block/copy-before-write.c - qemu - Git at Google

 /*
  * copy-before-write filter driver
  *
  * The driver performs Copy-Before-Write (CBW) operation: it is injected above
  * some node, and before each write it copies _old_ data to the target node.
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Virtuozzo International GmbH.
  *
  * Author:
  *  Sementsov-Ogievskiy Vladimir <vsementsov@virtuozzo.com>
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  * (at your option) any later version.
  *
  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */

 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"

 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "block/block_int.h"
 #include "block/qdict.h"
 #include "block/block-copy.h"
 #include "block/dirty-bitmap.h"

 #include "block/copy-before-write.h"
 #include "block/reqlist.h"

 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"

 typedef struct BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState {
     BlockCopyState *bcs;
     BdrvChild *target;
     OnCbwError on_cbw_error;
     uint32_t cbw_timeout_ns;

     /*
      * @lock: protects access to @access_bitmap, @done_bitmap and
      * @frozen_read_reqs
      */
     CoMutex lock;

     /*
      * @access_bitmap: represents areas allowed for reading by fleecing user.
      * Reading from non-dirty areas leads to -EACCES.
      */
     BdrvDirtyBitmap *access_bitmap;

     /*
      * @done_bitmap: represents areas that was successfully copied to @target by
      * copy-before-write operations.
      */
     BdrvDirtyBitmap *done_bitmap;

     /*
      * @frozen_read_reqs: current read requests for fleecing user in bs->file
      * node. These areas must not be rewritten by guest.
      */
     BlockReqList frozen_read_reqs;

     /*
      * @snapshot_error is normally zero. But on first copy-before-write failure
      * when @on_cbw_error == ON_CBW_ERROR_BREAK_SNAPSHOT, @snapshot_error takes
      * value of this error (<0). After that all in-flight and further
      * snapshot-API requests will fail with that error.
      */
     int snapshot_error;
 } BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState;

 static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
 cbw_co_preadv(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
               QEMUIOVector *qiov, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
 {
     return bdrv_co_preadv(bs->file, offset, bytes, qiov, flags);
 }

 static void block_copy_cb(void *opaque)
 {
     BlockDriverState *bs = opaque;

     bdrv_dec_in_flight(bs);
 }

 /*
  * Do copy-before-write operation.
  *
  * On failure guest request must be failed too.
  *
  * On success, we also wait for all in-flight fleecing read requests in source
  * node, and it's guaranteed that after cbw_do_copy_before_write() successful
  * return there are no such requests and they will never appear.
  */
 static coroutine_fn int cbw_do_copy_before_write(BlockDriverState *bs,
         uint64_t offset, uint64_t bytes, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
 {
     BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;
     int ret;
     uint64_t off, end;
     int64_t cluster_size = block_copy_cluster_size(s->bcs);

     if (flags & BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED) {
         return 0;
     }

     if (s->snapshot_error) {
         return 0;
     }

     off = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(offset, cluster_size);
     end = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(offset + bytes, cluster_size);

     /*
      * Increase in_flight, so that in case of timed-out block-copy, the
      * remaining background block_copy() request (which can't be immediately
      * cancelled by timeout) is presented in bs->in_flight. This way we are
      * sure that on bs close() we'll previously wait for all timed-out but yet
      * running block_copy calls.
      */
     bdrv_inc_in_flight(bs);
     ret = block_copy(s->bcs, off, end - off, true, s->cbw_timeout_ns,
                      block_copy_cb, bs);
     if (ret < 0 && s->on_cbw_error == ON_CBW_ERROR_BREAK_GUEST_WRITE) {
         return ret;
     }

     WITH_QEMU_LOCK_GUARD(&s->lock) {
         if (ret < 0) {
             assert(s->on_cbw_error == ON_CBW_ERROR_BREAK_SNAPSHOT);
             if (!s->snapshot_error) {
                 s->snapshot_error = ret;
             }
         } else {
             bdrv_set_dirty_bitmap(s->done_bitmap, off, end - off);
         }
         reqlist_wait_all(&s->frozen_read_reqs, off, end - off, &s->lock);
     }

     return 0;
 }

 static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
 cbw_co_pdiscard(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes)
 {
     int ret = cbw_do_copy_before_write(bs, offset, bytes, 0);
     if (ret < 0) {
         return ret;
     }

     return bdrv_co_pdiscard(bs->file, offset, bytes);
 }

 static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
 cbw_co_pwrite_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
                      BdrvRequestFlags flags)
 {
     int ret = cbw_do_copy_before_write(bs, offset, bytes, flags);
     if (ret < 0) {
         return ret;
     }

     return bdrv_co_pwrite_zeroes(bs->file, offset, bytes, flags);
 }

 static coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
 int cbw_co_pwritev(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
                    QEMUIOVector *qiov, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
 {
     int ret = cbw_do_copy_before_write(bs, offset, bytes, flags);
     if (ret < 0) {
         return ret;
     }

     return bdrv_co_pwritev(bs->file, offset, bytes, qiov, flags);
 }

 static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK cbw_co_flush(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
     if (!bs->file) {
         return 0;
     }

     return bdrv_co_flush(bs->file->bs);
 }

 /*
  * If @offset not accessible - return NULL.
  *
  * Otherwise, set @pnum to some bytes that accessible from @file (@file is set
  * to bs->file or to s->target). Return newly allocated BlockReq object that
  * should be than passed to cbw_snapshot_read_unlock().
  *
  * It's guaranteed that guest writes will not interact in the region until
  * cbw_snapshot_read_unlock() called.
  */
 static coroutine_fn BlockReq *
 cbw_snapshot_read_lock(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
                        int64_t *pnum, BdrvChild **file)
 {
     BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;
     BlockReq *req = g_new(BlockReq, 1);
     bool done;

     QEMU_LOCK_GUARD(&s->lock);

     if (s->snapshot_error) {
         g_free(req);
         return NULL;
     }

     if (bdrv_dirty_bitmap_next_zero(s->access_bitmap, offset, bytes) != -1) {
         g_free(req);
         return NULL;
     }

     done = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_status(s->done_bitmap, offset, bytes, pnum);
     if (done) {
         /*
          * Special invalid BlockReq, that is handled in
          * cbw_snapshot_read_unlock(). We don't need to lock something to read
          * from s->target.
          */
         *req = (BlockReq) {.offset = -1, .bytes = -1};
         *file = s->target;
     } else {
         reqlist_init_req(&s->frozen_read_reqs, req, offset, bytes);
         *file = bs->file;
     }

     return req;
 }

 static coroutine_fn void
 cbw_snapshot_read_unlock(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockReq *req)
 {
     BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;

     if (req->offset == -1 && req->bytes == -1) {
         g_free(req);
         return;
     }

     QEMU_LOCK_GUARD(&s->lock);

     reqlist_remove_req(req);
     g_free(req);
 }

 static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
 cbw_co_preadv_snapshot(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
                        QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset)
 {
     BlockReq *req;
     BdrvChild *file;
     int ret;

     /* TODO: upgrade to async loop using AioTask */
     while (bytes) {
         int64_t cur_bytes;

         req = cbw_snapshot_read_lock(bs, offset, bytes, &cur_bytes, &file);
         if (!req) {
             return -EACCES;
         }

         ret = bdrv_co_preadv_part(file, offset, cur_bytes,
                                   qiov, qiov_offset, 0);
         cbw_snapshot_read_unlock(bs, req);
         if (ret < 0) {
             return ret;
         }

         bytes -= cur_bytes;
         offset += cur_bytes;
         qiov_offset += cur_bytes;
     }

     return 0;
 }

 static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
 cbw_co_snapshot_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs,
                              bool want_zero, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
                              int64_t *pnum, int64_t *map,
                              BlockDriverState **file)
 {
     BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;
     BlockReq *req;
     int ret;
     int64_t cur_bytes;
     BdrvChild *child;

     req = cbw_snapshot_read_lock(bs, offset, bytes, &cur_bytes, &child);
     if (!req) {
         return -EACCES;
     }

     ret = bdrv_block_status(child->bs, offset, cur_bytes, pnum, map, file);
     if (child == s->target) {
         /*
          * We refer to s->target only for areas that we've written to it.
          * And we can not report unallocated blocks in s->target: this will
          * break generic block-status-above logic, that will go to
          * copy-before-write filtered child in this case.
          */
         assert(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED);
     }

     cbw_snapshot_read_unlock(bs, req);

     return ret;
 }

 static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
 cbw_co_pdiscard_snapshot(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes)
 {
     BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;

     WITH_QEMU_LOCK_GUARD(&s->lock) {
         bdrv_reset_dirty_bitmap(s->access_bitmap, offset, bytes);
     }

     block_copy_reset(s->bcs, offset, bytes);

     return bdrv_co_pdiscard(s->target, offset, bytes);
 }

 static void cbw_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
     pstrcpy(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename),
             bs->file->bs->filename);
 }

 static void cbw_child_perm(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *c,
                            BdrvChildRole role,
                            BlockReopenQueue *reopen_queue,
                            uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared,
                            uint64_t *nperm, uint64_t *nshared)
 {
     if (!(role & BDRV_CHILD_FILTERED)) {
         /*
          * Target child
          *
          * Share write to target (child_file), to not interfere
          * with guest writes to its disk which may be in target backing chain.
          * Can't resize during a backup block job because we check the size
          * only upfront.
          */
         *nshared = BLK_PERM_ALL & ~BLK_PERM_RESIZE;
         *nperm = BLK_PERM_WRITE;
     } else {
         /* Source child */
         bdrv_default_perms(bs, c, role, reopen_queue,
                            perm, shared, nperm, nshared);

         if (!QLIST_EMPTY(&bs->parents)) {
             if (perm & BLK_PERM_WRITE) {
                 *nperm = *nperm | BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ;
             }
             *nshared &= ~(BLK_PERM_WRITE | BLK_PERM_RESIZE);
         }
     }
 }

 static BlockdevOptions *cbw_parse_options(QDict *options, Error **errp)
 {
     BlockdevOptions *opts = NULL;
     Visitor *v = NULL;

     qdict_put_str(options, "driver", "copy-before-write");

     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_flat_confused(options, errp);
     if (!v) {
         goto out;
     }

     visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &opts, errp);
     if (!opts) {
         goto out;
     }

     /*
      * Delete options which we are going to parse through BlockdevOptions
      * object for original options.
      */
     qdict_extract_subqdict(options, NULL, "bitmap");
     qdict_del(options, "on-cbw-error");
     qdict_del(options, "cbw-timeout");

 out:
     visit_free(v);
     qdict_del(options, "driver");

     return opts;
 }

 static int cbw_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
                     Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;
     BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = NULL;
     int64_t cluster_size;
     g_autoptr(BlockdevOptions) full_opts = NULL;
     BlockdevOptionsCbw *opts;
     int ret;

     full_opts = cbw_parse_options(options, errp);
     if (!full_opts) {
         return -EINVAL;
     }
     assert(full_opts->driver == BLOCKDEV_DRIVER_COPY_BEFORE_WRITE);
     opts = &full_opts->u.copy_before_write;

     ret = bdrv_open_file_child(NULL, options, "file", bs, errp);
     if (ret < 0) {
         return ret;
     }

     s->target = bdrv_open_child(NULL, options, "target", bs, &child_of_bds,
                                 BDRV_CHILD_DATA, false, errp);
     if (!s->target) {
         return -EINVAL;
     }

     if (opts->bitmap) {
         bitmap = block_dirty_bitmap_lookup(opts->bitmap->node,
                                            opts->bitmap->name, NULL, errp);
         if (!bitmap) {
             return -EINVAL;
         }
     }
     s->on_cbw_error = opts->has_on_cbw_error ? opts->on_cbw_error :
             ON_CBW_ERROR_BREAK_GUEST_WRITE;
     s->cbw_timeout_ns = opts->has_cbw_timeout ?
         opts->cbw_timeout * NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND : 0;

     bs->total_sectors = bs->file->bs->total_sectors;
     bs->supported_write_flags = BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED |
             (BDRV_REQ_FUA & bs->file->bs->supported_write_flags);
     bs->supported_zero_flags = BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED |
             ((BDRV_REQ_FUA | BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP | BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK) &
              bs->file->bs->supported_zero_flags);

     s->bcs = block_copy_state_new(bs->file, s->target, bitmap, errp);
     if (!s->bcs) {
         error_prepend(errp, "Cannot create block-copy-state: ");
         return -EINVAL;
     }

     cluster_size = block_copy_cluster_size(s->bcs);

     s->done_bitmap = bdrv_create_dirty_bitmap(bs, cluster_size, NULL, errp);
     if (!s->done_bitmap) {
         return -EINVAL;
     }
     bdrv_disable_dirty_bitmap(s->done_bitmap);

     /* s->access_bitmap starts equal to bcs bitmap */
     s->access_bitmap = bdrv_create_dirty_bitmap(bs, cluster_size, NULL, errp);
     if (!s->access_bitmap) {
         return -EINVAL;
     }
     bdrv_disable_dirty_bitmap(s->access_bitmap);
     bdrv_dirty_bitmap_merge_internal(s->access_bitmap,
                                      block_copy_dirty_bitmap(s->bcs), NULL,
                                      true);

     qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
     QLIST_INIT(&s->frozen_read_reqs);

     return 0;
 }

 static void cbw_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
     BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;

     bdrv_release_dirty_bitmap(s->access_bitmap);
     bdrv_release_dirty_bitmap(s->done_bitmap);

     block_copy_state_free(s->bcs);
     s->bcs = NULL;
 }

 BlockDriver bdrv_cbw_filter = {
     .format_name = "copy-before-write",
     .instance_size = sizeof(BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState),

     .bdrv_open                  = cbw_open,
     .bdrv_close                 = cbw_close,

     .bdrv_co_preadv             = cbw_co_preadv,
     .bdrv_co_pwritev            = cbw_co_pwritev,
     .bdrv_co_pwrite_zeroes      = cbw_co_pwrite_zeroes,
     .bdrv_co_pdiscard           = cbw_co_pdiscard,
     .bdrv_co_flush              = cbw_co_flush,

     .bdrv_co_preadv_snapshot       = cbw_co_preadv_snapshot,
     .bdrv_co_pdiscard_snapshot     = cbw_co_pdiscard_snapshot,
     .bdrv_co_snapshot_block_status = cbw_co_snapshot_block_status,

     .bdrv_refresh_filename      = cbw_refresh_filename,

     .bdrv_child_perm            = cbw_child_perm,

     .is_filter = true,
 };

 BlockDriverState *bdrv_cbw_append(BlockDriverState *source,
                                   BlockDriverState *target,
                                   const char *filter_node_name,
                                   BlockCopyState **bcs,
                                   Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *state;
     BlockDriverState *top;
     QDict *opts;

     assert(source->total_sectors == target->total_sectors);
     GLOBAL_STATE_CODE();

     opts = qdict_new();
     qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", "copy-before-write");
     if (filter_node_name) {
         qdict_put_str(opts, "node-name", filter_node_name);
     }
     qdict_put_str(opts, "file", bdrv_get_node_name(source));
     qdict_put_str(opts, "target", bdrv_get_node_name(target));

     top = bdrv_insert_node(source, opts, BDRV_O_RDWR, errp);
     if (!top) {
         return NULL;
     }

     state = top->opaque;
     *bcs = state->bcs;

     return top;
 }

 void bdrv_cbw_drop(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
     GLOBAL_STATE_CODE();
     bdrv_drop_filter(bs, &error_abort);
     bdrv_unref(bs);
 }

 static void cbw_init(void)
 {
     bdrv_register(&bdrv_cbw_filter);
 }

 block_init(cbw_init);
	/*
	* copy-before-write filter driver
	*
	* The driver performs Copy-Before-Write (CBW) operation: it is injected above
	* some node, and before each write it copies _old_ data to the target node.
	*
	* Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Virtuozzo International GmbH.
	*
	* Author:
	* Sementsov-Ogievskiy Vladimir <vsementsov@virtuozzo.com>
	*
	* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
	* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
	* (at your option) any later version.
	*
	* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	* GNU General Public License for more details.
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	*/

	#include "qemu/osdep.h"
	#include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"

	#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
	#include "qemu/cutils.h"
	#include "qapi/error.h"
	#include "block/block_int.h"
	#include "block/qdict.h"
	#include "block/block-copy.h"
	#include "block/dirty-bitmap.h"

	#include "block/copy-before-write.h"
	#include "block/reqlist.h"

	#include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"

	typedef struct BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState {
	BlockCopyState *bcs;
	BdrvChild *target;
	OnCbwError on_cbw_error;
	uint32_t cbw_timeout_ns;

	/*
	* @lock: protects access to @access_bitmap, @done_bitmap and
	* @frozen_read_reqs
	*/
	CoMutex lock;

	/*
	* @access_bitmap: represents areas allowed for reading by fleecing user.
	* Reading from non-dirty areas leads to -EACCES.
	*/
	BdrvDirtyBitmap *access_bitmap;

	/*
	* @done_bitmap: represents areas that was successfully copied to @target by
	* copy-before-write operations.
	*/
	BdrvDirtyBitmap *done_bitmap;

	/*
	* @frozen_read_reqs: current read requests for fleecing user in bs->file
	* node. These areas must not be rewritten by guest.
	*/
	BlockReqList frozen_read_reqs;

	/*
	* @snapshot_error is normally zero. But on first copy-before-write failure
	* when @on_cbw_error == ON_CBW_ERROR_BREAK_SNAPSHOT, @snapshot_error takes
	* value of this error (<0). After that all in-flight and further
	* snapshot-API requests will fail with that error.
	*/
	int snapshot_error;
	} BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState;

	static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
	cbw_co_preadv(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
	QEMUIOVector *qiov, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
	{
	return bdrv_co_preadv(bs->file, offset, bytes, qiov, flags);
	}

	static void block_copy_cb(void *opaque)
	{
	BlockDriverState *bs = opaque;

	bdrv_dec_in_flight(bs);
	}

	/*
	* Do copy-before-write operation.
	*
	* On failure guest request must be failed too.
	*
	* On success, we also wait for all in-flight fleecing read requests in source
	* node, and it's guaranteed that after cbw_do_copy_before_write() successful
	* return there are no such requests and they will never appear.
	*/
	static coroutine_fn int cbw_do_copy_before_write(BlockDriverState *bs,
	uint64_t offset, uint64_t bytes, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
	{
	BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;
	int ret;
	uint64_t off, end;
	int64_t cluster_size = block_copy_cluster_size(s->bcs);

	if (flags & BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED) {
	return 0;
	}

	if (s->snapshot_error) {
	return 0;
	}

	off = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(offset, cluster_size);
	end = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(offset + bytes, cluster_size);

	/*
	* Increase in_flight, so that in case of timed-out block-copy, the
	* remaining background block_copy() request (which can't be immediately
	* cancelled by timeout) is presented in bs->in_flight. This way we are
	* sure that on bs close() we'll previously wait for all timed-out but yet
	* running block_copy calls.
	*/
	bdrv_inc_in_flight(bs);
	ret = block_copy(s->bcs, off, end - off, true, s->cbw_timeout_ns,
	block_copy_cb, bs);
	if (ret < 0 && s->on_cbw_error == ON_CBW_ERROR_BREAK_GUEST_WRITE) {
	return ret;
	}

	WITH_QEMU_LOCK_GUARD(&s->lock) {
	if (ret < 0) {
	assert(s->on_cbw_error == ON_CBW_ERROR_BREAK_SNAPSHOT);
	if (!s->snapshot_error) {
	s->snapshot_error = ret;
	}
	} else {
	bdrv_set_dirty_bitmap(s->done_bitmap, off, end - off);
	}
	reqlist_wait_all(&s->frozen_read_reqs, off, end - off, &s->lock);
	}

	return 0;
	}

	static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
	cbw_co_pdiscard(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes)
	{
	int ret = cbw_do_copy_before_write(bs, offset, bytes, 0);
	if (ret < 0) {
	return ret;
	}

	return bdrv_co_pdiscard(bs->file, offset, bytes);
	}

	static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
	cbw_co_pwrite_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
	BdrvRequestFlags flags)
	{
	int ret = cbw_do_copy_before_write(bs, offset, bytes, flags);
	if (ret < 0) {
	return ret;
	}

	return bdrv_co_pwrite_zeroes(bs->file, offset, bytes, flags);
	}

	static coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
	int cbw_co_pwritev(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
	QEMUIOVector *qiov, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
	{
	int ret = cbw_do_copy_before_write(bs, offset, bytes, flags);
	if (ret < 0) {
	return ret;
	}

	return bdrv_co_pwritev(bs->file, offset, bytes, qiov, flags);
	}

	static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK cbw_co_flush(BlockDriverState *bs)
	{
	if (!bs->file) {
	return 0;
	}

	return bdrv_co_flush(bs->file->bs);
	}

	/*
	* If @offset not accessible - return NULL.
	*
	* Otherwise, set @pnum to some bytes that accessible from @file (@file is set
	* to bs->file or to s->target). Return newly allocated BlockReq object that
	* should be than passed to cbw_snapshot_read_unlock().
	*
	* It's guaranteed that guest writes will not interact in the region until
	* cbw_snapshot_read_unlock() called.
	*/
	static coroutine_fn BlockReq *
	cbw_snapshot_read_lock(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
	int64_t pnum, BdrvChild *file)
	{
	BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;
	BlockReq *req = g_new(BlockReq, 1);
	bool done;

	QEMU_LOCK_GUARD(&s->lock);

	if (s->snapshot_error) {
	g_free(req);
	return NULL;
	}

	if (bdrv_dirty_bitmap_next_zero(s->access_bitmap, offset, bytes) != -1) {
	g_free(req);
	return NULL;
	}

	done = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_status(s->done_bitmap, offset, bytes, pnum);
	if (done) {
	/*
	* Special invalid BlockReq, that is handled in
	* cbw_snapshot_read_unlock(). We don't need to lock something to read
	* from s->target.
	*/
	*req = (BlockReq) {.offset = -1, .bytes = -1};
	*file = s->target;
	} else {
	reqlist_init_req(&s->frozen_read_reqs, req, offset, bytes);
	*file = bs->file;
	}

	return req;
	}

	static coroutine_fn void
	cbw_snapshot_read_unlock(BlockDriverState bs, BlockReq req)
	{
	BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;

	if (req->offset == -1 && req->bytes == -1) {
	g_free(req);
	return;
	}

	QEMU_LOCK_GUARD(&s->lock);

	reqlist_remove_req(req);
	g_free(req);
	}

	static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
	cbw_co_preadv_snapshot(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
	QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset)
	{
	BlockReq *req;
	BdrvChild *file;
	int ret;

	/* TODO: upgrade to async loop using AioTask */
	while (bytes) {
	int64_t cur_bytes;

	req = cbw_snapshot_read_lock(bs, offset, bytes, &cur_bytes, &file);
	if (!req) {
	return -EACCES;
	}

	ret = bdrv_co_preadv_part(file, offset, cur_bytes,
	qiov, qiov_offset, 0);
	cbw_snapshot_read_unlock(bs, req);
	if (ret < 0) {
	return ret;
	}

	bytes -= cur_bytes;
	offset += cur_bytes;
	qiov_offset += cur_bytes;
	}

	return 0;
	}

	static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
	cbw_co_snapshot_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs,
	bool want_zero, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
	int64_t pnum, int64_t map,
	BlockDriverState **file)
	{
	BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;
	BlockReq *req;
	int ret;
	int64_t cur_bytes;
	BdrvChild *child;

	req = cbw_snapshot_read_lock(bs, offset, bytes, &cur_bytes, &child);
	if (!req) {
	return -EACCES;
	}

	ret = bdrv_block_status(child->bs, offset, cur_bytes, pnum, map, file);
	if (child == s->target) {
	/*
	* We refer to s->target only for areas that we've written to it.
	* And we can not report unallocated blocks in s->target: this will
	* break generic block-status-above logic, that will go to
	* copy-before-write filtered child in this case.
	*/
	assert(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED);
	}

	cbw_snapshot_read_unlock(bs, req);

	return ret;
	}

	static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
	cbw_co_pdiscard_snapshot(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes)
	{
	BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;

	WITH_QEMU_LOCK_GUARD(&s->lock) {
	bdrv_reset_dirty_bitmap(s->access_bitmap, offset, bytes);
	}

	block_copy_reset(s->bcs, offset, bytes);

	return bdrv_co_pdiscard(s->target, offset, bytes);
	}

	static void cbw_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
	{
	pstrcpy(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename),
	bs->file->bs->filename);
	}

	static void cbw_child_perm(BlockDriverState bs, BdrvChild c,
	BdrvChildRole role,
	BlockReopenQueue *reopen_queue,
	uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared,
	uint64_t nperm, uint64_t nshared)
	{
	if (!(role & BDRV_CHILD_FILTERED)) {
	/*
	* Target child
	*
	* Share write to target (child_file), to not interfere
	* with guest writes to its disk which may be in target backing chain.
	* Can't resize during a backup block job because we check the size
	* only upfront.
	*/
	*nshared = BLK_PERM_ALL & ~BLK_PERM_RESIZE;
	*nperm = BLK_PERM_WRITE;
	} else {
	/* Source child */
	bdrv_default_perms(bs, c, role, reopen_queue,
	perm, shared, nperm, nshared);

	if (!QLIST_EMPTY(&bs->parents)) {
	if (perm & BLK_PERM_WRITE) {
	nperm = nperm \| BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ;
	}
	*nshared &= ~(BLK_PERM_WRITE \| BLK_PERM_RESIZE);
	}
	}
	}

	static BlockdevOptions cbw_parse_options(QDict options, Error **errp)
	{
	BlockdevOptions *opts = NULL;
	Visitor *v = NULL;

	qdict_put_str(options, "driver", "copy-before-write");

	v = qobject_input_visitor_new_flat_confused(options, errp);
	if (!v) {
	goto out;
	}

	visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &opts, errp);
	if (!opts) {
	goto out;
	}

	/*
	* Delete options which we are going to parse through BlockdevOptions
	* object for original options.
	*/
	qdict_extract_subqdict(options, NULL, "bitmap");
	qdict_del(options, "on-cbw-error");
	qdict_del(options, "cbw-timeout");

	out:
	visit_free(v);
	qdict_del(options, "driver");

	return opts;
	}

	static int cbw_open(BlockDriverState bs, QDict options, int flags,
	Error **errp)
	{
	BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;
	BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = NULL;
	int64_t cluster_size;
	g_autoptr(BlockdevOptions) full_opts = NULL;
	BlockdevOptionsCbw *opts;
	int ret;

	full_opts = cbw_parse_options(options, errp);
	if (!full_opts) {
	return -EINVAL;
	}
	assert(full_opts->driver == BLOCKDEV_DRIVER_COPY_BEFORE_WRITE);
	opts = &full_opts->u.copy_before_write;

	ret = bdrv_open_file_child(NULL, options, "file", bs, errp);
	if (ret < 0) {
	return ret;
	}

	s->target = bdrv_open_child(NULL, options, "target", bs, &child_of_bds,
	BDRV_CHILD_DATA, false, errp);
	if (!s->target) {
	return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (opts->bitmap) {
	bitmap = block_dirty_bitmap_lookup(opts->bitmap->node,
	opts->bitmap->name, NULL, errp);
	if (!bitmap) {
	return -EINVAL;
	}
	}
	s->on_cbw_error = opts->has_on_cbw_error ? opts->on_cbw_error :
	ON_CBW_ERROR_BREAK_GUEST_WRITE;
	s->cbw_timeout_ns = opts->has_cbw_timeout ?
	opts->cbw_timeout * NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND : 0;

	bs->total_sectors = bs->file->bs->total_sectors;
	bs->supported_write_flags = BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED \|
	(BDRV_REQ_FUA & bs->file->bs->supported_write_flags);
	bs->supported_zero_flags = BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED \|
	((BDRV_REQ_FUA \| BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP \| BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK) &
	bs->file->bs->supported_zero_flags);

	s->bcs = block_copy_state_new(bs->file, s->target, bitmap, errp);
	if (!s->bcs) {
	error_prepend(errp, "Cannot create block-copy-state: ");
	return -EINVAL;
	}

	cluster_size = block_copy_cluster_size(s->bcs);

	s->done_bitmap = bdrv_create_dirty_bitmap(bs, cluster_size, NULL, errp);
	if (!s->done_bitmap) {
	return -EINVAL;
	}
	bdrv_disable_dirty_bitmap(s->done_bitmap);

	/* s->access_bitmap starts equal to bcs bitmap */
	s->access_bitmap = bdrv_create_dirty_bitmap(bs, cluster_size, NULL, errp);
	if (!s->access_bitmap) {
	return -EINVAL;
	}
	bdrv_disable_dirty_bitmap(s->access_bitmap);
	bdrv_dirty_bitmap_merge_internal(s->access_bitmap,
	block_copy_dirty_bitmap(s->bcs), NULL,
	true);

	qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
	QLIST_INIT(&s->frozen_read_reqs);

	return 0;
	}

	static void cbw_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
	{
	BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;

	bdrv_release_dirty_bitmap(s->access_bitmap);
	bdrv_release_dirty_bitmap(s->done_bitmap);

	block_copy_state_free(s->bcs);
	s->bcs = NULL;
	}

	BlockDriver bdrv_cbw_filter = {
	.format_name = "copy-before-write",
	.instance_size = sizeof(BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState),

	.bdrv_open = cbw_open,
	.bdrv_close = cbw_close,

	.bdrv_co_preadv = cbw_co_preadv,
	.bdrv_co_pwritev = cbw_co_pwritev,
	.bdrv_co_pwrite_zeroes = cbw_co_pwrite_zeroes,
	.bdrv_co_pdiscard = cbw_co_pdiscard,
	.bdrv_co_flush = cbw_co_flush,

	.bdrv_co_preadv_snapshot = cbw_co_preadv_snapshot,
	.bdrv_co_pdiscard_snapshot = cbw_co_pdiscard_snapshot,
	.bdrv_co_snapshot_block_status = cbw_co_snapshot_block_status,

	.bdrv_refresh_filename = cbw_refresh_filename,

	.bdrv_child_perm = cbw_child_perm,

	.is_filter = true,
	};

	BlockDriverState bdrv_cbw_append(BlockDriverState source,
	BlockDriverState *target,
	const char *filter_node_name,
	BlockCopyState **bcs,
	Error **errp)
	{
	BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *state;
	BlockDriverState *top;
	QDict *opts;

	assert(source->total_sectors == target->total_sectors);
	GLOBAL_STATE_CODE();

	opts = qdict_new();
	qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", "copy-before-write");
	if (filter_node_name) {
	qdict_put_str(opts, "node-name", filter_node_name);
	}
	qdict_put_str(opts, "file", bdrv_get_node_name(source));
	qdict_put_str(opts, "target", bdrv_get_node_name(target));

	top = bdrv_insert_node(source, opts, BDRV_O_RDWR, errp);
	if (!top) {
	return NULL;
	}

	state = top->opaque;
	*bcs = state->bcs;

	return top;
	}

	void bdrv_cbw_drop(BlockDriverState *bs)
	{
	GLOBAL_STATE_CODE();
	bdrv_drop_filter(bs, &error_abort);
	bdrv_unref(bs);
	}

	static void cbw_init(void)
	{
	bdrv_register(&bdrv_cbw_filter);
	}

	block_init(cbw_init);