (audio_pcm_sw_init_, TYPE) (
     SW *sw,
     HW *hw,
     const char *name,
     struct audsettings *as
     )
 {
     int err;

     audio_pcm_init_info (&sw->info, as);
     sw->hw = hw;
     sw->active = 0;
 #ifdef DAC
     sw->ratio = ((int64_t) sw->hw->info.freq << 32) / sw->info.freq;
     sw->total_hw_samples_mixed = 0;
     sw->empty = 1;
 #else
     sw->ratio = ((int64_t) sw->info.freq << 32) / sw->hw->info.freq;
 #endif

 #ifdef DAC
     sw->conv = mixeng_conv
 #else
     sw->clip = mixeng_clip
 #endif
         [sw->info.nchannels == 2]
         [sw->info.sign]
         [sw->info.swap_endianness]
         [audio_bits_to_index (sw->info.bits)];

     sw->name = qemu_strdup (name);
     err = glue (audio_pcm_sw_alloc_resources_, TYPE) (sw);
     if (err) {
         qemu_free (sw->name);
         sw->name = NULL;
     }
     return err;
 }

 static void glue (audio_pcm_sw_fini_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
 {
     glue (audio_pcm_sw_free_resources_, TYPE) (sw);
     if (sw->name) {
         qemu_free (sw->name);
         sw->name = NULL;
     }
 }

 static void glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_sw_, TYPE) (HW *hw, SW *sw)
 {
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD (&hw->sw_head, sw, entries);
 }

 static void glue (audio_pcm_hw_del_sw_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
 {
     QLIST_REMOVE (sw, entries);
 }

 static void glue (audio_pcm_hw_gc_, TYPE) (HW **hwp)
 {
     AudioState *s = &glob_audio_state;
     HW *hw = *hwp;

     if (!hw->sw_head.lh_first) {
 #ifdef DAC
         audio_detach_capture (hw);
 #endif
         QLIST_REMOVE (hw, entries);
         glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE) += 1;
         glue (audio_pcm_hw_free_resources_ ,TYPE) (hw);
         glue (hw->pcm_ops->fini_, TYPE) (hw);
         qemu_free (hw);
         *hwp = NULL;
     }
 }

 static HW *glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_any_, TYPE) (HW *hw)
 {
     AudioState *s = &glob_audio_state;
     return hw ? hw->entries.le_next : glue (s->hw_head_, TYPE).lh_first;
 }

 static HW *glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_any_enabled_, TYPE) (HW *hw)
 {
     while ((hw = glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_any_, TYPE) (hw))) {
         if (hw->enabled) {
             return hw;
         }
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 static HW *glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_specific_, TYPE) (
     HW *hw,
     struct audsettings *as
     )
 {
     while ((hw = glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_any_, TYPE) (hw))) {
         if (audio_pcm_info_eq (&hw->info, as)) {
             return hw;
         }
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 static HW *glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_new_, TYPE) (struct audsettings *as)
 {
     HW *hw;
     AudioState *s = &glob_audio_state;
     struct audio_driver *drv = s->drv;

     if (!glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE)) {
         return NULL;
     }

     if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, !drv)) {
         dolog ("No host audio driver\n");
         return NULL;
     }

     if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, !drv->pcm_ops)) {
         dolog ("Host audio driver without pcm_ops\n");
         return NULL;
     }

     hw = audio_calloc (AUDIO_FUNC, 1, glue (drv->voice_size_, TYPE));
     if (!hw) {
         dolog ("Can not allocate voice `%s' size %d\n",
                drv->name, glue (drv->voice_size_, TYPE));
         return NULL;
     }

     hw->pcm_ops = drv->pcm_ops;
     QLIST_INIT (&hw->sw_head);
 #ifdef DAC
     QLIST_INIT (&hw->cap_head);
 #endif
     if (glue (hw->pcm_ops->init_, TYPE) (hw, as)) {
         goto err0;
     }

     if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, hw->samples <= 0)) {
         dolog ("hw->samples=%d\n", hw->samples);
         goto err1;
     }

 #ifdef DAC
     hw->clip = mixeng_clip
 #else
     hw->conv = mixeng_conv
 #endif
         [hw->info.nchannels == 2]
         [hw->info.sign]
         [hw->info.swap_endianness]
         [audio_bits_to_index (hw->info.bits)];

     if (glue (audio_pcm_hw_alloc_resources_, TYPE) (hw)) {
         goto err1;
     }

     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD (&s->glue (hw_head_, TYPE), hw, entries);
     glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE) -= 1;
 #ifdef DAC
     audio_attach_capture (hw);
 #endif
     return hw;

  err1:
     glue (hw->pcm_ops->fini_, TYPE) (hw);
  err0:
     qemu_free (hw);
     return NULL;
 }

 static HW *glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_, TYPE) (struct audsettings *as)
 {
     HW *hw;

     if (glue (conf.fixed_, TYPE).enabled && glue (conf.fixed_, TYPE).greedy) {
         hw = glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_new_, TYPE) (as);
         if (hw) {
             return hw;
         }
     }

     hw = glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_specific_, TYPE) (NULL, as);
     if (hw) {
         return hw;
     }

     hw = glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_new_, TYPE) (as);
     if (hw) {
         return hw;
     }

     return glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_any_, TYPE) (NULL);
 }

 static SW *glue (audio_pcm_create_voice_pair_, TYPE) (
     const char *sw_name,
     struct audsettings *as
     )
 {
     SW *sw;
     HW *hw;
     struct audsettings hw_as;

     if (glue (conf.fixed_, TYPE).enabled) {
         hw_as = glue (conf.fixed_, TYPE).settings;
     }
     else {
         hw_as = *as;
     }

     sw = audio_calloc (AUDIO_FUNC, 1, sizeof (*sw));
     if (!sw) {
         dolog ("Could not allocate soft voice `%s' (%zu bytes)\n",
                sw_name ? sw_name : "unknown", sizeof (*sw));
         goto err1;
     }

     hw = glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_, TYPE) (&hw_as);
     if (!hw) {
         goto err2;
     }

     glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_sw_, TYPE) (hw, sw);

     if (glue (audio_pcm_sw_init_, TYPE) (sw, hw, sw_name, as)) {
         goto err3;
     }

     return sw;

 err3:
     glue (audio_pcm_hw_del_sw_, TYPE) (sw);
     glue (audio_pcm_hw_gc_, TYPE) (&hw);
 err2:
     qemu_free (sw);
 err1:
     return NULL;
 }

 static void glue (audio_close_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
 {
     glue (audio_pcm_sw_fini_, TYPE) (sw);
     glue (audio_pcm_hw_del_sw_, TYPE) (sw);
     glue (audio_pcm_hw_gc_, TYPE) (&sw->hw);
     qemu_free (sw);
 }

 void glue (AUD_close_, TYPE) (QEMUSoundCard *card, SW *sw)
 {
     if (sw) {
         if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, !card)) {
             dolog ("card=%p\n", card);
             return;
         }

         glue (audio_close_, TYPE) (sw);
     }
 }

 SW *glue (AUD_open_, TYPE) (
     QEMUSoundCard *card,
     SW *sw,
     const char *name,
     void *callback_opaque ,
     audio_callback_fn callback_fn,
     struct audsettings *as
     )
 {
     AudioState *s = &glob_audio_state;
 #ifdef DAC
     int live = 0;
     SW *old_sw = NULL;
 #endif

     ldebug ("open %s, freq %d, nchannels %d, fmt %d\n",
             name, as->freq, as->nchannels, as->fmt);

     if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, !card || !name || !callback_fn || !as)) {
         dolog ("card=%p name=%p callback_fn=%p as=%p\n",
                card, name, callback_fn, as);
         goto fail;
     }

     if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, audio_validate_settings (as))) {
         audio_print_settings (as);
         goto fail;
     }

     if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, !s->drv)) {
         dolog ("Can not open `%s' (no host audio driver)\n", name);
         goto fail;
     }

     if (sw && audio_pcm_info_eq (&sw->info, as)) {
         return sw;
     }

 #ifdef DAC
     if (conf.plive && sw && (!sw->active && !sw->empty)) {
         live = sw->total_hw_samples_mixed;

 #ifdef DEBUG_PLIVE
         dolog ("Replacing voice %s with %d live samples\n", SW_NAME (sw), live);
         dolog ("Old %s freq %d, bits %d, channels %d\n",
                SW_NAME (sw), sw->info.freq, sw->info.bits, sw->info.nchannels);
         dolog ("New %s freq %d, bits %d, channels %d\n",
                name,
                as->freq,
                (as->fmt == AUD_FMT_S16 || as->fmt == AUD_FMT_U16) ? 16 : 8,
                as->nchannels);
 #endif

         if (live) {
             old_sw = sw;
             old_sw->callback.fn = NULL;
             sw = NULL;
         }
     }
 #endif

     if (!glue (conf.fixed_, TYPE).enabled && sw) {
         glue (AUD_close_, TYPE) (card, sw);
         sw = NULL;
     }

     if (sw) {
         HW *hw = sw->hw;

         if (!hw) {
             dolog ("Internal logic error voice `%s' has no hardware store\n",
                    SW_NAME (sw));
             goto fail;
         }

         glue (audio_pcm_sw_fini_, TYPE) (sw);
         if (glue (audio_pcm_sw_init_, TYPE) (sw, hw, name, as)) {
             goto fail;
         }
     }
     else {
         sw = glue (audio_pcm_create_voice_pair_, TYPE) (name, as);
         if (!sw) {
             dolog ("Failed to create voice `%s'\n", name);
             return NULL;
         }
     }

     sw->card = card;
     sw->vol = nominal_volume;
     sw->callback.fn = callback_fn;
     sw->callback.opaque = callback_opaque;

 #ifdef DAC
     if (live) {
         int mixed =
             (live << old_sw->info.shift)
             * old_sw->info.bytes_per_second
             / sw->info.bytes_per_second;

 #ifdef DEBUG_PLIVE
         dolog ("Silence will be mixed %d\n", mixed);
 #endif
         sw->total_hw_samples_mixed += mixed;
     }
 #endif

 #ifdef DEBUG_AUDIO
     dolog ("%s\n", name);
     audio_pcm_print_info ("hw", &sw->hw->info);
     audio_pcm_print_info ("sw", &sw->info);
 #endif

     return sw;

  fail:
     glue (AUD_close_, TYPE) (card, sw);
     return NULL;
 }

 int glue (AUD_is_active_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
 {
     return sw ? sw->active : 0;
 }

 void glue (AUD_init_time_stamp_, TYPE) (SW *sw, QEMUAudioTimeStamp *ts)
 {
     if (!sw) {
         return;
     }

     ts->old_ts = sw->hw->ts_helper;
 }

 uint64_t glue (AUD_get_elapsed_usec_, TYPE) (SW *sw, QEMUAudioTimeStamp *ts)
 {
     uint64_t delta, cur_ts, old_ts;

     if (!sw) {
         return 0;
     }

     cur_ts = sw->hw->ts_helper;
     old_ts = ts->old_ts;
     /* dolog ("cur %" PRId64 " old %" PRId64 "\n", cur_ts, old_ts); */

     if (cur_ts >= old_ts) {
         delta = cur_ts - old_ts;
     }
     else {
         delta = UINT64_MAX - old_ts + cur_ts;
     }

     if (!delta) {
         return 0;
     }

     return muldiv64 (delta, sw->hw->info.freq, 1000000);
 }

 #undef TYPE
 #undef HW
 #undef SW
 #undef HWBUF
 #undef NAME
	/*
	* QEMU Audio subsystem header
	*
	* Copyright (c) 2005 Vassili Karpov (malc)
	*
	* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
	*
	* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
	* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
	*
	* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
	* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
	* THE SOFTWARE.
	*/

	#ifdef DAC
	#define NAME "playback"
	#define HWBUF hw->mix_buf
	#define TYPE out
	#define HW HWVoiceOut
	#define SW SWVoiceOut
	#else
	#define NAME "capture"
	#define TYPE in
	#define HW HWVoiceIn
	#define SW SWVoiceIn
	#define HWBUF hw->conv_buf
	#endif

	static void glue (audio_init_nb_voices_, TYPE) (struct audio_driver *drv)
	{
	AudioState *s = &glob_audio_state;
	int max_voices = glue (drv->max_voices_, TYPE);
	int voice_size = glue (drv->voice_size_, TYPE);

	if (glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE) > max_voices) {
	if (!max_voices) {
	#ifdef DAC
	dolog ("Driver `%s' does not support " NAME "\n", drv->name);
	#endif
	}
	else {
	dolog ("Driver `%s' does not support %d " NAME " voices, max %d\n",
	drv->name,
	glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE),
	max_voices);
	}
	glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE) = max_voices;
	}

	if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, !voice_size && max_voices)) {
	dolog ("drv=`%s' voice_size=0 max_voices=%d\n",
	drv->name, max_voices);
	glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE) = 0;
	}

	if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, voice_size && !max_voices)) {
	dolog ("drv=`%s' voice_size=%d max_voices=0\n",
	drv->name, voice_size);
	}
	}

	static void glue (audio_pcm_hw_free_resources_, TYPE) (HW *hw)
	{
	if (HWBUF) {
	qemu_free (HWBUF);
	}

	HWBUF = NULL;
	}

	static int glue (audio_pcm_hw_alloc_resources_, TYPE) (HW *hw)
	{
	HWBUF = audio_calloc (AUDIO_FUNC, hw->samples, sizeof (struct st_sample));
	if (!HWBUF) {
	dolog ("Could not allocate " NAME " buffer (%d samples)\n",
	hw->samples);
	return -1;
	}

	return 0;
	}

	static void glue (audio_pcm_sw_free_resources_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
	{
	if (sw->buf) {
	qemu_free (sw->buf);
	}

	if (sw->rate) {
	st_rate_stop (sw->rate);
	}

	sw->buf = NULL;
	sw->rate = NULL;
	}

	static int glue (audio_pcm_sw_alloc_resources_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
	{
	int samples;

	samples = ((int64_t) sw->hw->samples << 32) / sw->ratio;

	sw->buf = audio_calloc (AUDIO_FUNC, samples, sizeof (struct st_sample));
	if (!sw->buf) {
	dolog ("Could not allocate buffer for `%s' (%d samples)\n",
	SW_NAME (sw), samples);
	return -1;
	}

	#ifdef DAC
	sw->rate = st_rate_start (sw->info.freq, sw->hw->info.freq);
	#else
	sw->rate = st_rate_start (sw->hw->info.freq, sw->info.freq);
	#endif
	if (!sw->rate) {
	qemu_free (sw->buf);
	sw->buf = NULL;
	return -1;
	}
	return 0;
	}

	static int glue (audio_pcm_sw_init_, TYPE) (
	SW *sw,
	HW *hw,
	const char *name,
	struct audsettings *as
	)
	{
	int err;

	audio_pcm_init_info (&sw->info, as);
	sw->hw = hw;
	sw->active = 0;
	#ifdef DAC
	sw->ratio = ((int64_t) sw->hw->info.freq << 32) / sw->info.freq;
	sw->total_hw_samples_mixed = 0;
	sw->empty = 1;
	#else
	sw->ratio = ((int64_t) sw->info.freq << 32) / sw->hw->info.freq;
	#endif

	#ifdef DAC
	sw->conv = mixeng_conv
	#else
	sw->clip = mixeng_clip
	#endif
	[sw->info.nchannels == 2]
	[sw->info.sign]
	[sw->info.swap_endianness]
	[audio_bits_to_index (sw->info.bits)];

	sw->name = qemu_strdup (name);
	err = glue (audio_pcm_sw_alloc_resources_, TYPE) (sw);
	if (err) {
	qemu_free (sw->name);
	sw->name = NULL;
	}
	return err;
	}

	static void glue (audio_pcm_sw_fini_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
	{
	glue (audio_pcm_sw_free_resources_, TYPE) (sw);
	if (sw->name) {
	qemu_free (sw->name);
	sw->name = NULL;
	}
	}

	static void glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_sw_, TYPE) (HW hw, SW sw)
	{
	QLIST_INSERT_HEAD (&hw->sw_head, sw, entries);
	}

	static void glue (audio_pcm_hw_del_sw_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
	{
	QLIST_REMOVE (sw, entries);
	}

	static void glue (audio_pcm_hw_gc_, TYPE) (HW **hwp)
	{
	AudioState *s = &glob_audio_state;
	HW hw = hwp;

	if (!hw->sw_head.lh_first) {
	#ifdef DAC
	audio_detach_capture (hw);
	#endif
	QLIST_REMOVE (hw, entries);
	glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE) += 1;
	glue (audio_pcm_hw_free_resources_ ,TYPE) (hw);
	glue (hw->pcm_ops->fini_, TYPE) (hw);
	qemu_free (hw);
	*hwp = NULL;
	}
	}

	static HW glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_any_, TYPE) (HW hw)
	{
	AudioState *s = &glob_audio_state;
	return hw ? hw->entries.le_next : glue (s->hw_head_, TYPE).lh_first;
	}

	static HW glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_any_enabled_, TYPE) (HW hw)
	{
	while ((hw = glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_any_, TYPE) (hw))) {
	if (hw->enabled) {
	return hw;
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	static HW *glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_specific_, TYPE) (
	HW *hw,
	struct audsettings *as
	)
	{
	while ((hw = glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_any_, TYPE) (hw))) {
	if (audio_pcm_info_eq (&hw->info, as)) {
	return hw;
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	static HW glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_new_, TYPE) (struct audsettings as)
	{
	HW *hw;
	AudioState *s = &glob_audio_state;
	struct audio_driver *drv = s->drv;

	if (!glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE)) {
	return NULL;
	}

	if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, !drv)) {
	dolog ("No host audio driver\n");
	return NULL;
	}

	if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, !drv->pcm_ops)) {
	dolog ("Host audio driver without pcm_ops\n");
	return NULL;
	}

	hw = audio_calloc (AUDIO_FUNC, 1, glue (drv->voice_size_, TYPE));
	if (!hw) {
	dolog ("Can not allocate voice `%s' size %d\n",
	drv->name, glue (drv->voice_size_, TYPE));
	return NULL;
	}

	hw->pcm_ops = drv->pcm_ops;
	QLIST_INIT (&hw->sw_head);
	#ifdef DAC
	QLIST_INIT (&hw->cap_head);
	#endif
	if (glue (hw->pcm_ops->init_, TYPE) (hw, as)) {
	goto err0;
	}

	if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, hw->samples <= 0)) {
	dolog ("hw->samples=%d\n", hw->samples);
	goto err1;
	}

	#ifdef DAC
	hw->clip = mixeng_clip
	#else
	hw->conv = mixeng_conv
	#endif
	[hw->info.nchannels == 2]
	[hw->info.sign]
	[hw->info.swap_endianness]
	[audio_bits_to_index (hw->info.bits)];

	if (glue (audio_pcm_hw_alloc_resources_, TYPE) (hw)) {
	goto err1;
	}

	QLIST_INSERT_HEAD (&s->glue (hw_head_, TYPE), hw, entries);
	glue (s->nb_hw_voices_, TYPE) -= 1;
	#ifdef DAC
	audio_attach_capture (hw);
	#endif
	return hw;

	err1:
	glue (hw->pcm_ops->fini_, TYPE) (hw);
	err0:
	qemu_free (hw);
	return NULL;
	}

	static HW glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_, TYPE) (struct audsettings as)
	{
	HW *hw;

	if (glue (conf.fixed_, TYPE).enabled && glue (conf.fixed_, TYPE).greedy) {
	hw = glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_new_, TYPE) (as);
	if (hw) {
	return hw;
	}
	}

	hw = glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_specific_, TYPE) (NULL, as);
	if (hw) {
	return hw;
	}

	hw = glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_new_, TYPE) (as);
	if (hw) {
	return hw;
	}

	return glue (audio_pcm_hw_find_any_, TYPE) (NULL);
	}

	static SW *glue (audio_pcm_create_voice_pair_, TYPE) (
	const char *sw_name,
	struct audsettings *as
	)
	{
	SW *sw;
	HW *hw;
	struct audsettings hw_as;

	if (glue (conf.fixed_, TYPE).enabled) {
	hw_as = glue (conf.fixed_, TYPE).settings;
	}
	else {
	hw_as = *as;
	}

	sw = audio_calloc (AUDIO_FUNC, 1, sizeof (*sw));
	if (!sw) {
	dolog ("Could not allocate soft voice `%s' (%zu bytes)\n",
	sw_name ? sw_name : "unknown", sizeof (*sw));
	goto err1;
	}

	hw = glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_, TYPE) (&hw_as);
	if (!hw) {
	goto err2;
	}

	glue (audio_pcm_hw_add_sw_, TYPE) (hw, sw);

	if (glue (audio_pcm_sw_init_, TYPE) (sw, hw, sw_name, as)) {
	goto err3;
	}

	return sw;

	err3:
	glue (audio_pcm_hw_del_sw_, TYPE) (sw);
	glue (audio_pcm_hw_gc_, TYPE) (&hw);
	err2:
	qemu_free (sw);
	err1:
	return NULL;
	}

	static void glue (audio_close_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
	{
	glue (audio_pcm_sw_fini_, TYPE) (sw);
	glue (audio_pcm_hw_del_sw_, TYPE) (sw);
	glue (audio_pcm_hw_gc_, TYPE) (&sw->hw);
	qemu_free (sw);
	}

	void glue (AUD_close_, TYPE) (QEMUSoundCard card, SW sw)
	{
	if (sw) {
	if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, !card)) {
	dolog ("card=%p\n", card);
	return;
	}

	glue (audio_close_, TYPE) (sw);
	}
	}

	SW *glue (AUD_open_, TYPE) (
	QEMUSoundCard *card,
	SW *sw,
	const char *name,
	void *callback_opaque ,
	audio_callback_fn callback_fn,
	struct audsettings *as
	)
	{
	AudioState *s = &glob_audio_state;
	#ifdef DAC
	int live = 0;
	SW *old_sw = NULL;
	#endif

	ldebug ("open %s, freq %d, nchannels %d, fmt %d\n",
	name, as->freq, as->nchannels, as->fmt);

	if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, !card \|\| !name \|\| !callback_fn \|\| !as)) {
	dolog ("card=%p name=%p callback_fn=%p as=%p\n",
	card, name, callback_fn, as);
	goto fail;
	}

	if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, audio_validate_settings (as))) {
	audio_print_settings (as);
	goto fail;
	}

	if (audio_bug (AUDIO_FUNC, !s->drv)) {
	dolog ("Can not open `%s' (no host audio driver)\n", name);
	goto fail;
	}

	if (sw && audio_pcm_info_eq (&sw->info, as)) {
	return sw;
	}

	#ifdef DAC
	if (conf.plive && sw && (!sw->active && !sw->empty)) {
	live = sw->total_hw_samples_mixed;

	#ifdef DEBUG_PLIVE
	dolog ("Replacing voice %s with %d live samples\n", SW_NAME (sw), live);
	dolog ("Old %s freq %d, bits %d, channels %d\n",
	SW_NAME (sw), sw->info.freq, sw->info.bits, sw->info.nchannels);
	dolog ("New %s freq %d, bits %d, channels %d\n",
	name,
	as->freq,
	(as->fmt == AUD_FMT_S16 \|\| as->fmt == AUD_FMT_U16) ? 16 : 8,
	as->nchannels);
	#endif

	if (live) {
	old_sw = sw;
	old_sw->callback.fn = NULL;
	sw = NULL;
	}
	}
	#endif

	if (!glue (conf.fixed_, TYPE).enabled && sw) {
	glue (AUD_close_, TYPE) (card, sw);
	sw = NULL;
	}

	if (sw) {
	HW *hw = sw->hw;

	if (!hw) {
	dolog ("Internal logic error voice `%s' has no hardware store\n",
	SW_NAME (sw));
	goto fail;
	}

	glue (audio_pcm_sw_fini_, TYPE) (sw);
	if (glue (audio_pcm_sw_init_, TYPE) (sw, hw, name, as)) {
	goto fail;
	}
	}
	else {
	sw = glue (audio_pcm_create_voice_pair_, TYPE) (name, as);
	if (!sw) {
	dolog ("Failed to create voice `%s'\n", name);
	return NULL;
	}
	}

	sw->card = card;
	sw->vol = nominal_volume;
	sw->callback.fn = callback_fn;
	sw->callback.opaque = callback_opaque;

	#ifdef DAC
	if (live) {
	int mixed =
	(live << old_sw->info.shift)
	* old_sw->info.bytes_per_second
	/ sw->info.bytes_per_second;

	#ifdef DEBUG_PLIVE
	dolog ("Silence will be mixed %d\n", mixed);
	#endif
	sw->total_hw_samples_mixed += mixed;
	}
	#endif

	#ifdef DEBUG_AUDIO
	dolog ("%s\n", name);
	audio_pcm_print_info ("hw", &sw->hw->info);
	audio_pcm_print_info ("sw", &sw->info);
	#endif

	return sw;

	fail:
	glue (AUD_close_, TYPE) (card, sw);
	return NULL;
	}

	int glue (AUD_is_active_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
	{
	return sw ? sw->active : 0;
	}

	void glue (AUD_init_time_stamp_, TYPE) (SW sw, QEMUAudioTimeStamp ts)
	{
	if (!sw) {
	return;
	}

	ts->old_ts = sw->hw->ts_helper;
	}

	uint64_t glue (AUD_get_elapsed_usec_, TYPE) (SW sw, QEMUAudioTimeStamp ts)
	{
	uint64_t delta, cur_ts, old_ts;

	if (!sw) {
	return 0;
	}

	cur_ts = sw->hw->ts_helper;
	old_ts = ts->old_ts;
	/* dolog ("cur %" PRId64 " old %" PRId64 "\n", cur_ts, old_ts); */

	if (cur_ts >= old_ts) {
	delta = cur_ts - old_ts;
	}
	else {
	delta = UINT64_MAX - old_ts + cur_ts;
	}

	if (!delta) {
	return 0;
	}

	return muldiv64 (delta, sw->hw->info.freq, 1000000);
	}

	#undef TYPE
	#undef HW
	#undef SW
	#undef HWBUF
	#undef NAME