diff --git a/Kconfig.host b/Kconfig.host
index a0d4a52..17f4050 100644
--- a/Kconfig.host
+++ b/Kconfig.host
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 
 config FDT
     bool
-    select DEVICE_TREE
 
 config VHOST_USER
     bool
diff --git a/hw/arm/Kconfig b/hw/arm/Kconfig
index 98c264e..8b97683 100644
--- a/hw/arm/Kconfig
+++ b/hw/arm/Kconfig
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
     select ACPI
     select ARM_SMMUV3
     select GPIO_KEY
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select FW_CFG_DMA
     select PCI_EXPRESS
     select PCI_EXPRESS_GENERIC_BRIDGE
@@ -265,6 +266,7 @@
     default y
     depends on TCG && AARCH64
     imply PCI_DEVICES
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select AHCI
     select ARM_SMMUV3
     select GPIO_KEY
@@ -347,6 +349,7 @@
     bool
     default y
     depends on TCG && ARM
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select A9MPCORE
     select A15MPCORE
     select ARM_MPTIMER
@@ -492,6 +495,7 @@
     select CPU_CLUSTER
     select DDC
     select DPCD
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select SDHCI
     select SSI
     select SSI_M25P80
@@ -509,6 +513,7 @@
     depends on TCG && AARCH64
     select ARM_GIC
     select CPU_CLUSTER
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select PL011
     select CADENCE
     select VIRTIO_MMIO
diff --git a/hw/i386/Kconfig b/hw/i386/Kconfig
index 40b1e44..f4a33b6 100644
--- a/hw/i386/Kconfig
+++ b/hw/i386/Kconfig
@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@
 config MICROVM
     bool
     default y
-    depends on I386
+    depends on I386 && FDT
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select SERIAL_ISA # for serial_hds_isa_init()
     select ISA_BUS
     select APIC
diff --git a/hw/loongarch/Kconfig b/hw/loongarch/Kconfig
index ad77502..90a0dba 100644
--- a/hw/loongarch/Kconfig
+++ b/hw/loongarch/Kconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 config LOONGARCH_VIRT
     bool
     default y
-    depends on LOONGARCH64
+    depends on LOONGARCH64 && FDT
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select PCI
     select PCI_EXPRESS_GENERIC_BRIDGE
     imply VIRTIO_VGA
diff --git a/hw/mips/Kconfig b/hw/mips/Kconfig
index 9bccb36..a7f26ed 100644
--- a/hw/mips/Kconfig
+++ b/hw/mips/Kconfig
@@ -80,9 +80,10 @@
 config MIPS_BOSTON
     bool
     default y
-    depends on MIPS64 && !TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN
+    depends on MIPS64 && !TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN && FDT
     imply PCI_DEVICES
     imply TEST_DEVICES
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select FITLOADER
     select MIPS_CPS
     select PCI_EXPRESS_XILINX
diff --git a/hw/openrisc/Kconfig b/hw/openrisc/Kconfig
index 9c9015e..76b953c 100644
--- a/hw/openrisc/Kconfig
+++ b/hw/openrisc/Kconfig
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
     bool
     default y
     depends on OPENRISC
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select SERIAL
     select OPENCORES_ETH
     select OMPIC
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@
     imply PCI_DEVICES
     imply VIRTIO_VGA
     imply TEST_DEVICES
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select PCI
     select PCI_EXPRESS_GENERIC_BRIDGE
     select GOLDFISH_RTC
diff --git a/hw/ppc/Kconfig b/hw/ppc/Kconfig
index 78f83e7..347212f 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/Kconfig
+++ b/hw/ppc/Kconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 config PSERIES
     bool
     default y
-    depends on PPC64
+    depends on PPC64 && FDT
     imply USB_OHCI_PCI
     imply PCI_DEVICES
     imply TEST_DEVICES
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 config POWERNV
     bool
     default y
-    depends on PPC64
+    depends on PPC64 && FDT
     imply PCI_DEVICES
     imply TEST_DEVICES
     select ISA_IPMI_BT
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 config PPC440
     bool
     default y
-    depends on PPC
+    depends on PPC && FDT
     imply PCI_DEVICES
     imply TEST_DEVICES
     imply E1000_PCI
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
 config SAM460EX
     bool
     default y
-    depends on PPC
+    depends on PPC && FDT
     select PFLASH_CFI01
     select IDE_SII3112
     select M41T80
@@ -168,19 +168,19 @@
 config E500PLAT
     bool
     default y
-    depends on PPC
+    depends on PPC && FDT
     select E500
 
 config MPC8544DS
     bool
     default y
-    depends on PPC
+    depends on PPC && FDT
     select E500
 
 config VIRTEX
     bool
     default y
-    depends on PPC
+    depends on PPC && FDT
     select PPC4XX
     select PFLASH_CFI01
     select SERIAL
@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@
     bool
 
 config FDT_PPC
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     bool
 
 config VOF
diff --git a/hw/riscv/Kconfig b/hw/riscv/Kconfig
index 5f5f9e3..a2030e3 100644
--- a/hw/riscv/Kconfig
+++ b/hw/riscv/Kconfig
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     depends on RISCV64
     select CADENCE_SDHCI
     select CPU_CLUSTER
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select MCHP_PFSOC_DMC
     select MCHP_PFSOC_IOSCB
     select MCHP_PFSOC_MMUART
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@
     imply VIRTIO_VGA
     imply TEST_DEVICES
     imply TPM_TIS_SYSBUS
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select RISCV_NUMA
     select GOLDFISH_RTC
     select PCI
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@
     depends on RISCV32 || RISCV64
     select CADENCE
     select CPU_CLUSTER
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select RISCV_ACLINT
     select SIFIVE_GPIO
     select SIFIVE_PDMA
@@ -99,6 +102,7 @@
     bool
     default y
     depends on RISCV32 || RISCV64
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select RISCV_NUMA
     select HTIF
     select RISCV_ACLINT
diff --git a/hw/rx/Kconfig b/hw/rx/Kconfig
index b2fa2b7..aa9242d 100644
--- a/hw/rx/Kconfig
+++ b/hw/rx/Kconfig
@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@
 config RX_GDBSIM
     bool
     default y
-    depends on RX
+    depends on RX && FDT
+    select DEVICE_TREE
     select RX62N_MCU
diff --git a/hw/xtensa/Kconfig b/hw/xtensa/Kconfig
index 443b415..8ea283a 100644
--- a/hw/xtensa/Kconfig
+++ b/hw/xtensa/Kconfig
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
     bool
     default y
     depends on XTENSA
+    imply DEVICE_TREE
     select OPENCORES_ETH
     select PFLASH_CFI01
     select SERIAL
diff --git a/target/arm/Kconfig b/target/arm/Kconfig
index 5847c5a..7f8a221 100644
--- a/target/arm/Kconfig
+++ b/target/arm/Kconfig
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
     # translate.c v7m helpers under ARM_V7M.
     select ARM_V7M if TCG
 
+    select DEVICE_TREE # needed by boot.c
+
 config AARCH64
     bool
     select ARM
diff --git a/target/microblaze/Kconfig b/target/microblaze/Kconfig
index a5410d9..e91d58d 100644
--- a/target/microblaze/Kconfig
+++ b/target/microblaze/Kconfig
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 config MICROBLAZE
     bool
+    select DEVICE_TREE # needed by boot.c
diff --git a/target/openrisc/Kconfig b/target/openrisc/Kconfig
index e0da4ac..cd66c2e 100644
--- a/target/openrisc/Kconfig
+++ b/target/openrisc/Kconfig
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 config OPENRISC
     bool
+    select DEVICE_TREE # needed by boot.c
diff --git a/target/riscv/Kconfig b/target/riscv/Kconfig
index adb7de3..5f30df2 100644
--- a/target/riscv/Kconfig
+++ b/target/riscv/Kconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 config RISCV32
     bool
     select ARM_COMPATIBLE_SEMIHOSTING # for do_common_semihosting()
+    select DEVICE_TREE # needed by boot.c
 
 config RISCV64
     bool
     select ARM_COMPATIBLE_SEMIHOSTING # for do_common_semihosting()
+    select DEVICE_TREE # needed by boot.c