[loong64] Add initial support for LoongArch64
Add support for building a LoongArch64 Linux userspace binary.
Signed-off-by: Xiaotian Wu <wuxiaotian@loongson.cn>
Modified-by: Michael Brown <mcb30@ipxe.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Brown <mcb30@ipxe.org>
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/Makefile b/src/arch/loong64/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2dfc76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Assembler section type character
+#
+ASM_TCHAR := @
+ASM_TCHAR_OPS := @
+
+# LoongArch64-specific flags
+#
+CFLAGS += -fstrength-reduce -fomit-frame-pointer
+CFLAGS += -falign-jumps=1 -falign-loops=1 -falign-functions=1
+
+# Check if -mno-explicit-relocs is valid
+ifeq ($(CCTYPE),gcc)
+MNER_TEST = $(CC) -mno-explicit-relocs -x c -c /dev/null -o /dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1
+MNER_FLAGS := $(shell $(MNER_TEST) && $(ECHO) '-mno-explicit-relocs')
+WORKAROUND_CFLAGS += $(MNER_FLAGS)
+endif
+
+# EFI requires -fshort-wchar, and nothing else currently uses wchar_t
+CFLAGS += -fshort-wchar
+
+# LoongArch64-specific directories containing source files
+SRCDIRS += arch/loong64/core
+
+# Include platform-specific Makefile
+MAKEDEPS += arch/loong64/Makefile.$(PLATFORM)
+include arch/loong64/Makefile.$(PLATFORM)
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/Makefile.linux b/src/arch/loong64/Makefile.linux
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..992b371
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/Makefile.linux
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# -*- makefile -*- : Force emacs to use Makefile mode
+
+# Starting virtual address
+#
+LDFLAGS += -Ttext=0x120000000
+
+# Include generic Linux Makefile
+#
+MAKEDEPS += Makefile.linux
+include Makefile.linux
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/core/loong64_bigint.c b/src/arch/loong64/core/loong64_bigint.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f42b861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/core/loong64_bigint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 Michael Brown <mbrown@fensystems.co.uk>.
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, Xiaotian Wu <wuxiaotian@loongson.cn>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+ * License, or any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+ * 02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * You can also choose to distribute this program under the terms of
+ * the Unmodified Binary Distribution Licence (as given in the file
+ * COPYING.UBDL), provided that you have satisfied its requirements.
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ipxe/bigint.h>
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * Big integer support
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Multiply big integers
+ *
+ * @v multiplicand0 Element 0 of big integer to be multiplied
+ * @v multiplier0 Element 0 of big integer to be multiplied
+ * @v result0 Element 0 of big integer to hold result
+ * @v size Number of elements
+ */
+void bigint_multiply_raw ( const uint64_t *multiplicand0,
+ const uint64_t *multiplier0,
+ uint64_t *result0, unsigned int size ) {
+ const bigint_t ( size ) __attribute__ (( may_alias )) *multiplicand =
+ ( ( const void * ) multiplicand0 );
+ const bigint_t ( size ) __attribute__ (( may_alias )) *multiplier =
+ ( ( const void * ) multiplier0 );
+ bigint_t ( size * 2 ) __attribute__ (( may_alias )) *result =
+ ( ( void * ) result0 );
+ unsigned int i;
+ unsigned int j;
+ uint64_t multiplicand_element;
+ uint64_t multiplier_element;
+ uint64_t *result_elements;
+ uint64_t discard_low;
+ uint64_t discard_high;
+ uint64_t discard_temp_low;
+ uint64_t discard_temp_high;
+
+ /* Zero result */
+ memset ( result, 0, sizeof ( *result ) );
+
+ /* Multiply integers one element at a time */
+ for ( i = 0 ; i < size ; i++ ) {
+ multiplicand_element = multiplicand->element[i];
+ for ( j = 0 ; j < size ; j++ ) {
+ multiplier_element = multiplier->element[j];
+ result_elements = &result->element[ i + j ];
+ /* Perform a single multiply, and add the
+ * resulting double-element into the result,
+ * carrying as necessary. The carry can
+ * never overflow beyond the end of the
+ * result, since:
+ *
+ * a < 2^{n}, b < 2^{n} => ab < 2^{2n}
+ */
+ __asm__ __volatile__ ( "mul.d %1, %6, %7\n\t"
+ "mulh.du %2, %6, %7\n\t"
+
+ "ld.d %3, %0, 0\n\t"
+ "ld.d %4, %0, 8\n\t"
+
+ "add.d %3, %3, %1\n\t"
+ "sltu $t0, %3, %1\n\t"
+
+ "add.d %4, %4, %2\n\t"
+ "sltu $t1, %4, %2\n\t"
+
+ "add.d %4, %4, $t0\n\t"
+ "sltu $t0, %4, $t0\n\t"
+ "or $t0, $t0, $t1\n\t"
+
+ "st.d %3, %0, 0\n\t"
+ "st.d %4, %0, 8\n\t"
+
+ "addi.d %0, %0, 16\n\t"
+ "beqz $t0, 2f\n"
+ "1:\n\t"
+ "ld.d %3, %0, 0\n\t"
+ "add.d %3, %3, $t0\n\t"
+ "sltu $t0, %3, $t0\n\t"
+ "st.d %3, %0, 0\n\t"
+ "addi.d %0, %0, 8\n\t"
+ "bnez $t0, 1b\n"
+ "2:"
+ : "+r" ( result_elements ),
+ "=&r" ( discard_low ),
+ "=&r" ( discard_high ),
+ "=r" ( discard_temp_low ),
+ "=r" ( discard_temp_high ),
+ "+m" ( *result )
+ : "r" ( multiplicand_element ),
+ "r" ( multiplier_element )
+ : "t0", "t1" );
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/core/loong64_string.c b/src/arch/loong64/core/loong64_string.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..941b7e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/core/loong64_string.c
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 Michael Brown <mbrown@fensystems.co.uk>.
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, Xiaotian Wu <wuxiaotian@loongson.cn>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+ * License, or any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+ * 02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * You can also choose to distribute this program under the terms of
+ * the Unmodified Binary Distribution Licence (as given in the file
+ * COPYING.UBDL), provided that you have satisfied its requirements.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * Optimised string operations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+/**
+ * Copy memory area
+ *
+ * @v dest Destination address
+ * @v src Source address
+ * @v len Length
+ * @ret dest Destination address
+ */
+void loong64_memcpy ( void *dest, const void *src, size_t len ) {
+ void *discard_dest;
+ void *discard_end;
+ const void *discard_src;
+ size_t discard_offset;
+ unsigned long discard_data;
+ unsigned long discard_low;
+ unsigned long discard_high;
+
+ /* If length is too short, then just copy individual bytes.
+ */
+ if ( len < 16 ) {
+ __asm__ __volatile__ ( "beqz %0, 2f\n\t"
+ "\n1:\n\t"
+ "addi.d %0, %0, -1\n\t"
+ "ldx.b %1, %3, %0\n\t"
+ "stx.b %1, %2, %0\n\t"
+ "bnez %0, 1b\n\t"
+ "\n2:\n\t"
+ : "=&r" ( discard_offset ),
+ "=&r" ( discard_data )
+ : "r" ( dest ), "r" ( src ), "0" ( len )
+ : "memory", "t0" );
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* Copy 16 bytes at a time: one initial
+ * potentially unaligned access, multiple destination-aligned
+ * accesses, one final potentially unaligned access.
+ */
+ __asm__ __volatile__ ( "ld.d %3, %1, 0\n\t"
+ "ld.d %4, %1, 8\n\t"
+ "addi.d %1, %1, 16\n\t"
+ "st.d %3, %0, 0\n\t"
+ "st.d %4, %0, 8\n\t"
+ "addi.d %0, %0, 16\n\t"
+ "andi %3, %0, 15\n\t"
+ "sub.d %0, %0, %3\n\t"
+ "sub.d %1, %1, %3\n\t"
+ "addi.d $t0, $zero, 0xf\n\t"
+ "andn %2, %5, $t0\n\t"
+ "b 2f\n\t"
+ "\n1:\n\t"
+ "ld.d %3, %1, 0\n\t"
+ "ld.d %4, %1, 8\n\t"
+ "addi.d %1, %1, 16\n\t"
+ "st.d %3, %0, 0\n\t"
+ "st.d %4, %0, 8\n\t"
+ "addi.d %0, %0, 16\n\t"
+ "\n2:\n\t"
+ "bne %0, %2, 1b\n\t"
+ "ld.d %3, %6, -16\n\t"
+ "ld.d %4, %6, -8\n\t"
+ "st.d %3, %5, -16\n\t"
+ "st.d %4, %5, -8\n\t"
+ : "=&r" ( discard_dest ),
+ "=&r" ( discard_src ),
+ "=&r" ( discard_end ),
+ "=&r" ( discard_low ),
+ "=&r" ( discard_high )
+ : "r" ( dest + len ), "r" ( src + len ),
+ "0" ( dest ), "1" ( src )
+ : "memory", "t0" );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Zero memory region
+ *
+ * @v dest Destination region
+ * @v len Length
+ */
+void loong64_bzero ( void *dest, size_t len ) {
+ size_t discard_offset;
+ void *discard_dest;
+ void *discard_end;
+
+ /* If length is too short, then just zero individual bytes.
+ */
+ if ( len < 16 ) {
+ __asm__ __volatile__ ( "beqz %0, 2f\n\t"
+ "\n1:\n\t"
+ "addi.d %0, %0, -1\n\t"
+ "stx.b $zero, %1, %0\n\t"
+ "bnez %0, 1b\n\t"
+ "\n2:\n\t"
+ : "=&r" ( discard_offset )
+ : "r" ( dest ), "0" ( len )
+ : "memory" );
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* To zero 16 bytes at a time: one initial
+ * potentially unaligned access, multiple aligned accesses,
+ * one final potentially unaligned access.
+ */
+
+ __asm__ __volatile__ ( "st.d $zero, %0, 0\n\t"
+ "st.d $zero, %0, 8\n\t"
+ "addi.d %0, %0, 16\n\t"
+ "addi.w $t0, $zero, 15\n\t"
+ "andn %0, %0, $t0\n\t"
+ "addi.w $t0, $zero, 15\n\t"
+ "andn %1, %2, $t0\n\t"
+ "b 2f\n\t"
+ "\n1:\n\t"
+ "st.d $zero, %0, 0\n\t"
+ "st.d $zero, %0, 8\n\t"
+ "addi.d %0, %0, 16\n\t"
+ "\n2:\n\t"
+ "bne %0, %1, 1b\n\t"
+ "st.d $zero, %2, -16\n\t"
+ "st.d $zero, %2, -8\n\t"
+ : "=&r" ( discard_dest ),
+ "=&r" ( discard_end )
+ : "r" ( dest + len ), "0" ( dest )
+ : "memory", "t0" );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fill memory region
+ *
+ * @v dest Destination region
+ * @v len Length
+ * @v character Fill character
+ *
+ * The unusual parameter order is to allow for more efficient
+ * tail-calling to loong64_memset() when zeroing a region.
+ */
+void loong64_memset ( void *dest, size_t len, int character ) {
+ size_t discard_offset;
+
+ /* Use optimised zeroing code if applicable */
+ if ( character == 0 ) {
+ loong64_bzero ( dest, len );
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* Fill one byte at a time. Calling memset() with a non-zero
+ * value is relatively rare and unlikely to be
+ * performance-critical.
+ */
+ __asm__ __volatile__ ( "beqz %0, 2f\n\t"
+ "\n1:\n\t"
+ "addi.d %0, %0, -1\n\t"
+ "stx.b %2, %1, %0\n\t"
+ "bnez %0, 1b\n\t"
+ "\n2:\n\t"
+ : "=&r" ( discard_offset )
+ : "r" ( dest ), "r" ( character ), "0" ( len )
+ : "memory" );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Copy (possibly overlapping) memory region forwards
+ *
+ * @v dest Destination region
+ * @v src Source region
+ * @v len Length
+ */
+void loong64_memmove_forwards ( void *dest, const void *src, size_t len ) {
+ void *discard_dest;
+ const void *discard_src;
+ unsigned long discard_data;
+
+ /* Assume memmove() is not performance-critical, and perform a
+ * bytewise copy for simplicity.
+ */
+ __asm__ __volatile__ ( "b 2f\n\t"
+ "\n1:\n\t"
+ "ld.b %2, %1, 0\n\t"
+ "addi.d %1, %1, 1\n\t"
+ "st.b %2, %0, 0\n\t"
+ "addi.d %0, %0, 1\n\t"
+ "\n2:\n\t"
+ "bne %0, %3, 1b\n\t"
+ : "=&r" ( discard_dest ),
+ "=&r" ( discard_src ),
+ "=&r" ( discard_data )
+ : "r" ( dest + len ), "0" ( dest ), "1" ( src )
+ : "memory" );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Copy (possibly overlapping) memory region backwards
+ *
+ * @v dest Destination region
+ * @v src Source region
+ * @v len Length
+ */
+void loong64_memmove_backwards ( void *dest, const void *src, size_t len ) {
+ size_t discard_offset;
+ unsigned long discard_data;
+
+ /* Assume memmove() is not performance-critical, and perform a
+ * bytewise copy for simplicity.
+ */
+ __asm__ __volatile__ ( "beqz %0, 2f\n\t"
+ "\n1:\n\t"
+ "addi.d %0, %0, -1\n\t"
+ "ldx.b %1, %3, %0\n\t"
+ "stx.b %1, %2, %0\n\t"
+ "bnez %0, 1b\n\t"
+ "\n2:\n\t"
+ : "=&r" ( discard_offset ),
+ "=&r" ( discard_data )
+ : "r" ( dest ), "r" ( src ), "0" ( len )
+ : "memory" );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Copy (possibly overlapping) memory region
+ *
+ * @v dest Destination region
+ * @v src Source region
+ * @v len Length
+ */
+void loong64_memmove ( void *dest, const void *src, size_t len ) {
+
+ if ( dest <= src ) {
+ loong64_memmove_forwards ( dest, src, len );
+ } else {
+ loong64_memmove_backwards ( dest, src, len );
+ }
+}
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/core/setjmp.S b/src/arch/loong64/core/setjmp.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36ad1dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/core/setjmp.S
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL )
+
+ .section ".note.GNU-stack", "", %progbits
+ .text
+/*
+ int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
+*/
+ .globl setjmp
+ .type setjmp, %function
+setjmp:
+ /* Store registers */
+ st.d $s0, $a0, 0x0
+ st.d $s1, $a0, 0x8
+ st.d $s2, $a0, 0x10
+ st.d $s3, $a0, 0x18
+ st.d $s4, $a0, 0x20
+ st.d $s5, $a0, 0x28
+ st.d $s6, $a0, 0x30
+ st.d $s7, $a0, 0x38
+ st.d $s8, $a0, 0x40
+ st.d $fp, $a0, 0x48
+ st.d $sp, $a0, 0x50
+ st.d $ra, $a0, 0x58
+
+ move $a0, $zero
+ jirl $zero, $ra, 0
+ .size setjmp, . - setjmp
+
+/*
+ void longjmp(jmp_buf env, int val);
+*/
+ .globl longjmp
+ .type longjmp, %function
+longjmp:
+ /* Restore registers */
+ ld.d $s0, $a0, 0x0
+ ld.d $s1, $a0, 0x8
+ ld.d $s2, $a0, 0x10
+ ld.d $s3, $a0, 0x18
+ ld.d $s4, $a0, 0x20
+ ld.d $s5, $a0, 0x28
+ ld.d $s6, $a0, 0x30
+ ld.d $s7, $a0, 0x38
+ ld.d $s8, $a0, 0x40
+ ld.d $fp, $a0, 0x48
+ ld.d $sp, $a0, 0x50
+ ld.d $ra, $a0, 0x58
+ addi.d $a0, $zero, 1 # a0 = 1
+ beqz $a1, .exit # if (a1 == 0); goto L0
+ move $a0, $a1 # a0 = a1
+.exit:
+ jirl $zero, $ra, 0
+ .size longjmp, . - longjmp
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/acpi.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/acpi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83dd1df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/acpi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_ACPI_H
+#define _BITS_ACPI_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific ACPI API implementations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_ACPI_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/bigint.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/bigint.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89e0b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/bigint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_BIGINT_H
+#define _BITS_BIGINT_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * Big integer support
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <strings.h>
+
+/** Element of a big integer */
+typedef uint64_t bigint_element_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initialise big integer
+ *
+ * @v value0 Element 0 of big integer to initialise
+ * @v size Number of elements
+ * @v data Raw data
+ * @v len Length of raw data
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+bigint_init_raw ( uint64_t *value0, unsigned int size,
+ const void *data, size_t len ) {
+ size_t pad_len = ( sizeof ( bigint_t ( size ) ) - len );
+ uint8_t *value_byte = ( ( void * ) value0 );
+ const uint8_t *data_byte = ( data + len );
+
+ /* Copy raw data in reverse order, padding with zeros */
+ while ( len-- )
+ *(value_byte++) = *(--data_byte);
+ while ( pad_len-- )
+ *(value_byte++) = 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Add big integers
+ *
+ * @v addend0 Element 0 of big integer to add
+ * @v value0 Element 0 of big integer to be added to
+ * @v size Number of elements
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+bigint_add_raw ( const uint64_t *addend0, uint64_t *value0,
+ unsigned int size ) {
+ bigint_t ( size ) __attribute__ (( may_alias )) *value =
+ ( ( void * ) value0 );
+ uint64_t *discard_addend;
+ uint64_t *discard_value;
+ uint64_t discard_addend_i;
+ uint64_t discard_value_i;
+ unsigned int discard_size;
+ __asm__ __volatile__ ( "move $t0, $zero\n"
+ "1:\n\t"
+ "ld.d %3, %0, 0\n\t"
+ "addi.d %0, %0, 8\n\t"
+ "ld.d %4, %1, 0\n\t"
+
+ "add.d %4, %4, $t0\n\t"
+ "sltu $t0, %4, $t0\n\t"
+
+ "add.d %4, %4, %3\n\t"
+ "sltu $t1, %4, %3\n\t"
+
+ "or $t0, $t0, $t1\n\t"
+ "st.d %4, %1, 0\n\t"
+ "addi.d %1, %1, 8\n\t"
+ "addi.w %2, %2, -1\n\t"
+ "bnez %2, 1b"
+ : "=r" ( discard_addend ),
+ "=r" ( discard_value ),
+ "=r" ( discard_size ),
+ "=r" ( discard_addend_i ),
+ "=r" ( discard_value_i ),
+ "+m" ( *value )
+ : "0" ( addend0 ),
+ "1" ( value0 ),
+ "2" ( size )
+ : "t0", "t1" );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Subtract big integers
+ *
+ * @v subtrahend0 Element 0 of big integer to subtract
+ * @v value0 Element 0 of big integer to be subtracted from
+ * @v size Number of elements
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+bigint_subtract_raw ( const uint64_t *subtrahend0, uint64_t *value0,
+ unsigned int size ) {
+ uint64_t *discard_subtrahend;
+ uint64_t *discard_value;
+ uint64_t discard_subtrahend_i;
+ uint64_t discard_value_i;
+ unsigned int discard_size;
+ unsigned int flag = 0;
+
+ discard_subtrahend = (uint64_t*) subtrahend0;
+ discard_value = value0;
+ discard_size = size;
+
+ do {
+ discard_subtrahend_i = *discard_subtrahend;
+ discard_subtrahend++;
+ discard_value_i = *discard_value;
+
+ discard_value_i = discard_value_i - discard_subtrahend_i - flag;
+
+ if ( *discard_value < (discard_subtrahend_i + flag)) {
+ flag = 1;
+ } else {
+ flag = 0;
+ }
+
+ *discard_value = discard_value_i;
+
+ discard_value++;
+ discard_size -= 1;
+ } while (discard_size != 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rotate big integer left
+ *
+ * @v value0 Element 0 of big integer
+ * @v size Number of elements
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+bigint_rol_raw ( uint64_t *value0, unsigned int size ) {
+ uint64_t *discard_value;
+ uint64_t discard_value_i;
+ unsigned int discard_size;
+ uint64_t current_value_i;
+ unsigned int flag = 0;
+
+ discard_value = value0;
+ discard_size = size;
+ do {
+ discard_value_i = *discard_value;
+ current_value_i = discard_value_i;
+
+ discard_value_i += discard_value_i + flag;
+
+ if (discard_value_i < current_value_i) {
+ flag = 1;
+ } else {
+ flag = 0;
+ }
+
+ *discard_value = discard_value_i;
+ discard_value++;
+ discard_size -= 1;
+ } while ( discard_size != 0 );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rotate big integer right
+ *
+ * @v value0 Element 0 of big integer
+ * @v size Number of elements
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+bigint_ror_raw ( uint64_t *value0, unsigned int size ) {
+ uint64_t *discard_value;
+ uint64_t discard_value_i;
+ uint64_t discard_value_j;
+ unsigned int discard_size;
+
+ discard_value = value0;
+ discard_size = size;
+
+ discard_value_j = 0;
+
+ do {
+ discard_size -= 1;
+
+ discard_value_i = *(discard_value + discard_size);
+
+ discard_value_j = (discard_value_j << 63) | (discard_value_i >> 1);
+
+ *(discard_value + discard_size) = discard_value_j;
+
+ discard_value_j = discard_value_i;
+ } while ( discard_size > 0 );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test if big integer is equal to zero
+ *
+ * @v value0 Element 0 of big integer
+ * @v size Number of elements
+ * @ret is_zero Big integer is equal to zero
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline, pure )) int
+bigint_is_zero_raw ( const uint64_t *value0, unsigned int size ) {
+ const uint64_t *value = value0;
+ uint64_t value_i;
+
+ do {
+ value_i = *(value++);
+ if ( value_i )
+ break;
+ } while ( --size );
+
+ return ( value_i == 0 );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compare big integers
+ *
+ * @v value0 Element 0 of big integer
+ * @v reference0 Element 0 of reference big integer
+ * @v size Number of elements
+ * @ret geq Big integer is greater than or equal to the reference
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline, pure )) int
+bigint_is_geq_raw ( const uint64_t *value0, const uint64_t *reference0,
+ unsigned int size ) {
+ const uint64_t *value = ( value0 + size );
+ const uint64_t *reference = ( reference0 + size );
+ uint64_t value_i;
+ uint64_t reference_i;
+
+ do {
+ value_i = *(--value);
+ reference_i = *(--reference);
+ if ( value_i != reference_i )
+ break;
+ } while ( --size );
+
+ return ( value_i >= reference_i );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test if bit is set in big integer
+ *
+ * @v value0 Element 0 of big integer
+ * @v size Number of elements
+ * @v bit Bit to test
+ * @ret is_set Bit is set
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) int
+bigint_bit_is_set_raw ( const uint64_t *value0, unsigned int size,
+ unsigned int bit ) {
+ const bigint_t ( size ) __attribute__ (( may_alias )) *value =
+ ( ( const void * ) value0 );
+ unsigned int index = ( bit / ( 8 * sizeof ( value->element[0] ) ) );
+ unsigned int subindex = ( bit % ( 8 * sizeof ( value->element[0] ) ) );
+
+ return ( !! ( value->element[index] & ( 1UL << subindex ) ) );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find highest bit set in big integer
+ *
+ * @v value0 Element 0 of big integer
+ * @v size Number of elements
+ * @ret max_bit Highest bit set + 1 (or 0 if no bits set)
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) int
+bigint_max_set_bit_raw ( const uint64_t *value0, unsigned int size ) {
+ const uint64_t *value = ( value0 + size );
+ int max_bit = ( 8 * sizeof ( bigint_t ( size ) ) );
+ uint64_t value_i;
+
+ do {
+ value_i = *(--value);
+ max_bit -= ( 64 - fls ( value_i ) );
+ if ( value_i )
+ break;
+ } while ( --size );
+
+ return max_bit;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Grow big integer
+ *
+ * @v source0 Element 0 of source big integer
+ * @v source_size Number of elements in source big integer
+ * @v dest0 Element 0 of destination big integer
+ * @v dest_size Number of elements in destination big integer
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+bigint_grow_raw ( const uint64_t *source0, unsigned int source_size,
+ uint64_t *dest0, unsigned int dest_size ) {
+ unsigned int pad_size = ( dest_size - source_size );
+
+ memcpy ( dest0, source0, sizeof ( bigint_t ( source_size ) ) );
+ memset ( ( dest0 + source_size ), 0, sizeof ( bigint_t ( pad_size ) ) );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Shrink big integer
+ *
+ * @v source0 Element 0 of source big integer
+ * @v source_size Number of elements in source big integer
+ * @v dest0 Element 0 of destination big integer
+ * @v dest_size Number of elements in destination big integer
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+bigint_shrink_raw ( const uint64_t *source0, unsigned int source_size __unused,
+ uint64_t *dest0, unsigned int dest_size ) {
+
+ memcpy ( dest0, source0, sizeof ( bigint_t ( dest_size ) ) );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finalise big integer
+ *
+ * @v value0 Element 0 of big integer to finalise
+ * @v size Number of elements
+ * @v out Output buffer
+ * @v len Length of output buffer
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+bigint_done_raw ( const uint64_t *value0, unsigned int size __unused,
+ void *out, size_t len ) {
+ const uint8_t *value_byte = ( ( const void * ) value0 );
+ uint8_t *out_byte = ( out + len );
+
+ /* Copy raw data in reverse order */
+ while ( len-- )
+ *(--out_byte) = *(value_byte++);
+}
+
+extern void bigint_multiply_raw ( const uint64_t *multiplicand0,
+ const uint64_t *multiplier0,
+ uint64_t *value0, unsigned int size );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_BIGINT_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/bitops.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/bitops.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6dea29c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/bitops.h
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_BITOPS_H
+#define _BITS_BITOPS_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * loongArch bit operations
+ *
+ * We perform atomic bit set and bit clear operations using "ll"
+ * and "sc". We use the output constraint to inform the
+ * compiler that any memory from the start of the bit field up to and
+ * including the byte containing the bit may be modified. (This is
+ * overkill but shouldn't matter in practice since we're unlikely to
+ * subsequently read other bits from the same bit field.)
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/**
+ * Test and set bit atomically
+ *
+ * @v bit Bit to set
+ * @v bits Bit field
+ * @ret old Old value of bit (zero or non-zero)
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) int
+test_and_set_bit ( unsigned int bit, volatile void *bits ) {
+ unsigned int index = ( bit / 64 );
+ unsigned int offset = ( bit % 64 );
+ volatile uint64_t *qword = ( ( ( volatile uint64_t * ) bits ) + index );
+ uint64_t mask = ( 1UL << offset );
+ uint64_t old;
+ uint64_t new;
+
+ __asm__ __volatile__ ( "1: \n\t"
+ "ll.d %[old], %[qword] \n\t"
+ "or %[new], %[old], %[mask] \n\t"
+ "sc.d %[new], %[qword] \n\t"
+ "beqz %[new], 1b \n\t"
+ : [old] "=&r" ( old ),
+ [new] "=&r" ( new ),
+ [qword] "+m" ( *qword )
+ : [mask] "r" ( mask )
+ : "cc", "memory");
+ return ( !! ( old & mask ) );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test and clear bit atomically
+ *
+ * @v bit Bit to set
+ * @v bits Bit field
+ * @ret old Old value of bit (zero or non-zero)
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) int
+test_and_clear_bit ( unsigned int bit, volatile void *bits ) {
+ unsigned int index = ( bit / 64 );
+ unsigned int offset = ( bit % 64 );
+ volatile uint64_t *qword = ( ( ( volatile uint64_t * ) bits ) + index );
+ uint64_t mask = ( 1UL << offset );
+ uint64_t old;
+ uint64_t new;
+
+ __asm__ __volatile__ ( "1: \n\t"
+ "ll.d %[old], %[qword] \n\t"
+ "andn %[new], %[old], %[mask] \n\t"
+ "sc.d %[new], %[qword] \n\t"
+ "beqz %[new], 1b \n\t"
+ : [old] "=&r" ( old ),
+ [new] "=&r" ( new ),
+ [qword] "+m" ( *qword )
+ : [mask] "r" ( mask )
+ : "cc", "memory");
+ return ( !! ( old & mask ) );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set bit atomically
+ *
+ * @v bit Bit to set
+ * @v bits Bit field
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+set_bit ( unsigned int bit, volatile void *bits ) {
+
+ test_and_set_bit ( bit, bits );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clear bit atomically
+ *
+ * @v bit Bit to set
+ * @v bits Bit field
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+clear_bit ( unsigned int bit, volatile void *bits ) {
+
+ test_and_clear_bit ( bit, bits );
+}
+
+#endif /* _BITS_BITOPS_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/byteswap.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/byteswap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e22d09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/byteswap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_BYTESWAP_H
+#define _BITS_BYTESWAP_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * Byte-order swapping functions
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline, const )) uint16_t
+__bswap_variable_16 ( uint16_t x ) {
+ __asm__ ( "revb.2h %0, %1" : "=r" ( x ) : "r" ( x ) );
+ return x;
+}
+
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+__bswap_16s ( uint16_t *x ) {
+ *x = __bswap_variable_16 ( *x );
+}
+
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline, const )) uint32_t
+__bswap_variable_32 ( uint32_t x ) {
+ __asm__ ( "revb.2w %0, %1" : "=r" ( x ) : "r" ( x ) );
+ return x;
+}
+
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+__bswap_32s ( uint32_t *x ) {
+ *x = __bswap_variable_32 ( *x );
+}
+
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline, const )) uint64_t
+__bswap_variable_64 ( uint64_t x ) {
+ __asm__ ( "revb.d %0, %1" : "=r" ( x ) : "r" ( x ) );
+ return x;
+}
+
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void
+__bswap_64s ( uint64_t *x ) {
+ *x = __bswap_variable_64 ( *x );
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/compiler.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/compiler.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bdaf63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/compiler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_COMPILER_H
+#define _BITS_COMPILER_H
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+/** Dummy relocation type */
+#define RELOC_TYPE_NONE R_LARCH_NONE
+
+#ifndef ASSEMBLY
+
+/** Unprefixed constant operand modifier */
+#define ASM_NO_PREFIX "a"
+
+#define __asmcall
+#define __libgcc
+
+#endif /* ASSEMBLY */
+
+#endif /*_BITS_COMPILER_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/endian.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/endian.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85718cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/endian.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_ENDIAN_H
+#define _BITS_ENDIAN_H
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#define __BYTE_ORDER __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+
+#endif /* _BITS_ENDIAN_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/entropy.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/entropy.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d37269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/entropy.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_ENTROPY_H
+#define _BITS_ENTROPY_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific entropy API implementations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_ENTROPY_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/errfile.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/errfile.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e2c31b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/errfile.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_ERRFILE_H
+#define _BITS_ERRFILE_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific error file identifiers
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+/**
+ * @addtogroup errfile Error file identifiers
+ * @{
+ */
+
+/** @} */
+
+#endif /* _BITS_ERRFILE_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/hyperv.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/hyperv.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0e0c87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/hyperv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_HYPERV_H
+#define _BITS_HYPERV_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * Hyper-V interface
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_HYPERV_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/io.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20ca6a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_IO_H
+#define _BITS_IO_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific I/O API implementations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+/** Page shift */
+#define PAGE_SHIFT 12
+
+#endif /* _BITS_IO_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/iomap.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/iomap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..041171d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/iomap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_IOMAP_H
+#define _BITS_IOMAP_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific I/O mapping API implementations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_IOMAP_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/nap.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/nap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91e255d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/nap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_NAP_H
+#define _BITS_NAP_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific CPU sleeping API implementations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_MAP_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/pci_io.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/pci_io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdc5141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/pci_io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_PCI_IO_H
+#define _BITS_PCI_IO_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific PCI I/O API implementations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_PCI_IO_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/profile.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/profile.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f597ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/profile.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_PROFILE_H
+#define _BITS_PROFILE_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * Profiling
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/**
+ * Get profiling timestamp
+ *
+ * @ret timestamp Timestamp
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) uint64_t
+profile_timestamp ( void ) {
+ uint64_t cycles;
+
+ /* Read cycle counter */
+ __asm__ __volatile__ ( "rdtime.d %0, $zero\n\t" : "=r" ( cycles ) );
+ return cycles;
+}
+
+#endif /* _BITS_PROFILE_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/reboot.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/reboot.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96a1eb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/reboot.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_REBOOT_H
+#define _BITS_REBOOT_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific reboot API implementations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_REBOOT_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/sanboot.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/sanboot.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9205e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/sanboot.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_SANBOOT_H
+#define _BITS_SANBOOT_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific sanboot API implementations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_SANBOOT_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/smbios.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/smbios.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c87db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/smbios.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_SMBIOS_H
+#define _BITS_SMBIOS_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific SMBIOS API implementations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_SMBIOS_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/stdint.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/stdint.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe1f994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/stdint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_STDINT_H
+#define _BITS_STDINT_H
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+typedef __SIZE_TYPE__ size_t;
+typedef signed long ssize_t;
+typedef signed long off_t;
+
+typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
+typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
+typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
+typedef unsigned long long uint64_t;
+
+typedef signed char int8_t;
+typedef signed short int16_t;
+typedef signed int int32_t;
+typedef signed long long int64_t;
+
+typedef unsigned long physaddr_t;
+typedef unsigned long intptr_t;
+
+#endif /* _BITS_STDINT_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/string.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/string.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f54e258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/string.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_STRING_H
+#define _BITS_STRING_H
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * String functions
+ *
+ */
+
+extern void loong64_bzero ( void *dest, size_t len );
+extern void loong64_memset ( void *dest, size_t len, int character );
+extern void loong64_memcpy ( void *dest, const void *src, size_t len );
+extern void loong64_memmove_forwards ( void *dest, const void *src, size_t len );
+extern void loong64_memmove_backwards ( void *dest, const void *src, size_t len );
+extern void loong64_memmove ( void *dest, const void *src, size_t len );
+
+/**
+ * Fill memory region
+ *
+ * @v dest Destination region
+ * @v character Fill character
+ * @v len Length
+ * @ret dest Destination region
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void *
+memset ( void *dest, int character, size_t len ) {
+ loong64_memset ( dest, len, character );
+ return dest;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Copy memory region
+ *
+ * @v dest Destination region
+ * @v src Source region
+ * @v len Length
+ * @ret dest Destination region
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void *
+memcpy ( void *dest, const void *src, size_t len ) {
+ loong64_memcpy ( dest, src, len );
+ return dest;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Copy (possibly overlapping) memory region
+ *
+ * @v dest Destination region
+ * @v src Source region
+ * @v len Length
+ * @ret dest Destination region
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) void *
+memmove ( void *dest, const void *src, size_t len ) {
+ loong64_memmove ( dest, src, len );
+ return dest;
+}
+
+#endif /* _BITS_STRING_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/strings.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/strings.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e51977b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/strings.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_STRINGS_H
+#define _BITS_STRINGS_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * String functions
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+/**
+ * Find first (i.e. least significant) set bit
+ *
+ * @v value Value
+ * @ret lsb Least significant bit set in value (LSB=1), or zero
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) int __ffsll ( long long value ){
+ unsigned long long bits = value;
+ unsigned long long lsb;
+ unsigned int lz;
+
+ /* Extract least significant set bit */
+ lsb = ( bits & -bits );
+
+ /* Count number of leading zeroes before LSB */
+ __asm__ ( "clz.d %0, %1" : "=r" ( lz ) : "r" ( lsb ) );
+
+ return ( 64 - lz );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find first (i.e. least significant) set bit
+ *
+ * @v value Value
+ * @ret lsb Least significant bit set in value (LSB=1), or zero
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) int __ffsl ( long value ) {
+
+ return __ffsll ( value );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find last (i.e. most significant) set bit
+ *
+ * @v value Value
+ * @ret msb Most significant bit set in value (LSB=1), or zero
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) int __flsll ( long long value ){
+ unsigned int lz;
+
+ /* Count number of leading zeroes */
+ __asm__ ( "clz.d %0, %1" : "=r" ( lz ) : "r" ( value ) );
+
+ return ( 64 - lz );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find last (i.e. most significant) set bit
+ *
+ * @v value Value
+ * @ret msb Most significant bit set in value (LSB=1), or zero
+ */
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) int __flsl ( long value ) {
+
+ return __flsll ( value );
+}
+
+#endif /* _BITS_STRINGS_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/tcpip.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/tcpip.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc3c5b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/tcpip.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_TCPIP_H
+#define _BITS_TCPIP_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * Transport-network layer interface
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+static inline __attribute__ (( always_inline )) uint16_t
+tcpip_continue_chksum ( uint16_t partial, const void *data, size_t len ) {
+
+ /* Not yet optimised */
+ return generic_tcpip_continue_chksum ( partial, data, len );
+}
+
+#endif /* _BITS_TCPIP_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/time.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/time.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cd7485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/time.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_TIME_H
+#define _BITS_TIME_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific time API implementations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_TIME_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/uaccess.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/uaccess.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dddd9be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/uaccess.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_UACCESS_H
+#define _BITS_UACCESS_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific user access API implementations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_UACCESS_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/uart.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/uart.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f85975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/uart.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_UART_H
+#define _BITS_UART_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * 16550-compatible UART
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_UART_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/umalloc.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/umalloc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6978b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/umalloc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_UMALLOC_H
+#define _BITS_UMALLOC_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * LoongArch64-specific user memory allocation API implementations
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#endif /* _BITS_UMALLOC_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/xen.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/xen.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a3d774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/bits/xen.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef _BITS_XEN_H
+#define _BITS_XEN_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * Xen interface
+ *
+ */
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#include <ipxe/nonxen.h>
+
+#endif /* _BITS_XEN_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/gdbmach.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/gdbmach.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd152ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/gdbmach.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef GDBMACH_H
+#define GDBMACH_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * GDB architecture specifics
+ *
+ * This file declares functions for manipulating the machine state and
+ * debugging context.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef unsigned long gdbreg_t;
+
+/* Register snapshot */
+enum {
+ /* Not yet implemented */
+ GDBMACH_NREGS,
+};
+
+#define GDBMACH_SIZEOF_REGS ( GDBMACH_NREGS * sizeof ( gdbreg_t ) )
+
+static inline void gdbmach_set_pc ( gdbreg_t *regs, gdbreg_t pc ) {
+ /* Not yet implemented */
+ ( void ) regs;
+ ( void ) pc;
+}
+
+static inline void gdbmach_set_single_step ( gdbreg_t *regs, int step ) {
+ /* Not yet implemented */
+ ( void ) regs;
+ ( void ) step;
+}
+
+static inline void gdbmach_breakpoint ( void ) {
+ /* Not yet implemented */
+}
+
+extern int gdbmach_set_breakpoint ( int type, unsigned long addr, size_t len,
+ int enable );
+extern void gdbmach_init ( void );
+
+#endif /* GDBMACH_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/ipxe/efi/dhcparch.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/ipxe/efi/dhcparch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b6dae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/ipxe/efi/dhcparch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#ifndef _IPXE_EFI_DHCPARCH_H
+#define _IPXE_EFI_DHCPARCH_H
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * DHCP client architecture definitions
+ *
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#include <ipxe/dhcp.h>
+
+/** DHCP client architecture */
+#define DHCP_ARCH_CLIENT_ARCHITECTURE DHCP_CLIENT_ARCHITECTURE_LOONG64
+
+/** DHCP client network device interface */
+#define DHCP_ARCH_CLIENT_NDI 1 /* UNDI */ , 3, 10 /* v3.10 */
+
+#endif /* _IPXE_EFI_DHCPARCH_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/limits.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/limits.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d51f94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/limits.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#ifndef LIMITS_H
+#define LIMITS_H 1
+
+/* Number of bits in a `char' */
+#define CHAR_BIT 8
+
+/* Minimum and maximum values a `signed char' can hold */
+#define SCHAR_MIN (-128)
+#define SCHAR_MAX 127
+
+/* Maximum value an `unsigned char' can hold. (Minimum is 0.) */
+#define UCHAR_MAX 255
+
+/* Minimum and maximum values a `char' can hold */
+#define CHAR_MIN SCHAR_MIN
+#define CHAR_MAX SCHAR_MAX
+
+/* Minimum and maximum values a `signed short int' can hold */
+#define SHRT_MIN (-32768)
+#define SHRT_MAX 32767
+
+/* Maximum value an `unsigned short' can hold. (Minimum is 0.) */
+#define USHRT_MAX 65535
+
+/* Minimum and maximum values a `signed int' can hold */
+#define INT_MIN (-INT_MAX - 1)
+#define INT_MAX 2147483647
+
+/* Maximum value an `unsigned int' can hold. (Minimum is 0.) */
+#define UINT_MAX 4294967295U
+
+/* Minimum and maximum values a `signed int' can hold */
+#define INT_MAX 2147483647
+#define INT_MIN (-INT_MAX - 1)
+
+/* Maximum value an `unsigned int' can hold. (Minimum is 0.) */
+#define UINT_MAX 4294967295U
+
+/* Minimum and maximum values a `signed long' can hold */
+#define LONG_MAX 9223372036854775807L
+#define LONG_MIN (-LONG_MAX - 1L)
+
+/* Maximum value an `unsigned long' can hold. (Minimum is 0.) */
+#define ULONG_MAX 18446744073709551615UL
+
+/* Minimum and maximum values a `signed long long' can hold */
+#define LLONG_MAX 9223372036854775807LL
+#define LLONG_MIN (-LONG_MAX - 1LL)
+
+/* Maximum value an `unsigned long long' can hold. (Minimum is 0.) */
+#define ULLONG_MAX 18446744073709551615ULL
+
+#endif /* LIMITS_H */
diff --git a/src/arch/loong64/include/setjmp.h b/src/arch/loong64/include/setjmp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e51683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arch/loong64/include/setjmp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#ifndef _SETJMP_H
+#define _SETJMP_H
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/** jump buffer env*/
+typedef struct {
+ uint64_t s0;
+ uint64_t s1;
+ uint64_t s2;
+ uint64_t s3;
+ uint64_t s4;
+ uint64_t s5;
+ uint64_t s6;
+ uint64_t s7;
+ uint64_t s8;
+
+ uint64_t fp;
+ uint64_t sp;
+ uint64_t ra;
+} jmp_buf[1];
+
+extern int __asmcall __attribute__ (( returns_twice ))
+setjmp ( jmp_buf env );
+
+extern void __asmcall __attribute__ (( noreturn ))
+longjmp ( jmp_buf env, int val );
+
+#endif /* _SETJMP_H */
