qcow2: add support for LUKS encryption format
This adds support for using LUKS as an encryption format
with the qcow2 file, using the new encrypt.format parameter
to request "luks" format. e.g.
# qemu-img create --object secret,data=123456,id=sec0 \
-f qcow2 -o encrypt.format=luks,encrypt.key-secret=sec0 \
test.qcow2 10G
The legacy "encryption=on" parameter still results in
creation of the old qcow2 AES format (and is equivalent
to the new 'encryption-format=aes'). e.g. the following are
equivalent:
# qemu-img create --object secret,data=123456,id=sec0 \
-f qcow2 -o encryption=on,encrypt.key-secret=sec0 \
test.qcow2 10G
# qemu-img create --object secret,data=123456,id=sec0 \
-f qcow2 -o encryption-format=aes,encrypt.key-secret=sec0 \
test.qcow2 10G
With the LUKS format it is necessary to store the LUKS
partition header and key material in the QCow2 file. This
data can be many MB in size, so cannot go into the QCow2
header region directly. Thus the spec defines a FDE
(Full Disk Encryption) header extension that specifies
the offset of a set of clusters to hold the FDE headers,
as well as the length of that region. The LUKS header is
thus stored in these extra allocated clusters before the
main image payload.
Aside from all the cryptographic differences implied by
use of the LUKS format, there is one further key difference
between the use of legacy AES and LUKS encryption in qcow2.
For LUKS, the initialiazation vectors are generated using
the host physical sector as the input, rather than the
guest virtual sector. This guarantees unique initialization
vectors for all sectors when qcow2 internal snapshots are
used, thus giving stronger protection against watermarking
attacks.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20170623162419.26068-14-berrange@redhat.com
Reviewed-by: Alberto Garcia <berto@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
diff --git a/block/qcow2-cluster.c b/block/qcow2-cluster.c
index 71a5e0d..f06c08f 100644
--- a/block/qcow2-cluster.c
+++ b/block/qcow2-cluster.c
@@ -389,13 +389,16 @@
static bool coroutine_fn do_perform_cow_encrypt(BlockDriverState *bs,
uint64_t src_cluster_offset,
+ uint64_t cluster_offset,
unsigned offset_in_cluster,
uint8_t *buffer,
unsigned bytes)
{
if (bytes && bs->encrypted) {
BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
- int64_t sector = (src_cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster)
+ int64_t sector = (s->crypt_physical_offset ?
+ (cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster) :
+ (src_cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster))
>> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
assert((offset_in_cluster & ~BDRV_SECTOR_MASK) == 0);
assert((bytes & ~BDRV_SECTOR_MASK) == 0);
@@ -788,10 +791,11 @@
/* Encrypt the data if necessary before writing it */
if (bs->encrypted) {
- if (!do_perform_cow_encrypt(bs, m->offset, start->offset,
- start_buffer, start->nb_bytes) ||
- !do_perform_cow_encrypt(bs, m->offset, end->offset,
- end_buffer, end->nb_bytes)) {
+ if (!do_perform_cow_encrypt(bs, m->offset, m->alloc_offset,
+ start->offset, start_buffer,
+ start->nb_bytes) ||
+ !do_perform_cow_encrypt(bs, m->offset, m->alloc_offset,
+ end->offset, end_buffer, end->nb_bytes)) {
ret = -EIO;
goto fail;
}
diff --git a/block/qcow2-refcount.c b/block/qcow2-refcount.c
index 7c06061..81c22e6 100644
--- a/block/qcow2-refcount.c
+++ b/block/qcow2-refcount.c
@@ -1856,6 +1856,16 @@
return ret;
}
+ /* encryption */
+ if (s->crypto_header.length) {
+ ret = inc_refcounts(bs, res, refcount_table, nb_clusters,
+ s->crypto_header.offset,
+ s->crypto_header.length);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ return ret;
+ }
+ }
+
return check_refblocks(bs, res, fix, rebuild, refcount_table, nb_clusters);
}
diff --git a/block/qcow2.c b/block/qcow2.c
index 1c66ec1..7d1c5a3 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.c
+++ b/block/qcow2.c
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
#define QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_END 0
#define QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_BACKING_FORMAT 0xE2792ACA
#define QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_FEATURE_TABLE 0x6803f857
+#define QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_CRYPTO_HEADER 0x0537be77
static int qcow2_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
{
@@ -80,6 +81,86 @@
}
+static ssize_t qcow2_crypto_hdr_read_func(QCryptoBlock *block, size_t offset,
+ uint8_t *buf, size_t buflen,
+ void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+ BlockDriverState *bs = opaque;
+ BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+ ssize_t ret;
+
+ if ((offset + buflen) > s->crypto_header.length) {
+ error_setg(errp, "Request for data outside of extension header");
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file,
+ s->crypto_header.offset + offset, buf, buflen);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read encryption header");
+ return -1;
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+static ssize_t qcow2_crypto_hdr_init_func(QCryptoBlock *block, size_t headerlen,
+ void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+ BlockDriverState *bs = opaque;
+ BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+ int64_t ret;
+ int64_t clusterlen;
+
+ ret = qcow2_alloc_clusters(bs, headerlen);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
+ "Cannot allocate cluster for LUKS header size %zu",
+ headerlen);
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ s->crypto_header.length = headerlen;
+ s->crypto_header.offset = ret;
+
+ /* Zero fill remaining space in cluster so it has predictable
+ * content in case of future spec changes */
+ clusterlen = size_to_clusters(s, headerlen) * s->cluster_size;
+ ret = bdrv_pwrite_zeroes(bs->file,
+ ret + headerlen,
+ clusterlen - headerlen, 0);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not zero fill encryption header");
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+static ssize_t qcow2_crypto_hdr_write_func(QCryptoBlock *block, size_t offset,
+ const uint8_t *buf, size_t buflen,
+ void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+ BlockDriverState *bs = opaque;
+ BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+ ssize_t ret;
+
+ if ((offset + buflen) > s->crypto_header.length) {
+ error_setg(errp, "Request for data outside of extension header");
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file,
+ s->crypto_header.offset + offset, buf, buflen);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read encryption header");
+ return -1;
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
/*
* read qcow2 extension and fill bs
* start reading from start_offset
@@ -89,7 +170,7 @@
*/
static int qcow2_read_extensions(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t start_offset,
uint64_t end_offset, void **p_feature_table,
- Error **errp)
+ int flags, Error **errp)
{
BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
QCowExtension ext;
@@ -165,6 +246,47 @@
}
break;
+ case QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_CRYPTO_HEADER: {
+ unsigned int cflags = 0;
+ if (s->crypt_method_header != QCOW_CRYPT_LUKS) {
+ error_setg(errp, "CRYPTO header extension only "
+ "expected with LUKS encryption method");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ if (ext.len != sizeof(Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension)) {
+ error_setg(errp, "CRYPTO header extension size %u, "
+ "but expected size %zu", ext.len,
+ sizeof(Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension));
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, offset, &s->crypto_header, ext.len);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
+ "Unable to read CRYPTO header extension");
+ return ret;
+ }
+ be64_to_cpus(&s->crypto_header.offset);
+ be64_to_cpus(&s->crypto_header.length);
+
+ if ((s->crypto_header.offset % s->cluster_size) != 0) {
+ error_setg(errp, "Encryption header offset '%" PRIu64 "' is "
+ "not a multiple of cluster size '%u'",
+ s->crypto_header.offset, s->cluster_size);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (flags & BDRV_O_NO_IO) {
+ cflags |= QCRYPTO_BLOCK_OPEN_NO_IO;
+ }
+ s->crypto = qcrypto_block_open(s->crypto_opts,
+ qcow2_crypto_hdr_read_func,
+ bs, cflags, errp);
+ if (!s->crypto) {
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ } break;
+
default:
/* unknown magic - save it in case we need to rewrite the header */
{
@@ -464,7 +586,8 @@
.type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
.help = "Clean unused cache entries after this time (in seconds)",
},
- BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_DEF_QCOW_KEY_SECRET("encrypt."),
+ BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_DEF_KEY_SECRET("encrypt.",
+ "ID of secret providing qcow2 AES key or LUKS passphrase"),
{ /* end of list */ }
},
};
@@ -784,6 +907,19 @@
Q_CRYPTO_BLOCK_FORMAT_QCOW, encryptopts, errp);
break;
+ case QCOW_CRYPT_LUKS:
+ if (encryptfmt && !g_str_equal(encryptfmt, "luks")) {
+ error_setg(errp,
+ "Header reported 'luks' encryption format but "
+ "options specify '%s'", encryptfmt);
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto fail;
+ }
+ qdict_del(encryptopts, "format");
+ r->crypto_opts = block_crypto_open_opts_init(
+ Q_CRYPTO_BLOCK_FORMAT_LUKS, encryptopts, errp);
+ break;
+
default:
error_setg(errp, "Unsupported encryption method %d",
s->crypt_method_header);
@@ -977,7 +1113,7 @@
if (s->incompatible_features & ~QCOW2_INCOMPAT_MASK) {
void *feature_table = NULL;
qcow2_read_extensions(bs, header.header_length, ext_end,
- &feature_table, NULL);
+ &feature_table, flags, NULL);
report_unsupported_feature(errp, feature_table,
s->incompatible_features &
~QCOW2_INCOMPAT_MASK);
@@ -1009,12 +1145,6 @@
s->refcount_max = UINT64_C(1) << (s->refcount_bits - 1);
s->refcount_max += s->refcount_max - 1;
- if (header.crypt_method > QCOW_CRYPT_AES) {
- error_setg(errp, "Unsupported encryption method: %" PRIu32,
- header.crypt_method);
- ret = -EINVAL;
- goto fail;
- }
s->crypt_method_header = header.crypt_method;
if (s->crypt_method_header) {
if (bdrv_uses_whitelist() &&
@@ -1031,6 +1161,15 @@
goto fail;
}
+ if (s->crypt_method_header == QCOW_CRYPT_AES) {
+ s->crypt_physical_offset = false;
+ } else {
+ /* Assuming LUKS and any future crypt methods we
+ * add will all use physical offsets, due to the
+ * fact that the alternative is insecure... */
+ s->crypt_physical_offset = true;
+ }
+
bs->encrypted = true;
bs->valid_key = true;
}
@@ -1159,20 +1298,31 @@
/* read qcow2 extensions */
if (qcow2_read_extensions(bs, header.header_length, ext_end, NULL,
- &local_err)) {
+ flags, &local_err)) {
error_propagate(errp, local_err);
ret = -EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
- if (s->crypt_method_header == QCOW_CRYPT_AES) {
- unsigned int cflags = 0;
- if (flags & BDRV_O_NO_IO) {
- cflags |= QCRYPTO_BLOCK_OPEN_NO_IO;
- }
- s->crypto = qcrypto_block_open(s->crypto_opts, NULL, NULL,
- cflags, errp);
- if (!s->crypto) {
+ /* qcow2_read_extension may have set up the crypto context
+ * if the crypt method needs a header region, some methods
+ * don't need header extensions, so must check here
+ */
+ if (s->crypt_method_header && !s->crypto) {
+ if (s->crypt_method_header == QCOW_CRYPT_AES) {
+ unsigned int cflags = 0;
+ if (flags & BDRV_O_NO_IO) {
+ cflags |= QCRYPTO_BLOCK_OPEN_NO_IO;
+ }
+ s->crypto = qcrypto_block_open(s->crypto_opts, NULL, NULL,
+ cflags, errp);
+ if (!s->crypto) {
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto fail;
+ }
+ } else if (!(flags & BDRV_O_NO_IO)) {
+ error_setg(errp, "Missing CRYPTO header for crypt method %d",
+ s->crypt_method_header);
ret = -EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
@@ -1566,7 +1716,9 @@
assert((cur_bytes & (BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE - 1)) == 0);
Error *err = NULL;
if (qcrypto_block_decrypt(s->crypto,
- offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
+ (s->crypt_physical_offset ?
+ cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster :
+ offset) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
cluster_data,
cur_bytes,
&err) < 0) {
@@ -1700,7 +1852,10 @@
QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS * s->cluster_size);
qemu_iovec_to_buf(&hd_qiov, 0, cluster_data, hd_qiov.size);
- if (qcrypto_block_encrypt(s->crypto, offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
+ if (qcrypto_block_encrypt(s->crypto,
+ (s->crypt_physical_offset ?
+ cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster :
+ offset) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
cluster_data,
cur_bytes, &err) < 0) {
error_free(err);
@@ -2004,6 +2159,22 @@
buflen -= ret;
}
+ /* Full disk encryption header pointer extension */
+ if (s->crypto_header.offset != 0) {
+ cpu_to_be64s(&s->crypto_header.offset);
+ cpu_to_be64s(&s->crypto_header.length);
+ ret = header_ext_add(buf, QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_CRYPTO_HEADER,
+ &s->crypto_header, sizeof(s->crypto_header),
+ buflen);
+ be64_to_cpus(&s->crypto_header.offset);
+ be64_to_cpus(&s->crypto_header.length);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ goto fail;
+ }
+ buf += ret;
+ buflen -= ret;
+ }
+
/* Feature table */
if (s->qcow_version >= 3) {
Qcow2Feature features[] = {
@@ -2102,6 +2273,16 @@
return qcow2_update_header(bs);
}
+static int qcow2_crypt_method_from_format(const char *encryptfmt)
+{
+ if (g_str_equal(encryptfmt, "luks")) {
+ return QCOW_CRYPT_LUKS;
+ } else if (g_str_equal(encryptfmt, "aes")) {
+ return QCOW_CRYPT_AES;
+ } else {
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+}
static int qcow2_set_up_encryption(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *encryptfmt,
QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
@@ -2111,27 +2292,36 @@
QCryptoBlock *crypto = NULL;
int ret = -EINVAL;
QDict *options, *encryptopts;
+ int fmt;
options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
qdict_extract_subqdict(options, &encryptopts, "encrypt.");
QDECREF(options);
- if (!g_str_equal(encryptfmt, "aes")) {
- error_setg(errp, "Unknown encryption format '%s', expected 'aes'",
- encryptfmt);
- ret = -EINVAL;
- goto out;
+ fmt = qcow2_crypt_method_from_format(encryptfmt);
+
+ switch (fmt) {
+ case QCOW_CRYPT_LUKS:
+ cryptoopts = block_crypto_create_opts_init(
+ Q_CRYPTO_BLOCK_FORMAT_LUKS, encryptopts, errp);
+ break;
+ case QCOW_CRYPT_AES:
+ cryptoopts = block_crypto_create_opts_init(
+ Q_CRYPTO_BLOCK_FORMAT_QCOW, encryptopts, errp);
+ break;
+ default:
+ error_setg(errp, "Unknown encryption format '%s'", encryptfmt);
+ break;
}
- cryptoopts = block_crypto_create_opts_init(
- Q_CRYPTO_BLOCK_FORMAT_QCOW, encryptopts, errp);
if (!cryptoopts) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
- s->crypt_method_header = QCOW_CRYPT_AES;
+ s->crypt_method_header = fmt;
crypto = qcrypto_block_create(cryptoopts,
- NULL, NULL,
+ qcow2_crypto_hdr_init_func,
+ qcow2_crypto_hdr_write_func,
bs, errp);
if (!crypto) {
ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -3268,6 +3458,7 @@
const char *compat = NULL;
uint64_t cluster_size = s->cluster_size;
bool encrypt;
+ int encformat;
int refcount_bits = s->refcount_bits;
Error *local_err = NULL;
int ret;
@@ -3310,6 +3501,14 @@
error_report("Changing the encryption flag is not supported");
return -ENOTSUP;
}
+ } else if (!strcmp(desc->name, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT)) {
+ encformat = qcow2_crypt_method_from_format(
+ qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT));
+
+ if (encformat != s->crypt_method_header) {
+ error_report("Changing the encryption format is not supported");
+ return -ENOTSUP;
+ }
} else if (!strcmp(desc->name, BLOCK_OPT_CLUSTER_SIZE)) {
cluster_size = qemu_opt_get_size(opts, BLOCK_OPT_CLUSTER_SIZE,
cluster_size);
@@ -3530,9 +3729,16 @@
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT,
.type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
- .help = "Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'",
+ .help = "Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'",
},
- BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_DEF_QCOW_KEY_SECRET("encrypt."),
+ BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_DEF_KEY_SECRET("encrypt.",
+ "ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase"),
+ BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_DEF_LUKS_CIPHER_ALG("encrypt."),
+ BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_DEF_LUKS_CIPHER_MODE("encrypt."),
+ BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_DEF_LUKS_IVGEN_ALG("encrypt."),
+ BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_DEF_LUKS_IVGEN_HASH_ALG("encrypt."),
+ BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_DEF_LUKS_HASH_ALG("encrypt."),
+ BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_DEF_LUKS_ITER_TIME("encrypt."),
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_CLUSTER_SIZE,
.type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
diff --git a/block/qcow2.h b/block/qcow2.h
index 4b89610..84c9853 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.h
+++ b/block/qcow2.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
#define QCOW_CRYPT_NONE 0
#define QCOW_CRYPT_AES 1
+#define QCOW_CRYPT_LUKS 2
#define QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS 32
#define QCOW_MAX_SNAPSHOTS 65536
@@ -163,6 +164,11 @@
struct Qcow2Cache;
typedef struct Qcow2Cache Qcow2Cache;
+typedef struct Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension {
+ uint64_t offset;
+ uint64_t length;
+} QEMU_PACKED Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension;
+
typedef struct Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension {
uint32_t magic;
uint32_t len;
@@ -257,8 +263,11 @@
CoMutex lock;
+ Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension crypto_header; /* QCow2 header extension */
QCryptoBlockOpenOptions *crypto_opts; /* Disk encryption runtime options */
QCryptoBlock *crypto; /* Disk encryption format driver */
+ bool crypt_physical_offset; /* Whether to use virtual or physical offset
+ for encryption initialization vector tweak */
uint32_t crypt_method_header;
uint64_t snapshots_offset;
int snapshots_size;
diff --git a/qapi/block-core.json b/qapi/block-core.json
index 1f268ee..bb075c0 100644
--- a/qapi/block-core.json
+++ b/qapi/block-core.json
@@ -2325,7 +2325,7 @@
# Since: 2.10
##
{ 'enum': 'BlockdevQcow2EncryptionFormat',
- 'data': [ 'aes' ] }
+ 'data': [ 'aes', 'luks' ] }
##
# @BlockdevQcow2Encryption:
@@ -2335,7 +2335,8 @@
{ 'union': 'BlockdevQcow2Encryption',
'base': { 'format': 'BlockdevQcow2EncryptionFormat' },
'discriminator': 'format',
- 'data': { 'aes': 'QCryptoBlockOptionsQCow' } }
+ 'data': { 'aes': 'QCryptoBlockOptionsQCow',
+ 'luks': 'QCryptoBlockOptionsLUKS'} }
##
# @BlockdevOptionsQcow2:
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/082.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/082.out
index 3978db5..dbed67f 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/082.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/082.out
@@ -49,8 +49,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -64,8 +70,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -79,8 +91,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -94,8 +112,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -109,8 +133,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -124,8 +154,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -139,8 +175,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -154,8 +196,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -184,8 +232,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -248,8 +302,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -263,8 +323,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -278,8 +344,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -293,8 +365,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -308,8 +386,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -323,8 +407,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -338,8 +428,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -353,8 +449,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -383,8 +485,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -444,8 +552,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -459,8 +573,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -474,8 +594,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -489,8 +615,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -504,8 +636,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -519,8 +657,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -534,8 +678,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -549,8 +699,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
@@ -581,8 +737,14 @@
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
-encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'
-encrypt.key-secret ID of the secret that provides the AES encryption key
+encrypt.format Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
+encrypt.key-secret ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
+encrypt.cipher-alg Name of encryption cipher algorithm
+encrypt.cipher-mode Name of encryption cipher mode
+encrypt.ivgen-alg Name of IV generator algorithm
+encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg Name of IV generator hash algorithm
+encrypt.hash-alg Name of encryption hash algorithm
+encrypt.iter-time Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
lazy_refcounts Postpone refcount updates
