/** @file
  Root include file for Mde Package Base type modules

  This is the include file for any module of type base. Base modules only use
  types defined via this include file and can be ported easily to any
  environment. There are a set of base libraries in the Mde Package that can
  be used to implement base modules.

Copyright (c) 2006 - 2021, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.<BR>
Portions copyright (c) 2008 - 2009, Apple Inc. All rights reserved.<BR>
SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-Patent

**/

#ifndef __BASE_H__
#define __BASE_H__

//
// Include processor specific binding
//
#include <ProcessorBind.h>

#if defined (_MSC_EXTENSIONS)
//
// Disable warning when last field of data structure is a zero sized array.
//
  #pragma warning ( disable : 4200 )
#endif

//
// The Microsoft* C compiler can removed references to unreferenced data items
//  if the /OPT:REF linker option is used. We defined a macro as this is a
//  a non standard extension
//
#if defined (_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1800 && !defined (MDE_CPU_EBC)
///
/// Remove global variable from the linked image if there are no references to
/// it after all compiler and linker optimizations have been performed.
///
///
#define GLOBAL_REMOVE_IF_UNREFERENCED  __declspec(selectany)
#else
///
/// Remove the global variable from the linked image if there are no references
///  to it after all compiler and linker optimizations have been performed.
///
///
#define GLOBAL_REMOVE_IF_UNREFERENCED
#endif

//
// Should be used in combination with NORETURN to avoid 'noreturn' returns
// warnings.
//
#ifndef UNREACHABLE
  #ifdef __GNUC__
///
/// Signal compilers and analyzers that this call is not reachable.  It is
/// up to the compiler to remove any code past that point.
///
#define UNREACHABLE()  __builtin_unreachable ()
  #elif defined (__has_feature)
    #if __has_builtin (__builtin_unreachable)
///
/// Signal compilers and analyzers that this call is not reachable.  It is
/// up to the compiler to remove any code past that point.
///
#define UNREACHABLE()  __builtin_unreachable ()
    #endif
  #endif

  #ifndef UNREACHABLE
///
/// Signal compilers and analyzers that this call is not reachable.  It is
/// up to the compiler to remove any code past that point.
///
#define UNREACHABLE()
  #endif
#endif

//
// Signaling compilers and analyzers that a certain function cannot return may
// remove all following code and thus lead to better optimization and less
// false positives.
//
#ifndef NORETURN
  #if defined (__GNUC__) || defined (__clang__)
///
/// Signal compilers and analyzers that the function cannot return.
/// It is up to the compiler to remove any code past a call to functions
/// flagged with this attribute.
///
#define NORETURN  __attribute__((noreturn))
  #elif defined (_MSC_EXTENSIONS) && !defined (MDE_CPU_EBC)
///
/// Signal compilers and analyzers that the function cannot return.
/// It is up to the compiler to remove any code past a call to functions
/// flagged with this attribute.
///
#define NORETURN  __declspec(noreturn)
  #else
///
/// Signal compilers and analyzers that the function cannot return.
/// It is up to the compiler to remove any code past a call to functions
/// flagged with this attribute.
///
#define NORETURN
  #endif
#endif

//
// Should be used in combination with ANALYZER_NORETURN to avoid 'noreturn'
// returns warnings.
//
#ifndef ANALYZER_UNREACHABLE
  #ifdef __clang_analyzer__
    #if __has_builtin (__builtin_unreachable)
///
/// Signal the analyzer that this call is not reachable.
/// This excludes compilers.
///
#define ANALYZER_UNREACHABLE()  __builtin_unreachable ()
    #endif
  #endif

  #ifndef ANALYZER_UNREACHABLE
///
/// Signal the analyzer that this call is not reachable.
/// This excludes compilers.
///
#define ANALYZER_UNREACHABLE()
  #endif
#endif

//
// Static Analyzers may issue errors about potential NULL-dereferences when
// dereferencing a pointer, that has been checked before, outside of a
// NULL-check.  This may lead to false positives, such as when using ASSERT()
// for verification.
//
#ifndef ANALYZER_NORETURN
  #ifdef __has_feature
    #if __has_feature (attribute_analyzer_noreturn)
///
/// Signal analyzers that the function cannot return.
/// This excludes compilers.
///
#define ANALYZER_NORETURN  __attribute__((analyzer_noreturn))
    #endif
  #endif

  #ifndef ANALYZER_NORETURN
///
/// Signal the analyzer that the function cannot return.
/// This excludes compilers.
///
#define ANALYZER_NORETURN
  #endif
#endif

///
/// Tell the code optimizer that the function will return twice.
/// This prevents wrong optimizations which can cause bugs.
///
#ifndef RETURNS_TWICE
  #if defined (__GNUC__) || defined (__clang__)
///
/// Tell the code optimizer that the function will return twice.
/// This prevents wrong optimizations which can cause bugs.
///
#define RETURNS_TWICE  __attribute__((returns_twice))
  #else
///
/// Tell the code optimizer that the function will return twice.
/// This prevents wrong optimizations which can cause bugs.
///
#define RETURNS_TWICE
  #endif
#endif

//
// For symbol name in assembly code, an extra "_" is sometimes necessary
//

///
/// Private worker functions for ASM_PFX()
///
#define _CONCATENATE(a, b)   __CONCATENATE(a, b)
#define __CONCATENATE(a, b)  a ## b

///
/// The __USER_LABEL_PREFIX__ macro predefined by GNUC represents the prefix
/// on symbols in assembly language.
///
#define ASM_PFX(name)  _CONCATENATE (__USER_LABEL_PREFIX__, name)

#ifdef __APPLE__
//
// Apple extension that is used by the linker to optimize code size
// with assembly functions. Put at the end of your .S files
//
#define ASM_FUNCTION_REMOVE_IF_UNREFERENCED  .subsections_via_symbols
#else
#define ASM_FUNCTION_REMOVE_IF_UNREFERENCED
#endif

#define PACKED

///
/// 128 bit buffer containing a unique identifier value.
/// Unless otherwise specified, aligned on a 64 bit boundary.
///
typedef struct {
  UINT32    Data1;
  UINT16    Data2;
  UINT16    Data3;
  UINT8     Data4[8];
} GUID;

///
/// 4-byte buffer. An IPv4 internet protocol address.
///
typedef struct {
  UINT8    Addr[4];
} IPv4_ADDRESS;

///
/// 16-byte buffer. An IPv6 internet protocol address.
///
typedef struct {
  UINT8    Addr[16];
} IPv6_ADDRESS;

//
// 8-bytes unsigned value that represents a physical system address.
//
typedef UINT64 PHYSICAL_ADDRESS;

///
/// LIST_ENTRY structure definition.
///
typedef struct _LIST_ENTRY LIST_ENTRY;

///
/// _LIST_ENTRY structure definition.
///
struct _LIST_ENTRY {
  LIST_ENTRY    *ForwardLink;
  LIST_ENTRY    *BackLink;
};

//
// Modifiers to abstract standard types to aid in debug of problems
//

///
/// Datum is read-only.
///
#define CONST  const

///
/// Datum is scoped to the current file or function.
///
#define STATIC  static

///
/// Undeclared type.
///
#define VOID  void

//
// Modifiers for Data Types used to self document code.
// This concept is borrowed for UEFI specification.
//

///
/// Datum is passed to the function.
///
#define IN

///
/// Datum is returned from the function.
///
#define OUT

///
/// Passing the datum to the function is optional, and a NULL
/// is passed if the value is not supplied.
///
#define OPTIONAL

//
//  UEFI specification claims 1 and 0. We are concerned about the
//  compiler portability so we did it this way.
//

///
/// Boolean true value.  UEFI Specification defines this value to be 1,
/// but this form is more portable.
///
#define TRUE  ((BOOLEAN)(1==1))

///
/// Boolean false value.  UEFI Specification defines this value to be 0,
/// but this form is more portable.
///
#define FALSE  ((BOOLEAN)(0==1))

///
/// NULL pointer (VOID *)
///
#if defined (__cplusplus)
  #if defined (_MSC_EXTENSIONS)
#define NULL  nullptr
  #else
#define NULL  __null
  #endif
#else
#define NULL  ((VOID *) 0)
#endif

//
// Null character
//
#define CHAR_NULL  0x0000

///
/// Maximum values for common UEFI Data Types
///
#define MAX_INT8    ((INT8)0x7F)
#define MAX_UINT8   ((UINT8)0xFF)
#define MAX_INT16   ((INT16)0x7FFF)
#define MAX_UINT16  ((UINT16)0xFFFF)
#define MAX_INT32   ((INT32)0x7FFFFFFF)
#define MAX_UINT32  ((UINT32)0xFFFFFFFF)
#define MAX_INT64   ((INT64)0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL)
#define MAX_UINT64  ((UINT64)0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL)

///
/// Minimum values for the signed UEFI Data Types
///
#define MIN_INT8   (((INT8)  -127) - 1)
#define MIN_INT16  (((INT16) -32767) - 1)
#define MIN_INT32  (((INT32) -2147483647) - 1)
#define MIN_INT64  (((INT64) -9223372036854775807LL) - 1)

#define  BIT0   0x00000001
#define  BIT1   0x00000002
#define  BIT2   0x00000004
#define  BIT3   0x00000008
#define  BIT4   0x00000010
#define  BIT5   0x00000020
#define  BIT6   0x00000040
#define  BIT7   0x00000080
#define  BIT8   0x00000100
#define  BIT9   0x00000200
#define  BIT10  0x00000400
#define  BIT11  0x00000800
#define  BIT12  0x00001000
#define  BIT13  0x00002000
#define  BIT14  0x00004000
#define  BIT15  0x00008000
#define  BIT16  0x00010000
#define  BIT17  0x00020000
#define  BIT18  0x00040000
#define  BIT19  0x00080000
#define  BIT20  0x00100000
#define  BIT21  0x00200000
#define  BIT22  0x00400000
#define  BIT23  0x00800000
#define  BIT24  0x01000000
#define  BIT25  0x02000000
#define  BIT26  0x04000000
#define  BIT27  0x08000000
#define  BIT28  0x10000000
#define  BIT29  0x20000000
#define  BIT30  0x40000000
#define  BIT31  0x80000000
#define  BIT32  0x0000000100000000ULL
#define  BIT33  0x0000000200000000ULL
#define  BIT34  0x0000000400000000ULL
#define  BIT35  0x0000000800000000ULL
#define  BIT36  0x0000001000000000ULL
#define  BIT37  0x0000002000000000ULL
#define  BIT38  0x0000004000000000ULL
#define  BIT39  0x0000008000000000ULL
#define  BIT40  0x0000010000000000ULL
#define  BIT41  0x0000020000000000ULL
#define  BIT42  0x0000040000000000ULL
#define  BIT43  0x0000080000000000ULL
#define  BIT44  0x0000100000000000ULL
#define  BIT45  0x0000200000000000ULL
#define  BIT46  0x0000400000000000ULL
#define  BIT47  0x0000800000000000ULL
#define  BIT48  0x0001000000000000ULL
#define  BIT49  0x0002000000000000ULL
#define  BIT50  0x0004000000000000ULL
#define  BIT51  0x0008000000000000ULL
#define  BIT52  0x0010000000000000ULL
#define  BIT53  0x0020000000000000ULL
#define  BIT54  0x0040000000000000ULL
#define  BIT55  0x0080000000000000ULL
#define  BIT56  0x0100000000000000ULL
#define  BIT57  0x0200000000000000ULL
#define  BIT58  0x0400000000000000ULL
#define  BIT59  0x0800000000000000ULL
#define  BIT60  0x1000000000000000ULL
#define  BIT61  0x2000000000000000ULL
#define  BIT62  0x4000000000000000ULL
#define  BIT63  0x8000000000000000ULL

#define  SIZE_1KB    0x00000400
#define  SIZE_2KB    0x00000800
#define  SIZE_4KB    0x00001000
#define  SIZE_8KB    0x00002000
#define  SIZE_16KB   0x00004000
#define  SIZE_32KB   0x00008000
#define  SIZE_64KB   0x00010000
#define  SIZE_128KB  0x00020000
#define  SIZE_256KB  0x00040000
#define  SIZE_512KB  0x00080000
#define  SIZE_1MB    0x00100000
#define  SIZE_2MB    0x00200000
#define  SIZE_4MB    0x00400000
#define  SIZE_8MB    0x00800000
#define  SIZE_16MB   0x01000000
#define  SIZE_32MB   0x02000000
#define  SIZE_64MB   0x04000000
#define  SIZE_128MB  0x08000000
#define  SIZE_256MB  0x10000000
#define  SIZE_512MB  0x20000000
#define  SIZE_1GB    0x40000000
#define  SIZE_2GB    0x80000000
#define  SIZE_4GB    0x0000000100000000ULL
#define  SIZE_8GB    0x0000000200000000ULL
#define  SIZE_16GB   0x0000000400000000ULL
#define  SIZE_32GB   0x0000000800000000ULL
#define  SIZE_64GB   0x0000001000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_128GB  0x0000002000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_256GB  0x0000004000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_512GB  0x0000008000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_1TB    0x0000010000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_2TB    0x0000020000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_4TB    0x0000040000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_8TB    0x0000080000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_16TB   0x0000100000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_32TB   0x0000200000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_64TB   0x0000400000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_128TB  0x0000800000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_256TB  0x0001000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_512TB  0x0002000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_1PB    0x0004000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_2PB    0x0008000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_4PB    0x0010000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_8PB    0x0020000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_16PB   0x0040000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_32PB   0x0080000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_64PB   0x0100000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_128PB  0x0200000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_256PB  0x0400000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_512PB  0x0800000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_1EB    0x1000000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_2EB    0x2000000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_4EB    0x4000000000000000ULL
#define  SIZE_8EB    0x8000000000000000ULL

#define  BASE_1KB    0x00000400
#define  BASE_2KB    0x00000800
#define  BASE_4KB    0x00001000
#define  BASE_8KB    0x00002000
#define  BASE_16KB   0x00004000
#define  BASE_32KB   0x00008000
#define  BASE_64KB   0x00010000
#define  BASE_128KB  0x00020000
#define  BASE_256KB  0x00040000
#define  BASE_512KB  0x00080000
#define  BASE_1MB    0x00100000
#define  BASE_2MB    0x00200000
#define  BASE_4MB    0x00400000
#define  BASE_8MB    0x00800000
#define  BASE_16MB   0x01000000
#define  BASE_32MB   0x02000000
#define  BASE_64MB   0x04000000
#define  BASE_128MB  0x08000000
#define  BASE_256MB  0x10000000
#define  BASE_512MB  0x20000000
#define  BASE_1GB    0x40000000
#define  BASE_2GB    0x80000000
#define  BASE_4GB    0x0000000100000000ULL
#define  BASE_8GB    0x0000000200000000ULL
#define  BASE_16GB   0x0000000400000000ULL
#define  BASE_32GB   0x0000000800000000ULL
#define  BASE_64GB   0x0000001000000000ULL
#define  BASE_128GB  0x0000002000000000ULL
#define  BASE_256GB  0x0000004000000000ULL
#define  BASE_512GB  0x0000008000000000ULL
#define  BASE_1TB    0x0000010000000000ULL
#define  BASE_2TB    0x0000020000000000ULL
#define  BASE_4TB    0x0000040000000000ULL
#define  BASE_8TB    0x0000080000000000ULL
#define  BASE_16TB   0x0000100000000000ULL
#define  BASE_32TB   0x0000200000000000ULL
#define  BASE_64TB   0x0000400000000000ULL
#define  BASE_128TB  0x0000800000000000ULL
#define  BASE_256TB  0x0001000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_512TB  0x0002000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_1PB    0x0004000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_2PB    0x0008000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_4PB    0x0010000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_8PB    0x0020000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_16PB   0x0040000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_32PB   0x0080000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_64PB   0x0100000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_128PB  0x0200000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_256PB  0x0400000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_512PB  0x0800000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_1EB    0x1000000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_2EB    0x2000000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_4EB    0x4000000000000000ULL
#define  BASE_8EB    0x8000000000000000ULL

//
//  Support for variable argument lists in freestanding edk2 modules.
//
//  For modules that use the ISO C library interfaces for variable
//  argument lists, refer to "StdLib/Include/stdarg.h".
//
//  VA_LIST  - typedef for argument list.
//  VA_START (VA_LIST Marker, argument before the ...) - Init Marker for use.
//  VA_END (VA_LIST Marker) - Clear Marker
//  VA_ARG (VA_LIST Marker, var arg type) - Use Marker to get an argument from
//    the ... list. You must know the type and pass it in this macro.  Type
//    must be compatible with the type of the actual next argument (as promoted
//    according to the default argument promotions.)
//  VA_COPY (VA_LIST Dest, VA_LIST Start) - Initialize Dest as a copy of Start.
//
//  Example:
//
//  UINTN
//  EFIAPI
//  ExampleVarArg (
//    IN UINTN  NumberOfArgs,
//    ...
//    )
//  {
//    VA_LIST Marker;
//    UINTN   Index;
//    UINTN   Result;
//
//    //
//    // Initialize the Marker
//    //
//    VA_START (Marker, NumberOfArgs);
//    for (Index = 0, Result = 0; Index < NumberOfArgs; Index++) {
//      //
//      // The ... list is a series of UINTN values, so sum them up.
//      //
//      Result += VA_ARG (Marker, UINTN);
//    }
//
//    VA_END (Marker);
//    return Result;
//  }
//
//  Notes:
//  - Functions that call VA_START() / VA_END() must have a variable
//    argument list and must be declared EFIAPI.
//  - Functions that call VA_COPY() / VA_END() must be declared EFIAPI.
//  - Functions that only use VA_LIST and VA_ARG() need not be EFIAPI.
//

/**
  Return the size of argument that has been aligned to sizeof (UINTN).

  @param  n    The parameter size to be aligned.

  @return The aligned size.
**/
#define _INT_SIZE_OF(n)  ((sizeof (n) + sizeof (UINTN) - 1) &~(sizeof (UINTN) - 1))

#if defined (_M_ARM) || defined (_M_ARM64)
//
// MSFT ARM variable argument list support.
//

typedef char *VA_LIST;

#define VA_START(Marker, Parameter)  __va_start (&Marker, &Parameter, _INT_SIZE_OF (Parameter), __alignof(Parameter), &Parameter)
#define VA_ARG(Marker, TYPE)         (*(TYPE *) ((Marker += _INT_SIZE_OF (TYPE) + ((-(INTN)Marker) & (sizeof(TYPE) - 1))) - _INT_SIZE_OF (TYPE)))
#define VA_END(Marker)               (Marker = (VA_LIST) 0)
#define VA_COPY(Dest, Start)         ((void)((Dest) = (Start)))

#elif defined (__GNUC__) || defined (__clang__)

  #if defined (MDE_CPU_X64) && !defined (NO_MSABI_VA_FUNCS)
//
// X64 only. Use MS ABI version of GCC built-in macros for variable argument lists.
//
///
/// Both GCC and LLVM 3.8 for X64 support new variable argument intrinsics for Microsoft ABI
///

///
/// Variable used to traverse the list of arguments. This type can vary by
/// implementation and could be an array or structure.
///
typedef __builtin_ms_va_list VA_LIST;

#define VA_START(Marker, Parameter)  __builtin_ms_va_start (Marker, Parameter)

#define VA_ARG(Marker, TYPE)  ((sizeof (TYPE) < sizeof (UINTN)) ? (TYPE)(__builtin_va_arg (Marker, UINTN)) : (TYPE)(__builtin_va_arg (Marker, TYPE)))

#define VA_END(Marker)  __builtin_ms_va_end (Marker)

#define VA_COPY(Dest, Start)  __builtin_ms_va_copy (Dest, Start)

  #else
//
// Use GCC built-in macros for variable argument lists.
//

///
/// Variable used to traverse the list of arguments. This type can vary by
/// implementation and could be an array or structure.
///
typedef __builtin_va_list VA_LIST;

#define VA_START(Marker, Parameter)  __builtin_va_start (Marker, Parameter)

#define VA_ARG(Marker, TYPE)  ((sizeof (TYPE) < sizeof (UINTN)) ? (TYPE)(__builtin_va_arg (Marker, UINTN)) : (TYPE)(__builtin_va_arg (Marker, TYPE)))

#define VA_END(Marker)  __builtin_va_end (Marker)

#define VA_COPY(Dest, Start)  __builtin_va_copy (Dest, Start)

  #endif

#else
///
/// Variable used to traverse the list of arguments. This type can vary by
/// implementation and could be an array or structure.
///
typedef CHAR8 *VA_LIST;

/**
  Retrieves a pointer to the beginning of a variable argument list, based on
  the name of the parameter that immediately precedes the variable argument list.

  This function initializes Marker to point to the beginning of the variable
  argument list that immediately follows Parameter.  The method for computing the
  pointer to the next argument in the argument list is CPU-specific following the
  EFIAPI ABI.

  @param   Marker       The VA_LIST used to traverse the list of arguments.
  @param   Parameter    The name of the parameter that immediately precedes
                        the variable argument list.

  @return  A pointer to the beginning of a variable argument list.

**/
#define VA_START(Marker, Parameter)  (Marker = (VA_LIST) ((UINTN) & (Parameter) + _INT_SIZE_OF (Parameter)))

/**
  Returns an argument of a specified type from a variable argument list and updates
  the pointer to the variable argument list to point to the next argument.

  This function returns an argument of the type specified by TYPE from the beginning
  of the variable argument list specified by Marker.  Marker is then updated to point
  to the next argument in the variable argument list.  The method for computing the
  pointer to the next argument in the argument list is CPU-specific following the EFIAPI ABI.

  @param   Marker   VA_LIST used to traverse the list of arguments.
  @param   TYPE     The type of argument to retrieve from the beginning
                    of the variable argument list.

  @return  An argument of the type specified by TYPE.

**/
#define VA_ARG(Marker, TYPE)  (*(TYPE *) ((Marker += _INT_SIZE_OF (TYPE)) - _INT_SIZE_OF (TYPE)))

/**
  Terminates the use of a variable argument list.

  This function initializes Marker so it can no longer be used with VA_ARG().
  After this macro is used, the only way to access the variable argument list is
  by using VA_START() again.

  @param   Marker   VA_LIST used to traverse the list of arguments.

**/
#define VA_END(Marker)  (Marker = (VA_LIST) 0)

/**
  Initializes a VA_LIST as a copy of an existing VA_LIST.

  This macro initializes Dest as a copy of Start, as if the VA_START macro had been applied to Dest
  followed by the same sequence of uses of the VA_ARG macro as had previously been used to reach
  the present state of Start.

  @param   Dest   VA_LIST used to traverse the list of arguments.
  @param   Start  VA_LIST used to traverse the list of arguments.

**/
#define VA_COPY(Dest, Start)  ((void)((Dest) = (Start)))

#endif

///
/// Pointer to the start of a variable argument list stored in a memory buffer. Same as UINT8 *.
///
typedef UINTN *BASE_LIST;

/**
  Returns the size of a data type in sizeof(UINTN) units rounded up to the nearest UINTN boundary.

  @param  TYPE  The date type to determine the size of.

  @return The size of TYPE in sizeof (UINTN) units rounded up to the nearest UINTN boundary.
**/
#define _BASE_INT_SIZE_OF(TYPE)  ((sizeof (TYPE) + sizeof (UINTN) - 1) / sizeof (UINTN))

/**
  Returns an argument of a specified type from a variable argument list and updates
  the pointer to the variable argument list to point to the next argument.

  This function returns an argument of the type specified by TYPE from the beginning
  of the variable argument list specified by Marker.  Marker is then updated to point
  to the next argument in the variable argument list.  The method for computing the
  pointer to the next argument in the argument list is CPU specific following the EFIAPI ABI.

  @param   Marker   The pointer to the beginning of a variable argument list.
  @param   TYPE     The type of argument to retrieve from the beginning
                    of the variable argument list.

  @return  An argument of the type specified by TYPE.

**/
#define BASE_ARG(Marker, TYPE)  (*(TYPE *) ((Marker += _BASE_INT_SIZE_OF (TYPE)) - _BASE_INT_SIZE_OF (TYPE)))

/**
  The macro that returns the byte offset of a field in a data structure.

  This function returns the offset, in bytes, of field specified by Field from the
  beginning of the  data structure specified by TYPE. If TYPE does not contain Field,
  the module will not compile.

  @param   TYPE     The name of the data structure that contains the field specified by Field.
  @param   Field    The name of the field in the data structure.

  @return  Offset, in bytes, of field.

**/
#if (defined (__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4) || defined (__clang__)
#define OFFSET_OF(TYPE, Field)  ((UINTN) __builtin_offsetof(TYPE, Field))
#endif

#ifndef OFFSET_OF
#define OFFSET_OF(TYPE, Field)  ((UINTN) &(((TYPE *)0)->Field))
#endif

/**
  Returns the alignment requirement of a type.

  @param   TYPE  The name of the type to retrieve the alignment requirement of.

  @return  Alignment requirement, in Bytes, of TYPE.
**/
#if defined (__cplusplus)
//
// Standard C++ operator.
//
#define ALIGNOF(TYPE)  alignof (TYPE)
#elif defined (__GNUC__) || defined (__clang__) || (defined (_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900)
//
// All supported versions of GCC and Clang, as well as MSVC 2015 and later,
// support the standard operator _Alignof.
//
#define ALIGNOF(TYPE)  _Alignof (TYPE)
#elif defined (_MSC_EXTENSIONS)
//
// Earlier versions of MSVC, at least MSVC 2008 and later, support the vendor
// extension __alignof.
//
#define ALIGNOF(TYPE)  __alignof (TYPE)
#else
//
// For compilers that do not support inbuilt alignof operators, use OFFSET_OF.
// CHAR8 is known to have both a size and an alignment requirement of 1 Byte.
// As such, A must be located exactly at the offset equal to its alignment
// requirement.
//
#define ALIGNOF(TYPE)  OFFSET_OF (struct { CHAR8 C; TYPE A; }, A)
#endif

/**
  Portable definition for compile time assertions.
  Equivalent to C11 static_assert macro from assert.h.

  @param  Expression  Boolean expression.
  @param  Message     Raised compiler diagnostic message when expression is false.

**/
#ifdef MDE_CPU_EBC
#define STATIC_ASSERT(Expression, Message)
#elif defined (_MSC_EXTENSIONS) || defined (__cplusplus)
#define STATIC_ASSERT  static_assert
#else
#define STATIC_ASSERT  _Static_assert
#endif

//
// Verify that ProcessorBind.h produced UEFI Data Types that are compliant with
// Section 2.3.1 of the UEFI 2.3 Specification.
//

STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (BOOLEAN) == 1, "sizeof (BOOLEAN) does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (INT8)    == 1, "sizeof (INT8) does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (UINT8)   == 1, "sizeof (UINT8) does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (INT16)   == 2, "sizeof (INT16) does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (UINT16)  == 2, "sizeof (UINT16) does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (INT32)   == 4, "sizeof (INT32) does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (UINT32)  == 4, "sizeof (UINT32) does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (INT64)   == 8, "sizeof (INT64) does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (UINT64)  == 8, "sizeof (UINT64) does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (CHAR8)   == 1, "sizeof (CHAR8) does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (CHAR16)  == 2, "sizeof (CHAR16) does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (L'A')    == 2, "sizeof (L'A') does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (L"A")    == 4, "sizeof (L\"A\") does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");

STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (BOOLEAN) == sizeof (BOOLEAN), "Alignment of BOOLEAN does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (INT8)    == sizeof (INT8), "Alignment of INT8 does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (UINT8)   == sizeof (UINT8), "Alignment of INT16 does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (INT16)   == sizeof (INT16), "Alignment of INT16 does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (UINT16)  == sizeof (UINT16), "Alignment of UINT16 does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (INT32)   == sizeof (INT32), "Alignment of INT32 does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (UINT32)  == sizeof (UINT32), "Alignment of UINT32 does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (INT64)   == sizeof (INT64), "Alignment of INT64 does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (UINT64)  == sizeof (UINT64), "Alignment of UINT64 does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (CHAR8)   == sizeof (CHAR8), "Alignment of CHAR8 does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (CHAR16)  == sizeof (CHAR16), "Alignment of CHAR16 does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (INTN)    == sizeof (INTN), "Alignment of INTN does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (UINTN)   == sizeof (UINTN), "Alignment of UINTN does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (VOID *)  == sizeof (VOID *), "Alignment of VOID * does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");

//
// The following three enum types are used to verify that the compiler
// configuration for enum types is compliant with Section 2.3.1 of the
// UEFI 2.3.1 Errata C Specification. These enum types and enum values
// are not intended to be used. A prefix of '__' is used avoid
// conflicts with other types.
//
typedef enum {
  __VerifyUint8EnumValue = 0xff
} __VERIFY_UINT8_ENUM_SIZE;

typedef enum {
  __VerifyUint16EnumValue = 0xffff
} __VERIFY_UINT16_ENUM_SIZE;

typedef enum {
  __VerifyInt32EnumValue = 0x7fffffff
} __VERIFY_INT32_ENUM_SIZE;

STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (__VERIFY_UINT8_ENUM_SIZE) == 4, "Size of enum does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (__VERIFY_UINT16_ENUM_SIZE) == 4, "Size of enum does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (__VERIFY_INT32_ENUM_SIZE) == 4, "Size of enum does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");

STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (__VERIFY_UINT8_ENUM_SIZE)  == sizeof (__VERIFY_UINT8_ENUM_SIZE), "Alignment of enum does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (__VERIFY_UINT16_ENUM_SIZE) == sizeof (__VERIFY_UINT16_ENUM_SIZE), "Alignment of enum does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");
STATIC_ASSERT (ALIGNOF (__VERIFY_INT32_ENUM_SIZE) == sizeof (__VERIFY_INT32_ENUM_SIZE), "Alignment of enum does not meet UEFI Specification Data Type requirements");

/**
  Macro that returns a pointer to the data structure that contains a specified field of
  that data structure.  This is a lightweight method to hide information by placing a
  public data structure inside a larger private data structure and using a pointer to
  the public data structure to retrieve a pointer to the private data structure.

  This function computes the offset, in bytes, of field specified by Field from the beginning
  of the  data structure specified by TYPE.  This offset is subtracted from Record, and is
  used to return a pointer to a data structure of the type specified by TYPE. If the data type
  specified by TYPE does not contain the field specified by Field, then the module will not compile.

  @param   Record   Pointer to the field specified by Field within a data structure of type TYPE.
  @param   TYPE     The name of the data structure type to return.  This data structure must
                    contain the field specified by Field.
  @param   Field    The name of the field in the data structure specified by TYPE to which Record points.

  @return  A pointer to the structure from one of it's elements.

**/
#define BASE_CR(Record, TYPE, Field)  ((TYPE *) ((CHAR8 *) (Record) - OFFSET_OF (TYPE, Field)))

/**
  Checks whether a value is a power of two.

  @param   Value  The value to check.

  @retval TRUE   Value is a power of two.
  @retval FALSE  Value is not a power of two.
**/
#define IS_POW2(Value)  ((Value) != 0U && ((Value) & ((Value) - 1U)) == 0U)

/**
  Checks whether a value is aligned by a specified alignment.

  @param   Value      The value to check.
  @param   Alignment  The alignment boundary used to check against.

  @retval TRUE   Value is aligned by Alignment.
  @retval FALSE  Value is not aligned by Alignment.
**/
#define IS_ALIGNED(Value, Alignment)  (((Value) & ((Alignment) - 1U)) == 0U)

/**
  Checks whether a pointer or address is aligned by a specified alignment.

  @param   Address    The pointer or address to check.
  @param   Alignment  The alignment boundary used to check against.

  @retval TRUE   Address is aligned by Alignment.
  @retval FALSE  Address is not aligned by Alignment.
**/
#define ADDRESS_IS_ALIGNED(Address, Alignment)  IS_ALIGNED ((UINTN) (Address), Alignment)

/**
  Determines the addend to add to a value to round it up to the next boundary of
  a specified alignment.

  @param   Value      The value to round up.
  @param   Alignment  The alignment boundary used to return the addend.

  @return  Addend to round Value up to alignment boundary Alignment.
**/
#define ALIGN_VALUE_ADDEND(Value, Alignment)  (((Alignment) - (Value)) & ((Alignment) - 1U))

/**
  Rounds a value up to the next boundary using a specified alignment.

  This function rounds Value up to the next boundary using the specified Alignment.
  This aligned value is returned.

  @param   Value      The value to round up.
  @param   Alignment  The alignment boundary used to return the aligned value.

  @return  A value up to the next boundary.

**/
#define ALIGN_VALUE(Value, Alignment)  ((Value) + ALIGN_VALUE_ADDEND (Value, Alignment))

/**
  Adjust a pointer by adding the minimum offset required for it to be aligned on
  a specified alignment boundary.

  This function rounds the pointer specified by Pointer to the next alignment boundary
  specified by Alignment. The pointer to the aligned address is returned.

  @param   Pointer    The pointer to round up.
  @param   Alignment  The alignment boundary to use to return an aligned pointer.

  @return  Pointer to the aligned address.

**/
#define ALIGN_POINTER(Pointer, Alignment)  ((VOID *) (ALIGN_VALUE ((UINTN)(Pointer), (Alignment))))

/**
  Rounds a value up to the next natural boundary for the current CPU.
  This is 4-bytes for 32-bit CPUs and 8-bytes for 64-bit CPUs.

  This function rounds the value specified by Value up to the next natural boundary for the
  current CPU. This rounded value is returned.

  @param   Value      The value to round up.

  @return  Rounded value specified by Value.

**/
#define ALIGN_VARIABLE(Value)  ALIGN_VALUE ((Value), sizeof (UINTN))

/**
  Return the maximum of two operands.

  This macro returns the maximum of two operand specified by a and b.
  Both a and b must be the same numerical types, signed or unsigned.

  @param   a        The first operand with any numerical type.
  @param   b        The second operand. Can be any numerical type as long as is
                    the same type as a.

  @return  Maximum of two operands.

**/
#define MAX(a, b)                       \
  (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))

/**
  Return the minimum of two operands.

  This macro returns the minimal of two operand specified by a and b.
  Both a and b must be the same numerical types, signed or unsigned.

  @param   a        The first operand with any numerical type.
  @param   b        The second operand. It should be the same any numerical type with a.

  @return  Minimum of two operands.

**/
#define MIN(a, b)                       \
  (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))

/**
  Return the absolute value of a signed operand.

  This macro returns the absolute value of the signed operand specified by a.

  @param   a        The signed operand.

  @return  The absolute value of the signed operand.

**/
#define ABS(a)                          \
  (((a) < 0) ? (-(a)) : (a))

//
// Status codes common to all execution phases
//
typedef UINTN RETURN_STATUS;

/**
  Produces a RETURN_STATUS code with the highest bit set.

  @param  StatusCode    The status code value to convert into a warning code.
                        StatusCode must be in the range 0x00000000..0x7FFFFFFF.

  @return The value specified by StatusCode with the highest bit set.

**/
#define ENCODE_ERROR(StatusCode)  ((RETURN_STATUS)(MAX_BIT | (StatusCode)))

/**
  Produces a RETURN_STATUS code with the highest bit clear.

  @param  StatusCode    The status code value to convert into a warning code.
                        StatusCode must be in the range 0x00000000..0x7FFFFFFF.

  @return The value specified by StatusCode with the highest bit clear.

**/
#define ENCODE_WARNING(StatusCode)  ((RETURN_STATUS)(StatusCode))

/**
  Returns TRUE if a specified RETURN_STATUS code is an error code.

  This function returns TRUE if StatusCode has the high bit set.  Otherwise, FALSE is returned.

  @param  StatusCode    The status code value to evaluate.

  @retval TRUE          The high bit of StatusCode is set.
  @retval FALSE         The high bit of StatusCode is clear.

**/
#define RETURN_ERROR(StatusCode)  (((INTN)(RETURN_STATUS)(StatusCode)) < 0)

///
/// The operation completed successfully.
///
#define RETURN_SUCCESS  (RETURN_STATUS)(0)

///
/// The image failed to load.
///
#define RETURN_LOAD_ERROR  ENCODE_ERROR (1)

///
/// The parameter was incorrect.
///
#define RETURN_INVALID_PARAMETER  ENCODE_ERROR (2)

///
/// The operation is not supported.
///
#define RETURN_UNSUPPORTED  ENCODE_ERROR (3)

///
/// The buffer was not the proper size for the request.
///
#define RETURN_BAD_BUFFER_SIZE  ENCODE_ERROR (4)

///
/// The buffer was not large enough to hold the requested data.
/// The required buffer size is returned in the appropriate
/// parameter when this error occurs.
///
#define RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL  ENCODE_ERROR (5)

///
/// There is no data pending upon return.
///
#define RETURN_NOT_READY  ENCODE_ERROR (6)

///
/// The physical device reported an error while attempting the
/// operation.
///
#define RETURN_DEVICE_ERROR  ENCODE_ERROR (7)

///
/// The device can not be written to.
///
#define RETURN_WRITE_PROTECTED  ENCODE_ERROR (8)

///
/// The resource has run out.
///
#define RETURN_OUT_OF_RESOURCES  ENCODE_ERROR (9)

///
/// An inconsistency was detected on the file system causing the
/// operation to fail.
///
#define RETURN_VOLUME_CORRUPTED  ENCODE_ERROR (10)

///
/// There is no more space on the file system.
///
#define RETURN_VOLUME_FULL  ENCODE_ERROR (11)

///
/// The device does not contain any medium to perform the
/// operation.
///
#define RETURN_NO_MEDIA  ENCODE_ERROR (12)

///
/// The medium in the device has changed since the last
/// access.
///
#define RETURN_MEDIA_CHANGED  ENCODE_ERROR (13)

///
/// The item was not found.
///
#define RETURN_NOT_FOUND  ENCODE_ERROR (14)

///
/// Access was denied.
///
#define RETURN_ACCESS_DENIED  ENCODE_ERROR (15)

///
/// The server was not found or did not respond to the request.
///
#define RETURN_NO_RESPONSE  ENCODE_ERROR (16)

///
/// A mapping to the device does not exist.
///
#define RETURN_NO_MAPPING  ENCODE_ERROR (17)

///
/// A timeout time expired.
///
#define RETURN_TIMEOUT  ENCODE_ERROR (18)

///
/// The protocol has not been started.
///
#define RETURN_NOT_STARTED  ENCODE_ERROR (19)

///
/// The protocol has already been started.
///
#define RETURN_ALREADY_STARTED  ENCODE_ERROR (20)

///
/// The operation was aborted.
///
#define RETURN_ABORTED  ENCODE_ERROR (21)

///
/// An ICMP error occurred during the network operation.
///
#define RETURN_ICMP_ERROR  ENCODE_ERROR (22)

///
/// A TFTP error occurred during the network operation.
///
#define RETURN_TFTP_ERROR  ENCODE_ERROR (23)

///
/// A protocol error occurred during the network operation.
///
#define RETURN_PROTOCOL_ERROR  ENCODE_ERROR (24)

///
/// A function encountered an internal version that was
/// incompatible with a version requested by the caller.
///
#define RETURN_INCOMPATIBLE_VERSION  ENCODE_ERROR (25)

///
/// The function was not performed due to a security violation.
///
#define RETURN_SECURITY_VIOLATION  ENCODE_ERROR (26)

///
/// A CRC error was detected.
///
#define RETURN_CRC_ERROR  ENCODE_ERROR (27)

///
/// The beginning or end of media was reached.
///
#define RETURN_END_OF_MEDIA  ENCODE_ERROR (28)

///
/// The end of the file was reached.
///
#define RETURN_END_OF_FILE  ENCODE_ERROR (31)

///
/// The language specified was invalid.
///
#define RETURN_INVALID_LANGUAGE  ENCODE_ERROR (32)

///
/// The security status of the data is unknown or compromised
/// and the data must be updated or replaced to restore a valid
/// security status.
///
#define RETURN_COMPROMISED_DATA  ENCODE_ERROR (33)

///
/// There is an address conflict address allocation.
///
#define RETURN_IP_ADDRESS_CONFLICT  ENCODE_ERROR (34)

///
/// A HTTP error occurred during the network operation.
///
#define RETURN_HTTP_ERROR  ENCODE_ERROR (35)

///
/// The string contained one or more characters that
/// the device could not render and were skipped.
///
#define RETURN_WARN_UNKNOWN_GLYPH  ENCODE_WARNING (1)

///
/// The handle was closed, but the file was not deleted.
///
#define RETURN_WARN_DELETE_FAILURE  ENCODE_WARNING (2)

///
/// The handle was closed, but the data to the file was not
/// flushed properly.
///
#define RETURN_WARN_WRITE_FAILURE  ENCODE_WARNING (3)

///
/// The resulting buffer was too small, and the data was
/// truncated to the buffer size.
///
#define RETURN_WARN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL  ENCODE_WARNING (4)

///
/// The data has not been updated within the timeframe set by
/// local policy for this type of data.
///
#define RETURN_WARN_STALE_DATA  ENCODE_WARNING (5)

///
/// The resulting buffer contains UEFI-compliant file system.
///
#define RETURN_WARN_FILE_SYSTEM  ENCODE_WARNING (6)

///
/// The operation will be processed across a system reset.
///
#define RETURN_WARN_RESET_REQUIRED  ENCODE_WARNING (7)

/**
  Returns a 16-bit signature built from 2 ASCII characters.

  This macro returns a 16-bit value built from the two ASCII characters specified
  by A and B.

  @param  A    The first ASCII character.
  @param  B    The second ASCII character.

  @return A 16-bit value built from the two ASCII characters specified by A and B.

**/
#define SIGNATURE_16(A, B)  ((A) | (B << 8))

/**
  Returns a 32-bit signature built from 4 ASCII characters.

  This macro returns a 32-bit value built from the four ASCII characters specified
  by A, B, C, and D.

  @param  A    The first ASCII character.
  @param  B    The second ASCII character.
  @param  C    The third ASCII character.
  @param  D    The fourth ASCII character.

  @return A 32-bit value built from the two ASCII characters specified by A, B,
          C and D.

**/
#define SIGNATURE_32(A, B, C, D)  (SIGNATURE_16 (A, B) | (SIGNATURE_16 (C, D) << 16))

/**
  Returns a 64-bit signature built from 8 ASCII characters.

  This macro returns a 64-bit value built from the eight ASCII characters specified
  by A, B, C, D, E, F, G,and H.

  @param  A    The first ASCII character.
  @param  B    The second ASCII character.
  @param  C    The third ASCII character.
  @param  D    The fourth ASCII character.
  @param  E    The fifth ASCII character.
  @param  F    The sixth ASCII character.
  @param  G    The seventh ASCII character.
  @param  H    The eighth ASCII character.

  @return A 64-bit value built from the two ASCII characters specified by A, B,
          C, D, E, F, G and H.

**/
#define SIGNATURE_64(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) \
    (SIGNATURE_32 (A, B, C, D) | ((UINT64) (SIGNATURE_32 (E, F, G, H)) << 32))

#if defined (_MSC_EXTENSIONS) && !defined (__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined (MDE_CPU_EBC)
void *
_ReturnAddress (
  void
  );

  #pragma intrinsic(_ReturnAddress)

/**
  Get the return address of the calling function.

  Based on intrinsic function _ReturnAddress that provides the address of
  the instruction in the calling function that will be executed after
  control returns to the caller.

  @param L    Return Level.

  @return The return address of the calling function or 0 if L != 0.

**/
#define RETURN_ADDRESS(L)  ((L == 0) ? _ReturnAddress() : (VOID *) 0)
#elif defined (__GNUC__) || defined (__clang__)

/**
  Get the return address of the calling function.

  Based on built-in Function __builtin_return_address that returns
  the return address of the current function, or of one of its callers.

  @param L    Return Level.

  @return The return address of the calling function.

**/
#define RETURN_ADDRESS(L)  __builtin_return_address (L)
#else

/**
  Get the return address of the calling function.

  @param L    Return Level.

  @return 0 as compilers don't support this feature.

**/
#define RETURN_ADDRESS(L)  ((VOID *) 0)
#endif

/**
  Return the number of elements in an array.

  @param  Array  An object of array type. Array is only used as an argument to
                 the sizeof operator, therefore Array is never evaluated. The
                 caller is responsible for ensuring that Array's type is not
                 incomplete; that is, Array must have known constant size.

  @return The number of elements in Array. The result has type UINTN.

**/
#define ARRAY_SIZE(Array)  (sizeof (Array) / sizeof ((Array)[0]))

#endif